饥饿对鲫鱼血液生理生化指标和流变学性质的影响     

程超  施光美 《勤云标准版测试》2008,(1)

研究了饥饿对鲫鱼血液生理生化指标和流变学性质的影响.于21±1℃条件下,在室内水族箱内对鲫鱼进行了为期28d的饥饿实验,分别在饥饿开始后的0、7、14、21、28d取样并测定了其血液生理生化指标和全血粘度.结果表明血液中红细胞数和红细胞压积分别在饥饿后7d和14d内显著下降,而白细胞数和红细胞沉降率分别在饥饿后7d和21d内显著上升;鲫鱼血清中的血糖对饥饿特别敏感,在饥饿后7d内明显下降(P＜0.05),此后几周变化不明显(P＞0.05);总蛋白和白蛋白在饥饿后7d内均有所增加,然后下降;谷丙转氨酶活性在饥饿后14d内明显下降,甘油三脂和总胆固醇在饥饿后21d内明显下降;饥饿对鲫鱼血清钙离子浓度和碱性磷酸酶活性没有显著性影响.全血粘度值在饥饿后14d内下降,随后全血粘度值逐渐增加,到饥饿后28d时仍低于正常值.结果提示,饥饿对鲫鱼大部分血液生理生化指标和血液流变学性质有显著性影响.  相似文献   

氮饥饿对玉米大斑病菌生长和发育的影响     

谷守芹  范永山  崔金旺  杨立恩 《玉米科学》2008,16(6):108-110

以改良Fries合成培养基为基础,观测氮饥饿胁迫条件下玉米大斑病菌菌株01-11和03-22在菌落生长速度、分生孢子产生时间和数量、菌落形态和颜色等方面的变化。结果发现,在缺氮条件下,培养6 d后菌落生长停滞,颜色变淡;菌丝稀疏,老化程度加快;分生孢子出现时间提前,但产孢数量减少。研究结果说明,氮元素对玉米大斑病菌的生长和发育有非常重要的作用。  相似文献   

氮胁迫条件下稻瘟病菌分泌蛋白致病性分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

周晓罡  苏源  李成云  丁玉梅  张绍松  孙茂林  李进斌 《植物病理学报》2009,39(5):491-500

 以CH-63和TH-162个致病性差异的稻瘟病菌株为材料,在缺氮培养条件下进行液体培养。经培养2 d后,采用铵盐沉淀及透析纯化处理获得稻瘟病菌培养滤液中的分泌蛋白。分别采用致伤接种及浸泡处理对该蛋白作用水稻植株后的病理反应进行系统研究,结果表明经致伤接种的水稻叶片及茎杆接种斑处出现明显的坏死病斑,其病斑直径是对照的2~4倍。浸泡处理的水稻幼根出现严重褐化,植株生长矮小,株高仅为对照的1/2。对上述稻瘟病菌株分泌蛋白进行酶解处理后病症消失或减弱,进一步确证其为引起上述病理反应的主要因子。将该分泌蛋白接种24个水稻单基因系,接种后72 h根据病斑长度将24个IRRI水稻单基因系按抗、中、感病性状分组。对稻瘟病菌菌株CH-63和TH-16的缺氮分泌蛋白致病力强弱差异与菌丝块接种结果进行比较,结果表明CH-63致病力强于TH-16。  相似文献   

Starvation tolerance of newly metamorphosed abalone Haliotis discus hannai   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hideki Takami  Tomohiko Kawamura  Yoh Yamashita 《Fisheries Science》2000,66(6):1180-1182

  相似文献   

饥饿及再投喂对日本囊对虾蛋白质代谢的影响   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

吴立新  刘璐  张晓雪  刘瑜  邓宏相 《大连水产学院学报》2006,21(4):301-306

研究了体重为(13.08±2.40)g、体长为(10.37±0.73)cm的日本囊对虾Marsupenaeus ja-ponicus在饥饿和再投喂状态下蛋白质代谢的变化。对照组C连续饱食投喂10 d,试验组S10、S15、S25分别饥饿10、15、25 d后再恢复饱食投喂10 d。结果表明:在饥饿状态下,日本囊对虾肌肉中蛋白质的含量在饥饿前15 d迅速上升,饥饿第15~25 d趋于平稳,肝胰脏中蛋白质的含量则一直较稳定;恢复投喂后,肌肉中蛋白质的含量下降,而肝胰脏中蛋白质的含量上升。血浆中蛋白质的含量在饥饿前期(0~5 d)保持平稳,但在之后的第5~15 d则迅速下降,最后又恢复至最初水平;恢复投喂后,除S25组外其余各组血浆中蛋白质的含量都呈上升趋势,且试验组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。肌肉中RNA/DNA的值在饥饿初期(0~5 d)略有下降,之后保持稳定,肝胰脏中RNA/DNA的值则在短期下降后有所上升;恢复投喂后,肌肉中RNA/DNA的值除S25组外其余各组均呈上升趋势,而肝胰脏中RNA/DNA的值除C组外其余各组均显著上升(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

Some aspects of murine experimental listeriosis     

R Pohjanvirta  T Huttunen 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1985,26(4):563-580

A set of experiments was carried out in order to approach the complex nature of L. monocytogenes infections from different aspects. Experiment 1 showed that Listeria are able to gain admission to body by numerous ways and both subcutaneous and oral entry can lead to fatal septicemia. It also gave slight support to the theory of direct neural transmission of Listeria to the brain and indicated the possibility that intestinal absorption after oral exposition at least partly occurs via lymphatic vessels. No inflammatory reaction could be caused to mice by ocular flushing with Listeria suspension.The second trial proved that there are vast differences in the animal pathogenecity of Listeria strains — even among those of the same serotype. In experiment 3A the abolishing effect of dextran sulfate on the early resistance of mice to Listeria was confirmed and it turned out that cortisone at a therapeutic dose level did not bring about that phenomenon. Levamisole granted no conspicuous enhancement of resistance in this acute challenge; however, the results of the immunity test (3B) suggested that levamisole may be beneficial during the induction phase. On the other hand, starvation appeared to impair long-term immunity. Likewise, in experiment 4 starved mice were quite susceptible to acute challenge with Listeria. Raised ambient temperature, on the contrary, prominently increased the survival rate of the animals.Owing to the fairly small number of animals these results should be regarded as preliminary starting points to further studies.  相似文献   

Imposed starvation for in vitro maintenance and high regeneration of elite key lime (Citrus aurantifolia)     

Saeed Soheilivand  Mohammad Reza Safarnejad  Naser Farrokhi  Mohsen Mardi  Masoud Tohidfar 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2018,93(5):474-482

Preservation of elite key lime (Citrus aurantifolia) genotypes using efficient micropropagation and regeneration protocols is very important for new breeding programmes. The objective of the present study was to develop an efficient protocol for micropropagation and maintenance of elite genotypes of key lime based on slow growth and starvation strategy. To do this, regenerated shoots were starved, and the growth was compromised via avoiding subcultures for 4, 8, 12 and 24 months. The numbers of responsive explants and adventitious shoots per each explant were evaluated in the presence of benzylaminopurine (BAP). The results showed that the 12- and 24-month starved explants treated with 1 mg/l BAP were able to produce four times more shoots than the control. In addition, the influences of horizontal or vertical layering explants over medium were evaluated. The results indicated that all horizontally layered explants significantly produced 25% adventitious shoots more than vertical explants, most likely owing to more contact with the surface medium. Finally, it could be concluded that application of slow growth, starvation strategy and also horizontally layering of the explants could efficiently enhance micropropagation and maintenance of threatened elite key lime genotypes with a low cost.  相似文献   

Changes of plasma free amino acid concentrations and myofibrillar proteolysis index by starvation in non-pregnant dry cows     

Mitsuru KAMIYA  Yuko KAMIYA  Masahito TANAKA  Shigeru SHIOYA 《Animal Science Journal》2008,79(1):51-57

The effects of 5 day starvation on urinary metabolite excretion, plasma metabolites and free amino acid concentrations in four non‐pregnant dry cows were investigated. Starvation significantly reduced (P < 0.05) the bodyweight and feces weight. The plasma glucose concentration decreased (P < 0.05) during days 2–5 of starvation. Starvation significantly increased (P < 0.05) the plasma nonesterified fatty acid concentration. The plasma urea nitrogen concentration and urinary urea nitrogen excretion increased transiently (P < 0.05) at days 1 and 2 of starvation. The plasma 3‐methlhistidine concentration was significantly higher (P < 0.05) at days 2, 3 and 5 of starvation. However, the urinary 3‐methylhistidine excretion was significantly higher (P < 0.05) at days 4 and 5 of starvation, not corresponding to the change in the plasma. Starvation did not change the plasma proline, methionine, lysine and total amino acid concentrations. On the other hand, starvation reduced (P < 0.05) the plasma aspartic acid, serine, asparagine, glutamic acid, glutamine, alanine, tyrosine, tryptophan and histidine concentrations. Plasma glycine increased during starvation. Plasma threonine, isoleucine, leucine and branched‐chain amino acid increased (P < 0.05) by prolonged starvation. The results of this study indicate that prolonged starvation accelerated myofibril protein degradation in non‐pregnant dry cows and apparently consumes most glucogenic amino acids in preference to other amino acids.  相似文献   

短期饥饿胁迫对花羔红点鲑生长率和耗氧率的影响     

黄权  高峰  孙晓雨  谢从新 《吉林农业大学学报》2012,(3):324-328

在室外自然条件下(2~8℃),将初始平均体质量(275.5±33.9)g的花羔红点鲑饥饿处理0(对照组),5,10,15,20 d,再投喂饵料,然后再饱食15 d,研究短期饥饿胁迫对花羔红点鲑生长率和耗氧率的影响。结果表明:饥饿和再投喂对花羔红点鲑的生长有显著影响。随饥饿时间延长,花羔红点鲑的体质量不断下降,体质量损失率逐渐加大,各处理组(0,5,10,15,20 d)体质量损失率分别为0,3.59%,7.06%,7.61%,9.92%。花羔红点鲑在继饥饿后再投喂,其体质量逐渐增加,体质量增长率随饥饿时间延长不断增加。各处理组(0,5,10,15,20 d)体质量增长率分别为5.25%,11.10%,12.81%,17.93%,19.13%。花羔红点鲑继饥饿后再投喂,通过对各处理组特定生长率(SGR)、摄食率(FR)和饲料效率(FCE)的研究结果表明:饥饿5 d,10 d组的特定生长率要高于对照组(0 d),但差异不显著(P>0.05),15 d,20 d组的特定生长率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。饥饿5 d组摄食率升高,与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05),10 d,20 d的摄食率与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05),而15 d组的摄食率下降,与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05)。随饥饿时间延长,各处理组饲料效率不断升高,与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05)。饥饿和再投喂对花羔红点鲑耗氧率影响显著。花羔红点鲑的代谢率(耗氧率)出现阶段性变化,在饥饿状态下,前期(0~10 d)耗氧率下降速度较快,由217.7 mg/(kg.h)降至157.9 mg/(kg.h),而后期(10~20 d)下降速度慢,稳定在一定水平上。对照组耗氧率明显要高于饥饿组,其数值在一定范围内波动。再投喂后,花羔红点鲑的代谢率上升,饥饿20 d以内的鱼经过10 d基本恢复到正常水平。  相似文献   

短期饥饿对杂交石斑鱼 (Epinephelus fuscogutatus♀ ×E.polyphekadion♂)幼鱼消化酶活性与血清生化指标的影响     

邓文鑫  张健东  黄建盛  王忠良  潘传豪  施钢  汤保贵  陈刚 《河北渔业》2021,(2):6-11,17

为了解短期饥饿对杂交石斑鱼(Epinephelus fuscogutatus♀×E.polyphhekadion♂)幼鱼消化酶活性和血清生理生化指标的影响,对杂交石斑鱼幼鱼进行短期饥饿处理(0 d、5 d、10 d、15 d),分别为S0组、S1组、S2组和S3组,并以S0组为对照组。结果表明,随着饥饿时间的延长,各种消化酶活性呈下降趋势,淀粉酶活性呈先上升后下降趋势。血清碳水化合物、胆固醇、甘油三酯、总蛋白、白蛋白等生化指标在饥饿前期显著降低(P<0.05),随后维持在相对稳定的水平。AST、ALT、ALP活性呈“下降-上升-下降”趋势。分析表明,在短期饥饿过程中,杂交石斑鱼幼鱼早期主要消耗碳水化合物和脂肪物质,后期主要以蛋白质代谢能量来维持生命活动,短期饥饿并没有对杂交石斑鱼造成不可逆转的肝脏损伤。  相似文献