丙基双氢茉莉酮酸酯诱导棉花耐黄萎病的效应   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

何茂华  慕卫  刘峰 《棉花学报》2004,16(2):108-111

温室内以10mg·L 1的丙基双氢茉莉酮酸酯(PDJ)灌根预处理后,再用黄萎病菌(Verticilliumdahliae)孢子悬浮液接种棉苗,处理棉苗与对照相比发病率和病情指数有所降低,表现出对棉花黄萎病的耐病性。对一些生化指标进行测定发现,PDJ灌根和接种都可引起棉苗叶片中苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性升高和木质素含量的增加,与此同时棉花叶片中的过氧化物酶(POD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量也都有所上升,在此基础上对PDJ诱导棉花耐黄萎病的可能生化机制作了归纳。  相似文献   

Radiation-Induced Nullisomy in Hordeum vulgare L.     

H. Ahmad  H. I. T. Khawaja 《Plant Breeding》1992,108(4):332-334

A plant with drastically reduced vigour was observed in a population of diploid barley (Hordeum vulgare) raised from seeds exposed to gamma radiation. Cytological studies revealed that the plant was nullisomic with 2n = 12. At meiosis, regular formation of 6 bivalents was observed. The plant was totally sterile and produced neither stainable pollen nor seed.  相似文献   

The genomes of Arachis hypogaea 2. The implications in interspecific breeding     

J. Smartt  W. C. Gregory  M. Pfluge Gregory 《Euphytica》1978,27(3):677-680

Summary The existence of structural differentiation between genomes in section Arachis of the genus Arachis has important implications in the utilization of diploid wild species in this section as a germplasm resource. Maximum expression of desirable characters may not be achieved unless tetrasomic dose levels can be achieved. Possible breeding strategies discussed include natural and induced gene exchange between genomes and chromosome substitution which could be brought about by manipulation of ploidy level and where appropriate the use of ionizing radiation. Such strategies could be tested in the improvement of resistance to the Cercospora leafspots.Paper number 5561 of the Journal Series of the North Carolina Agricultural Experimental Station, Raleigh, NC 27650.  相似文献   

Interspecific hybridization between Coffea arabica L. and tetraploid C. canephora P. Ex Fr. II. Meiosis in F1 hybrids and back crosses to C. Arabica     

J. B. O. Owuor 《Euphytica》1985,34(2):355-360

Summary Melosis was studied in Coffea arabica, in induced tetraploid C. canephora, in their F₁ hybrid (arabusta hybrid) and in backcross generations of the hybrid with C. arabica as recurrent parent. Irregularities were observed, consisting of univalents (especially in the arabusta hybrid), multivalents (especially in tetraploid C. canephora) and uneven distribution of chromosomes at first anaphase. Chromosome distribution was improved by backcrossing. Meiotic irregularities wer negatively correlated with pollen fertility.  相似文献   

Effect of Induced Autotetraploidy on Response to Sclerotinia Clover Rot in Trifolium pratense L.     

E. Arseniuk 《Plant Breeding》1989,103(4):310-318

The effect of induced autotetraploidy on the response of red clover to Sclerotinia clover rot (SCR) was studied under laboratory, glasshouse and field conditions. To assess the response in the laboratory, the detached leaf technique was employed, whereas in the glasshouse and in the field, 6—14 weeks old seedlings and adult plants, respectively, were artificially inoculated with the pathogen grain inoculum. The results of the studies showed that great genotypic variability occurs within diploid (2×)and tetraploid (4×)red clover in response to that disease. Generally, tetraploid red clover, in comparison to diploid, is more resistant to SCR. The laboratory, glasshouse and field experiments showed that the effect of induced autotetraploidy on SCR resistance is positive. The hardening of plant with light and temperature enlarged the differences in reponse to SCR between ploidy levels, family pairs and individual strains with every testing method. Other factors, like plant age and flowering time, influencing red clover response to SCR are also discussed.  相似文献   

Improved doubled haploid production protocol for Brassica napus using microspore colchicine treatment in vitro and ploidy determination by flow cytometry   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S. Weber    F. Ünker    W. Friedt 《Plant Breeding》2005,124(5):511-513

A rapid and efficient microspore culture protocol was applied to produce homozygous progeny of crosses between low erucic canola and high erucic resynthesized rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Microspores of Canadian cultivars ‘Excel’ and ‘Profit’ as well as three F₁ hybrids with the resynthetic line ‘RS239’ were treated with colchicine immediately after isolation. Flow cytometry was applied for early identification of doubled haploid (DH) regenerants. The diploidization rate was subsequently verified by scoring flower morphology. In vitro colchicine treatment had a positive effect on induced diploidization, and was associated with the frequency of preliminary spontaneous diploidization which was, however, determined by the genotype. In addition, the effects of colchicine treatment on embryoid formation and regeneration have been evaluated. The method presented is feasible for commercial large‐scale production of DHs in rapeseed as the genotype‐specific diploidization can be efficiently balanced by in vitro colchicine treatment. In addition, the use of flow cytometry immediately after in vitro culture allows efficient selection for DHs, thus saving labour and cost and in the laboratory and subsequent greenhouse phase.  相似文献   

植物低温诱导蛋白和诱导基因研究新进展   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

丁国华  秦智伟周秀艳 《中国农学通报》2003,19(6):33-33

本文就近年来植物低温诱导蛋白和低温诱导基因的研究进展进行了概述，同时探讨了低温诱导蛋白和低温诱导基因与植物抗寒能力之间的关系。  相似文献   

Pollen Characteristics and Genetics of Induced and Spontaneous Genetic Male-Sterile Mutants in Rice     

Jinguo  Hu J. N. Rutger 《Plant Breeding》1992,109(2):97-107

Pollen characteristics, inheritance and allelism of 23 genetic male-sterile (ms) mutants of rice (Oryza sativa L.) were investigated. Ten of the mutants were induced by ethyl methane sulfonate, one induced by ethyleneimine, seven induced by gamma rays, one induced by streptomycin, one derived from tissue culture and three were spontaneous mutants found in the field. Four pollen abortion types were observed among these ms mutants: 3 no-pollen (NP) type, 6 complete pollen abortion (CPA) type, 13 partial pollen abortion (PPA) type, and 1 stainable pollen abortion (SPA) type. Progeny tests over two years indicated that each of the mutants was inherited as a monogenic recessive. A partial diallel cross among the 23 ms mutants indicated that mutant E2 was allelic to G4, E5 was allelic to E9, N2 was allelic to N3, and that three other mutants, E3, G6 and T1, shared the same ms locus. Gene symbols ms-46 (t) through ms-63 (t) were assigned to these mutants.  相似文献   

Doubled haploid production of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) through irradiated pollen-induced parthenogenesis     

M. Todorova  P. Ivanov  P. Shindrova  M. Christov  I. Ivanova 《Euphytica》1997,97(3):249-254

Induced parthenogenesis as a possible method of haploidization in sunflower (H. annuus L.) was tested in previous investigations (Todorova et al., 1994) and conditions for reproducible regeneration of gynogenic doubled haploids were established by the present work. Forty eight treatments were studied, involving four pollen donors and four recipient hybrids. Pollen was irradiated with doses of 300 Gy, 600 Gy and 900 Gy. In total, 2279 embryos were cultivated in vitro of which 1107 plants were obtained and 582 of them produced seeds after selfing. The ploidy level of the regenerants was evaluated at the two – three leaf stage and 296 of the plantlets obtained were haploids. Some of them underwent spontaneous diploidization, the others were treated with colchicine solution for chromosome doubling. The diploid plantlets were checked for their gynogenic origin by genetical and biochemical methods. The effectiveness of the method expressed as the number of agronomically useful DH lines to the number obtained that were fertile and resistant to downy mildew, branched and unbranched plants was 8,6% on average. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

The transfer of the gene for mildew resistance from Avena barbata (4x) into the cultivated oat A. sativa by an induced translocation     

Taing Aung  Hugh Thomas  I. T. Jones 《Euphytica》1977,26(3):623-632

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