雌雄异株植物性染色体演化研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

邓传良  贾彦彦  张准超  杨金华  高武军  卢龙斗 《安徽农业科学》2009,37(27):12917-12920

植物的性别分化是植物发育生物学的热点问题,而植物性染色体的研究有助于阐明性染色体起源和演化的机制,因此成为研究植物性别分化的重点领域。对模式种雌雄异株植物番木瓜、白麦瓶草和酸模性染色体研究进展以及性染色体演化进行了概述,以期为后续的研究奠定基础。  相似文献   

Conventional and molecular cytogenetics of the pikeperch (Sander lucioperca L.)     

Malgorzata Jankun  Magdalena Mochol  Konrad Ocalewicz 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(6):1084-1089

Pikeperch (Sander lucioperca L.) is a percid fish species of high commercial value and potential for being aquacultured in Europe. As such, pikeperch needs to be karyologically studied with special attention dedicated to arrangement of the homologous chromosomes into pairs and chromosomal location of the chosen DNA sequences. The karyotype of the pikeperch consists of 48 small chromosomes: One pair of metacentric chromosomes, 15 pairs of submetacentric chromosomes and eight pairs of subtelo‐acrocentric chromosomes (FN = 80). Original data on the chromosomal distribution of early and late replication regions, segments resistant to AluI, DdeI, HinfI and HaeIII restriction endonucleases and identification of the C‐banded heterochromatin presented herein have been used to arrange pikeperch chromosomes into the karyotype. After Primed in situ labeling (PRINS) technique with primers enabling amplification of 5S rDNA sequences, hybridization spots observed on the short (p) arms of two the largest pikeperch submetacentric chromosomes (no. 2). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with telomeric PNA (Peptide Nucleic Acid) probe enabled recognition of the conservative telomeric DNA sequences on the pikeperch chromosomes. No interstitial signals were observed. The specimens studied did not show any morphologically differentiated sex chromosomes.  相似文献   

吊石苣苔和盾叶粗筒苣苔的种子萌发及染色体数目观察^*     

赵大克  鲁元学  石景峰  管开云 《云南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2010,25(2):173-178

 吊石苣苔（Lysionotus pacuciforus）和盾叶粗筒苣苔(Briggsia longgipes)为苦苣苔科（Gesneriaceae）多年生草本植物,具有较高的观赏价值。采用滤纸搭桥培养皿内萌发方法研究了其种子萌发特性;发现吊石苣苔在萌发过程中种皮颜色逐渐变淡,胚根的顶端优势不明显;用10%的次氯酸钠消毒可消除二者萌发过程中的霉变现象;吊石苣苔种子成活率最高为9500%,盾叶苣苔的4500%。并观察了二者的染色体数目;吊石苣苔的为2n=32,盾叶粗筒苣苔的为2n=34,其中盾叶苣苔染色体数目为首次报道。  相似文献   

染色体臂间倒位的遗传效应分析   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

李永全  郑克勤  周汝滨  潘超仁  廖霞  陈小萍 《湛江医学院学报》1999,17(2):93-95

目的：研究人类染色体臂间倒位的遗传效应,分析染色臂间倒位与不育,流产和畸肥的关系。方法：常规取外周血淋巴细胞培养制备染色体Ｇ显带标本,按人类细胞遗传学国际命名体制进行核型分析。结果：染色体臂间倒位在受检的２８７２人中,检出２９例,计有ｉｎｖ（９）２６例,ｉｎｖ（８）（ｐ１１．２ｑ２４．３）１例,ｉｎｖ（３）（ｐ２５ｑ２１）１、例,ｉｎｖ（１）（ｐ３６ｑ２５）１例,其中ｉｎｖ（１）（ｐ３６ｑ２５）为  相似文献   

棘头梅童鱼中期染色体物理长度的估测     

罗晗娇  刘富江  陈俊男  刘贤德  刘滟溯  蔡明夷 《水产学报》2020,44(11):1824-1831

棘头梅童鱼（Collichthys lucidus）是我国重要的海洋经济鱼类之一,具有特别的多性染色体系统（X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y)。本研究使用流式细胞术（flow cytometry,FCM）首次估测了棘头梅童鱼基因组的大小,并利用碘化丙啶染色与图像分析软件测定棘头梅童鱼24对染色体的相对面积、相对长度以及相对累积荧光强度,估算了染色体的物理长度。结果显示,雌性和雄性棘头梅童鱼的基因组大小分别为802.91 ± 2.19 Mb和786.52 ± 1.95 Mb。雌性基因组显著大于雄性基因组（约16.39 Mb）。雌性的核型公式为2n = 48 = 48t,臂数NF = 48, 染色体估测物理长度在（22.17 ± 0.72） Mb ~ （46.30 ± 1.06） Mb之间。雄性的核型公式为2n = 47 = 1m + 46t,臂数NF = 48。其中,雄性特有的m染色体为Y染色体,其估测物理长度为（62.95 ± 2.89 ）Mb。染色体的估测物理长度与相对面积、相对长度均成正线性相关。研究结果为棘头梅童鱼染色体的识别、配对提供更丰富的信息,为棘头梅童鱼Y染色体的组装及石首鱼科鱼类染色体进化提供参考数据。  相似文献   

银杏雌雄株核型及性别早期鉴定     

陈学森  邓秀新  章文才  张艳敏 《果树学报》1997,(2)

以银杏茎尖及根尖为试材，采用压片法对雌雄株核型及性别早期鉴定进行了深入研究，结果表明，①银杏雌雄株核型一致，唯一差异就是雌株第１０对亚中部着丝粒染色体的长臂上各有一个随体，而雄株这对染色体仅一条染色体具有随体，属异型染色体，即性染色体，如果用ＸＹ表示雄株这一对染色体，则雌株可用ＸＸ表示。因此，雌株核型为２ｎ＝２ｘ＝２４＝２２ＡＣ［４ｍ（２ｓａｔ）＋６ｓｍ＋１２ｓｔ］＋ＸＸ；雄株核型为２ｎ＝２ｘ＝２４＝２２Ａ［Ｃ４ｍ（２ｓａｔ）＋６ｓｍ＋１２ｓ］＋ＸＹ，进一步证实了银杏的性别决定机制属ＸＹ型；②根据ＸＹ性别决定机制，借助胚培技术对７５株银杏实生幼苗进行了性别早期鉴定，雌株为３１珠，占４１．３％，雄株为４４株，占５８．７％  相似文献   

马铃薯与番茄融合之回交后代染色体的原位杂交检测   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

杨丽梅 Rama.  MS 《园艺学报》1997,24(4):338-342

对３份马铃薯、番茄融合产物与马铃薯的回交二代ＢＣ２材料进行原位杂交，可以清楚地区分马铃薯染色体和番茄（外源）染色体，番茄染色体的数目为２～６条。其中２份材料６７３１－１９和６７３１－２４中番茄染色体的数目稳定，另一份材料６７３１－２２，其外源染色体数目不稳定。  相似文献   

Identification of Allium cepa L. cultivars by means of statistical analysis of C-banded chromosomes     

M. de Putter  J. G. Van de Vooren 《Euphytica》1988,39(2):153-160

Summary The C-banded karyotypes of six Allium cepa cultivars, including five dry onions and one shallot, were investigated. Chromosome length and banding patterns were statistically analysed. The value of C-banding for distinguishing these Allium cepa cultivars was tested by the application of a discriminant analysis. It appeared that chromosomal differences between cultivars exist, but are too small to be clearly demonstrated with moderate efforts. Large variation within plants and between plants within cultivars, presumably for the greater part caused by the applied method, obscured the variation between the cultivars.  相似文献   

Gain or loss of single chromosomes in wheat-rye addition lines and in 6x triticale detected by flow cytometry   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M. Pfosser    A. Amon    J. Lafferty    E. Heberle-Bors  T. Lelley 《Plant Breeding》1995,114(6):555-557

Flow cytometric DNA analysis was used to study changes in nuclear DNA content induced by the gain or loss of chromosomes or chromosome arms in wheat-rye addition lines and in triticale. The amount of DNA present was determined by comparison with internal reference values obtained from euploid plants. The smallest difference in the DNA level which could be detected between aneuploid and euploid plants was 1.84%. Thus, it was possible to determine aneuploidy in all cases, except when very short telocentric rye chromosomes were added to wheat (addition line 1RS). The study has proved that flow cytometry is an efficient and simple way to discriminate between euploid and aneuploid plants in wheat and triticale.  相似文献   

Detection of a 4DL chromosome segment translocated to rye chromosome 5R in an advanced hexaploid triticale line Bronco 90     

Shin Taketa  Tetsuya Nakazaki  Trude Schwarzacher  John S. Heslop-Harrison 《Euphytica》1997,97(1):91-96

Bronco 90 is an advanced line of hexaploid triticale and was reported to be a 2D(2R) chromosome substitution type. In F₁ hybrids of this triticale with bread wheat, however, a meiotic configuration of 16 bivalents and 10 univalents was frequently observed indicating the presence of an additional D(R) chromosome substitution or D/R translocation. To determine the chromosome constitution of Bronco 90, C-banding and fluorescent in situ hybridization techniques were applied to somatic and meiotic metaphase chromosomes. These analyses revealed that in Bronco 90, the terminal 7% of the long arm of rye chromosome 5R is derived from the long arm of chromosome 4D. This translocated chromosome (5RS.5RL-4DL) and telosome 4DL formed metaphase I bonds at a frequency of 71%, demonstrating the significance of small terminal chromosome segments for pairing. This novel rye-wheat translocation is probably generated by homoeologous crossing-over because the distal region of 5RL is known to be homoeologous to that of 4DL. Possible association of this translocation with the absence of hairy peduncle character in Bronco 90 is discussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献