苹小卷叶蛾在6个苹果品种上的发育与繁殖     

孙丽娜  闫文涛  张怀江  仇贵生 《山东农业科学》2015,(1):92-95,104

为探索不同品种苹果对苹小卷叶蛾生长发育和繁殖的影响,在温度(26±1)℃、相对湿度(80±5)%、光周期L∶D=16 h∶8 h的室内条件下,测定了苹小卷叶蛾在小国光、大国光、红玉、祝光、红星和金帅上的发育历期、存活率和产卵量,并组建了其各自的生命周期表。结果显示,苹小卷叶蛾在6个品种上的发育历期差异显著,全世代发育历期以小国光最短(33.95 d),以红玉最长(39.76 d);平均单雌产卵量以红玉最高(107.24粒),小国光次之(85.00粒);而存活率则无显著差异。生命表参数中净生殖率(R0)、内禀增长率(rm)和周限增长率(λ)均以小国光最高,世代平均周期(T)和种群加倍时间(Dt)以小国光最短,表明6种试验品种中小国光是苹小卷叶蛾最适宜的寄主品种。  相似文献   

Energy use and greenhouse gas emissions from turf management of two Swedish golf courses     

《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2017

Turf management on golf courses entails frequent maintenance activities, such as mowing, irrigation and fertilisation, and relies on purchased inputs for optimal performance and aesthetic quality. Using life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, this study evaluated energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from management of two Swedish golf courses, divided into green, tee, fairway and rough, and identified options for improved management. Energy use and GHG emissions per unit area were highest for greens, followed by tees, fairways and roughs. However, when considering the entire golf course, both energy use and GHG emissions were mainly related to fairway and rough maintenance due to their larger area. Emissions of GHG for the two golf courses were 1.0 and 1.6 Mg CO₂e ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ as an area-weighted average, while the energy use was 14 and 19 GJ ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. Mowing was the most energy-consuming activity, contributing 21 and 27% of the primary energy use for the two golf courses. In addition, irrigation and manufacturing of mineral fertiliser and machinery resulted in considerable energy use. Mowing and emissions associated with fertilisation (manufacturing of N fertiliser and soil emissions of N₂O occurring after application) contributed most to GHG emissions. Including the estimated mean annual soil C sequestration rate for fairway and rough in the assessment considerably reduced the carbon footprint for fairway and turned the rough into a sink for GHG. Emissions of N₂O from decomposition of grass clippings may be a potential hotspot for GHG emissions, but the high spatial and temporal variability of values reported in the literature makes it difficult to estimate these emissions for specific management regimes. Lowering the application rate of N mineral fertiliser, particularly on fairways, should be a high priority for golf courses trying to reduce their carbon footprint. However, measures must be adapted to the prevailing conditions at the specific golf course and the requirements set by golfers.  相似文献   

终身效益指数(LPI)及近五年加拿大荷斯坦牛群性状遗传增量     

邱昌功 《中国奶牛》2012,(3):16-18

终身效益指数是加拿大选择公母牛的主要依据,对提高产奶量和奶品质及牛的强壮度具有重要意义。通过指数选择2010年加拿大的荷斯坦泌乳牛单产已超过9 700kg,乳脂率3.8%,乳蛋白率3.2%,体细胞数低于20万个/mL、细菌数3万以下,真正做到了优质高产。  相似文献   

On Features and History of Construction Contract     

《保鲜与加工》2003,(5):87-92

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Water management for irrigation in Antiquity (Urartu 850 to 600 B.C.)     

Günther Garbrecht 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》1988,2(2):185-198

The kingdom of Urartu existed in Eastern Anatolia from about 850 B.C. to 600 B.C. Historical references and archaeological evidence indicate the considerable artistic and technical skill of the Urartian people. The supply of the kingdoms capital Tupa/Rusahinili with drinking and irrigation water is an outstanding example of a well-planned and excellently built historical inter-basin water management project. The system has been in operation for more than 2000 years and still serves, at least partly, its original purpose.  相似文献   

钢板弹簧疲劳分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

朱茂桃  熊梦锦  何志刚  张华俊  朱德江 《农业机械学报》2006,37(3):149-152

传统的钢板弹簧强度分析中,多是借助简化的力学模型,基于材料力学的小挠度梁的线弹性理论进行计算,计算中的假设条件和计算方法与钢板弹簧实际情况不尽相符,计算结果存在误差。在钢板弹簧的结构应力计算基础上,通过建立钢板弹簧装配及加载状态的精确有限元模型,并考虑片间的非线性接触,在交变载荷作用下,计算得到钢板弹簧接近实际工况的应力循环,然后利用其S N曲线,基于Miner线性累计损伤准则计算其疲劳寿命。通过钢板弹簧的实际疲劳试验,验证了模型计算结果的正确性。  相似文献   

小型潜水电泵的历史与发展趋势   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

袁寿其 《排灌机械》1994,12(1):3-10

回顾了国内外小型潜水电泵的发展历史；分析了现状与存在问题；探讨了今后的发展趋势。  相似文献   

不同温度下黄岗仓花蝽实验种群生命表     

文必然  邓望喜 《华中农业大学学报》1988,(2)

在五种不同恒温条件下,观察了黄岗仓花蝽各世代的存活率及成虫的繁殖力。结果表明,该虫的世代存活率及成虫的繁殖力均以28℃下的为最高,36℃下的为最低。进而根据不同温度条件下的实验数据,组建了该虫实验种群生命表,并用数学模型描述了温度与种群增长的关系,可用以预测该虫在不同温度下的种群增长趋势。  相似文献   

秸秆沼气化发电技术生命周期评估及经济分析   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

马国杰  朱琳影  张苗苗  赵肖玲  常春 《农业工程学报》2022,38(24):162-168

该研究基于生命周期评价方法和时间价值动态分析方法对沼气直燃发电技术、沼气燃料电池发电技术作可行性分析,并与燃煤发电技术相比,旨在综合评估三种发电技术在环境和经济上的特点,为发电方式选择提供参考依据。结果表明：沼气燃料电池发电技术环境效益最佳,总环境影响负荷为8.55×10^-4,沼气直燃发电技术总环境影响负荷为2.15×10^-2,两者相较于燃煤发电(2.97×10^-1)的减排量分别为99.71%和92.76%。在经济上,沼气直燃发电技术的投资回收期最短(12.03 a),运营期净现值可达1 361 246 Yuan/MW;其次是燃煤发电技术(14.5 a),净现值为423 933 Yuan/MW;沼气燃料电池发电技术动态回收期>20 a且未实现盈余。说明沼气直燃发电技术在近期内将仍是替代燃煤发电的最佳发电技术之一。  相似文献   

白居易的园林情结及其对传统私家园林的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

白丹  闫煜涛 《广东园林》2007,29(3):8-10

本文阐述了唐朝诗人白居易的园林情结,剖析其园林思想,并归纳他的“中隐”思想和朴实造园手法对传统私家园林产生的深远影响。  相似文献