Growth and nutrient utilization of Murray cod Maccullochella peelii peelii (Mitchell) fingerlings fed diets with varying levels of soybean meal and blood meal     

Nigel W Abery  Rasanthi M Gunasekera  & Sena S De Silva 《Aquaculture Research》2002,33(4):279-289

Abstract The Australian native freshwater fish Murray cod, Maccullochella peelii pellii (Mitchell), currently supports a fledgling inland aquaculture industry, which is thought to have considerable growth potential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of two alternate protein sources [blood meal (BM) and defatted soybean meal (SBM)] as substitutes for fish meal at various levels of inclusion in diets for juvenile Murray cod. The growth performance of juvenile Murray cod in response to nine isonitrogenous and isocalorific diets (50% protein, 14% lipid, 20.2 kJ g^?1) consisting of a control diet in which protein was supplied from fish meal, and test diets in which the fish meal protein was substituted at levels of 8%, 16%, 24%, and 32% with BM or SBM was evaluated from a 70‐day growth experiment. The per cent apparent dry matter (% ADC_dm) and percentage protein digestibility (% ADC_p) of the test diets were also determined using Cr₂O₃ as a marker. Survival in all the SBM dietary treatments was high but that of fish on the BM dietary treatments was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than in all the other dietary treatments. Specific growth rate (% day^?1) of Murray cod fed SBM incorporated diets ranged from 1.63 ±  0.06 to 1.78 ±  0.10 and even at the highest level tested (32% of the dietary protein from SBM) was not significantly different (P > 0.05) from the fish fed the control diet (1.65 ±  0.09). Feed conversion ratios of the SBM dietary treatments ranged from 1.36 ±  0.08 to 1.45 ±  0.07. The protein efficiency ratios and protein conversion efficiencies of Murray cod in the soybean meal treatments were also good and for a majority of the SBM diets were better than those for the control diet. Per cent ADC_dm and ADC_p of the SBM diets tested ranged from 70.6 ±  1.46 to 72.3 ±  1.81% and 88.6 ±  0.57 to 90.3 ±  0.17%, respectively, and was not significantly different (P > 0.05) from the control diet (% ADC_dm 74.3 ±  1.63; % ADC_p 91.3 ±  0.55). The reasons for significantly poor survival and growth of Murray cod reared on BM incorporated diets, and relatively poor digestibility of these diets are discussed. The study shows that for Murray cod diets in which fish meal protein is substituted up to 32% performance or carcass composition is not compromised.  相似文献   

鱼粉质量对中国对虾、真鲷、饲料转化率和蛋白质消化率的影响     

梁明青  AndersAksnes 《海洋水产研究》2001,22(4):75-79

IntroductionInherent to the practice of intensive aquaculture is the generation of wastes having immediate and verybroad effects on the aquatic environment.There is a growing consensus about the need to reduce waste pro-duction in aquaculture to minimize the negative impacts on the environment.Nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) wastes are major concerns for many aquaculture operations.In the past,formulation of diets in intensive aquaculture was often aimed at meeting requirements formaximum growt…  相似文献   

Replacement of fishmeal by canola protein concentrate in diets fed to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)     

D.L. Thiessen  D.D. Maenz  R.W. Newkirk  H.L. Classen  & M.D. Drew 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2004,10(6):379-388

A dephytinized protein concentrate prepared from canola seed (CPC) was assessed for nutrient digestibility and performance in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The apparent digestibility coefficients of CPC were: dry matter, 817 g kg^?1; crude protein, 899 g kg^?1; gross energy, 861 g kg^?1; arginine, 945 g kg^?1; lysine, 935 g kg^?1; methionine, 954 g kg^?1; threonine, 893 g kg^?1. A 9‐week performance trial assessed 7 diets. Fishmeal provided 940 g kg^?1 of the protein in the control diet. Test diets consisted of CPC or water‐washed CPC replacing 500 and 750 g kg^?1 of fishmeal protein; and CPC plus an attractant replacing 500 and 750 g kg^?1 of fishmeal protein. No significant differences in performance were observed (P > 0.05). A subsequent 9‐week performance trial evaluated the effect of adding CPC into compound diets containing fishmeal/soybean meal/corn gluten meal. Five diets were prepared: fishmeal provided 670 g kg^?1 of the protein in the control diet, in the remaining diets CPC was incorporated into commercial‐like trout diets at 100, 200 and 300 g kg^?1 replacement of fishmeal protein, the fifth diet included an attractant in the 300 g kg^?1 replacement diet. No significant differences in performance were obtained (P > 0.05). These studies show that dephytinized canola protein concentrate has potential to replace substantial levels of fishmeal in diets for carnivorous fish without compromising performance.  相似文献   

饲料粉碎粒度和调质温度对肉鸡养分消化率及生长性能的影响     

吕明斌  燕磊  安沙  吕尊周 《动物营养学报》2014,26(10)

饲料制粒可以提高采食量和缩短采食时间,以提高肉鸡生长性能和饲料转化率.而原料的粉碎和调质是制粒过程中非常重要的环节,不仅直接影响到饲料的营养价值和肉鸡的消化吸收,还会影响加工成本和产品质量.粉碎粒度过大会导致混合不均匀、颗粒品质欠佳等不利影响,并且对动物的采食及采食后的物理性消化产生影响,粒度过小则会对动物健康产生不利影响.调质过程主要是使饲料受到水热作用,使其蛋白质变性、淀粉糊化等,调质温度是调质环节的关键参数,温度的高低对蛋白质变性及淀粉糊化程度有直接影响,从而间接影响到动物的生长性能和养分消化利用率.同时,调质温度过高会导致饲料中添加的酶制剂及维生素等严重失活,反而会降低饲料的营养价值.本文综述了肉鸡饲料粉碎粒度和调质温度的研究进展,阐述了粉碎粒度、调质温度与肉鸡生长性能和养分消化率的重要关系.  相似文献   

饲粮添加不同复合酶制剂对育成期水貂生长性能、营养物质消化率及氮代谢的影响     

刘汇涛  杨颖  邢秀梅  张铁涛  吴学壮  杨福合 《动物营养学报》2014,(11):3517-3524

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加不同复合酶制剂对育成期水貂生长性能、营养物质消化率及氮代谢的影响。选用(60±3)日龄雄性水貂90只,随机分为9组,每组10个重复,每个重复1只水貂。对照组(A组)饲喂基础饲粮,B组、C组和D组分别在基础饲粮中添加390、890、1 390 mg/kg的复合酶制剂Ⅰ,E组、F组和G组分别在基础饲粮中添加330、830、1 330 mg/kg的复合酶制剂Ⅱ,H组和I组分别在基础饲粮中添加190、990 mg/kg的复合酶制剂Ⅲ。预试期13 d,正试期45 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,C组的末体重和平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05);各组的平均日采食量和料重比差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)B组、C组、E组和F组的干物质消化率和蛋白质消化率极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);各组的脂肪消化率没有显著差异(P>0.05)。3)与对照组相比,试验组的食入氮和尿氮含量无显著差异(P>0.05);B组水貂的氮沉积含量显著高于对照组、D组和H组(P<0.05);B组和C组的净蛋白质利用率和蛋白质生物学价值显著高于对照组和D组(P<0.05),其他试验组与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。由此可见,在饲粮中添加适宜配伍和水平的复合酶制剂对育成期水貂营养物质消化率和生长性能具有较好的改善作用。本试验条件下,以添加890 mg/kg复合酶制剂Ⅰ(25.7%淀粉酶+25.6%酸性蛋白酶+20.5%阿拉伯木聚糖酶+12.8%果胶酶+2.6%甘露聚糖酶+12.8%植酸酶)的饲养效果最佳。  相似文献   

施肥对普陀樟苗木生长及养分吸收利用的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

陈闻  王晶  叶正钱  费行海  孙圳  王国明 《浙江农林大学学报》2014,31(3):358-366

为了解不同施肥水平对普陀樟Cinnamomum japonicum var.chenii苗木生长及养分吸收利用情况的影响,设置了3个水平的田间试验,即不施肥(ck),常规施肥(T50,50 g·m-2)和增量施肥(T100,100 g·m-2),于2012年6月至9月观测苗高和地径,定期采集分析土壤和植物样品。结果表明:普陀樟苗木的苗高、地径、根部和茎部生物量均随施肥量的增加而增加(P<0.05);而叶生物量和总生物量在6月时随施肥量增加而升高(P<0.05),到9月时则呈先升后降的趋势(P<0.05)。苗木体内养分质量分数和单株养分含量随施肥量的增加而增加(P<0.05),不同处理均以叶片养分质量分数最高;养分吸收及利用率随着施肥的增加而降低(P<0.05),T50和T100处理各元素的吸收利用效率均为氮>磷>钾。到试验结束时,T50处理土壤养分质量分数与试验开始时持平,T100处理钾积累,ck引起钾亏缺。从移栽成活来看,T50苗木体内养分积累,有利于移栽成活,保持土壤养分平衡;而T100养分浪费。综合判断,普陀樟苗木最适需养量应为50 g·m-2到100 g·m-2,且较接近50 g·m-2。  相似文献   

Alternative methods for nutrition research on the southern bluefin tuna, Thunnus maccoyii (Castelnau): evaluation of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., to screen experimental feeds     

M P Bransden  C G Carter  & B F Nowak 《Aquaculture Research》2001,32(S1):174-181

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Movements of dietary triolein and cholestane in the digestive tract of prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus     

M Ishikawa  S Teshima  S Koshio  & A Kanazawa 《Aquaculture Research》2001,32(S1):375-382

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Competitive interactions between native and exotic salmonids: a combined field and laboratory demonstration   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

S. Blanchet  G. Loot  G. Grenouillet  S. Brosse 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2007,16(2):133-143

Abstract –  We studied the impact of two exotic salmonid species (brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss ) on native brown trout ( Salmo trutta fario ) habitat, growth and survival. Habitat selection and vertical distribution between young-of-the-year of the three species were examined in a stream aquarium under different sympatric and allopatric combinations. In addition, similar species combinations were introduced in a Pyrenean mountain stream (southwest France) in order to extend laboratory results to growth and apparent survival. Both laboratory and field results indicated that rainbow trout significantly affected native brown trout habitat selection and apparent survival. On the contrary, brown trout habitat, growth and apparent survival were hardly affected by brook trout. These results support the idea that rainbow trout negatively influence native brown trout, and that competition could influence the outcome of fish biological invasions in freshwater ecosystems.  相似文献   

Apparent digestibility coefficients of feed ingredients and their predictability in compound diets for gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata L.     

I. Lupatsch  G. Wm. Kissil  D. Sklan  & E. Pfeffer 《Aquaculture Nutrition》1997,3(2):81-89

Apparent digestibility of crude protein, amino acids, lipid, carbohydrate and energy was measured for a range of feed ingredients fed to gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata L. — fish meal, poultry meal, meat meal, blood meal, squid meal, extracted soyabean and wheat flour. Chromic oxide was used as a non-absorbed reference substance and faeces were collected by stripping. Diets compounded from mixtures of these ingredients were then used to examine the possibility of predicting the digestibility of formulated diets.
Apparent digestibility of crude protein ranged from 79% to 90%, lipids from 83% to 95% and energy from 72% to 88% in the different ingredients. Apparent digestibility of carbohydrates was lower and ranged from 49% to 77%. Apparent digestibility of amino acids was higher than that of crude protein and differences were found among digestibilities of individual amino acids.
Tests conducted using five compound diets indicated that ingredient digestibility was additive for protein, amino acids, lipids and energy, whereas the digestibility of carbohydrates in the compound feeds was slightly lower than predicted.
Diets for Sparus aurata may thus be formulated on the basis of digestibility of individual ingredients.  相似文献