湖北省水稻白叶枯病区域流行特点及其防治对策   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

许红 《华中农业大学学报》1993,12(5):433-437

本文根据湖北稻白叶病的发生发展史，结合湖北水稻种植区划，农业地理环境，气象要素等，将湖北稻白叶枯病的发生区域划分为四类，即江汉平原病害生态区，鄂东丘陵病害生态区，鄂中丘陵岗地病害生态区，鄂西山地病害生态区；着重分析了各病害生态区白叶枯病发生流行特点及原因，提出了相应的防治对策。  相似文献   

The prevalence and anatomical distribution of equine gastric ulceration syndrome (EGUS) in 201 horses in Denmark     

N. LUTHERSSON  K. HOU NIELSEN  P. HARRIS  T. D. H. PARKIN 《Equine veterinary journal》2009,41(7):619-624

Reasons for performing study: The prevalence (up to 93% in Thoroughbred racehorses) and severity of equine gastric ulceration syndrome (EGUS) have been correlated with the type of training and associated management practices. However, there have been few reports to confirm these findings in nonracehorses in Europe. Objectives: To describe the prevalence, anatomical distribution, severity and number of gastric ulceration lesions in a population of Danish pleasure horses; and to investigate differences for groups based on age, breed type and workload. Methods: A total of 201 horses not in active race‐training, age 7 months‐27 years, were evaluated, representing 23 different stables from all 5 regions of Denmark. These horses were considered to be healthy by the owner and not on veterinary treatment for EGUS. Endoscopically observed ulcer lesion scores were based on the number present (0–4) and severity (0–5). The presence or absence of ulcers in the glandular and/or nonglandular regions of the stomach was recorded and which site the most severe ulcers were found. Results: The prevalence of EGUS severity score ≥2 was 53%. The most severe lesions were commonly observed at the margo plicatus. Although older horses were not more likely to be affected by clinically significant EGUS they were more likely to have lesions in both the glandular and nonglandular regions. Differences in location of EGUS lesions were identified in different age groups, breed types and in horses exposed to different levels of work. Conclusion and potential relevance: This study confirms that gastric ulceration can be prevalent in a group of apparently clinically normal horses, not in intensive work. Further investigation of reasons for differences in EGUS location between different populations may aid toward the development of novel preventive measures.  相似文献   

Clinical dental examinations of 357 donkeys in the UK. Part 1: Prevalence of dental disorders     

N. du TOIT  F. A. BURDEN  P. M. DIXON 《Equine veterinary journal》2009,41(4):390-394

Reasons for performing study: Dental disorders have a high prevalence in older donkeys and horses, but the nature and pathogenesis of many of these disorders have yet to be established. Objectives: The identification and determination of the prevalence of important dental disorders in different age groups in a large single population of donkeys, to establish a better understanding of the nature and pathogenesis of these disorders. Methods: A prospective cross‐sectional study was performed on the donkey population at The Donkey Sanctuary with detailed oral examinations of 357 donkeys within 7 different age groups (age range 2–53 years) recorded. Results: The prevalence of dental disease in all donkeys was 73%, increasing in prevalence from 28% in the youngest to 98% in the oldest age group. There was an increase in prevalence of commonly recognised dental disorders with increasing age, such as: diastemata (3.8% in youngest to 86% in oldest group); missing teeth (0–56%); overgrown teeth (15–86%); worn teeth (8–84%); displaced teeth (0–38%); and periodontal disease (0–28%). Conclusions: There was a significant increase in the prevalence of dental disorders with increasing age with the largest significant increase for most dental disorders occurring in the 15–20 year age group. Potential significance: Most dental disorders significantly increase in prevalence in the 15–20 year age group and, therefore, prophylactic geriatric dental treatment in donkeys should be commenced from age 15 years.  相似文献   

Agroforestry potential of Dacryodes edulis in the oil palm-cassava belt of southeastern Nigeria     

I. O. O. Aiyelaagbe  A. O. Adeola  L. Popoola  K. O. Obisesan 《Agroforestry Systems》1998,39(3):263-274

Between June 1993 and June 1994, 112 farmers in the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis)-cassava (Manihot esclentus) belt of southeastern Nigeria were interviewed to determine the status and agroforestry potential of Dacryodes edulis. Between 50% and 100% of respondents in different states within the belt owned D. edulis trees. On average, a farmer owned 9.3 trees, the largest number being 16, by farmers in Imo State. Twenty percent of farmers in the system rated D. edulis their best farm tree. It was present in all the farm niches: homegardens (51.4%), tree crop plots (20.7%) food crop plots (11.4%), secondary forest/fallow (14.2%) and virgin forest (2.5%). The tree is planted primarily for home consumption and sale to generate cash. At the current densities, on-farm D. edulis trees generally did not decrease yield of companion crops or trees. Except for ring weeding around the stem, D. edulis trees received little or no management attention. More than 50% of the trees produced 33 to 50 kg of fruit tree⁻¹ annually. This is valued at US $0.4 to 0.8 kg⁻¹. Farmers were willing to plant more D. edulis trees provided trees with traits such as less height for easy harvesting of fruits, larger fruit, more fruits, sweeter fruits and year round production of fruits were available. Possible agroforestry technologies into which D. edulis may fit include live fences, scattered trees in food crop fields, shade trees in tree crop plots and contour bund or hedgerow planting. Research is required to determine best tree accessions, canopy management strategies, optimum tree population and improved methods on post- harvest handling of fruits. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Crayfish plague pathogen in invasive North American crayfish species in Hungary     

Kozubíková E  Puky M  Kiszely P  Petrusek A 《Journal of fish diseases》2010,33(11):925-929

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国内外口蹄疫的流行情况及防制   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

石慧  王仲兵  郑明学  田文霞  马海利  古少鹏  韩克光 《畜禽业》2009,(6):48-51

口蹄疫是一种高度传染性疾病,以传播迅速和发病率高而被国际兽医局列为法定报告动物疫病之首。该病不但严重危害畜牧业和经济,还对国家声誉、国际关系也有很大影响。本文在查阅近几年国内外有关口蹄疫文献的基础上,对其流行情况、防制策略等方面进行了总结,为该病的预防和控制提供参考和依据。  相似文献   

A long-term observation for ecology of pathogenic Yersinia in wild rodents living in Fukushima Prefecture,Japan     

Thi Hien BUI  Khanh Thuan NGUYEN  Shunsuke IKEUCHI  Haruka YANAGAWA  Yomogi SATO  Thi Hong To TRAN  Minato OKUMURA  Takeshi NIWA  Takahide TANIGUCHI  Hideki HAYASHIDANI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(11):1790

From 2012 to 2021, prevalence of pathogenic Yersinia in wild rodents captured in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan was investigated twice a year to clarify the ecology of this pathogen in wild rodent populations. Pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica O8 was isolated from 13 (1.7%) of 755 wild rodents. The Y. enterocolitica O8 isolates harbored three virulent genes (ail, fyuA, and virF). This pathogen was isolated repeatedly from wild rodents in April 2015, 2016, and 2017, in June and November 2020, and in April 2021, which was 6 of 19 times of observations. All Y. enterocolitica O8 isolates showed the same PFGE patterns. These results indicated that the same clone of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica O8 has been maintained in wild rodent populations in Fukushima Prefecture. Therefore, wild rodent populations contribute substantially to the continuous transmission of Y. enterocolitica O8 and its persistence in the ecosystem. This is the first report on the isolation of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica O8 in wild rodents in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan.  相似文献   

桂东北柑橘黄龙病发生蔓延的气象条件分析     

陈贵峰  邓明学  张社南  韦宗便  唐明丽 《中国果业信息》2016,45(6)

近年来,柑橘黄龙病在桂东北柑橘产区呈高发状态。该文通过对2008～2015年1～2月、5～7月和10～11月3个时期气象资料的统计分析,探索柑橘黄龙病发生蔓延的气象条件。结果显示,2009、2010年和2013～2015年5年为暖冬气候。特别是2013～2015年间,1～2月连续3年为暖冬气候、5～7月的南风大到暴雨次数达7次、10～11月平均温度仍处于柑橘新梢抽发的适宜值范围。为柑橘黄龙病传病媒介—柑橘木虱的越冬、迁移、增加食源创造了有利条件。因此,建议柑橘产区抓好1～2月、5～7月和10～11月这3个关键时期柑橘木虱的统防统治工作,控制柑橘黄龙病的传播蔓延。  相似文献   

Prevalence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi from large-scale cattle farms in Anhui Province, China     

Xinchao LIU  Li TANG  Wenchao LI  Charles LI  Youfang GU 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2022,84(1):40

To investigate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi from large-scale cattle farms in Anhui Province, 955 fecal samples were collected from 16 cattle farms from March to October 2018, which included six dairy farms (526), seven yellow cattle farms (323), and three water buffalo farms (106) in different regions of Anhui Province. PCR was conducted on all fecal samples using the 18S ribosomal RNA of Cryptosporidium spp. and internal transcribed spacer gene of E. bieneusi to detect these two pathogens, and the positive samples were sequenced and analyzed. The results showed that 23 (2.4%) and 40 (4.2%) out of the 955 samples were positive for Cryptosporidium spp. and E. bieneusi, respectively. There were 11 (2.1%), 10 (3.1%), and 2 (1.9%) positive samples of Cryptosporidium spp. and 16 (3.0%), 23 (7.1%), and 1 (0.9%) positive samples of E. bieneusi collected from dairy cattle, yellow cattle, and water buffalo, respectively, and no co-infection was identified in this study. All positive samples of Cryptosporidium spp. were C. andersoni with some variations. Ten E. bieneusi genotypes were obtained, including two known genotypes, J and CHN11, and eight new genotypes, named AHDC1 and AHYC1-7. The genotype CHN11 belonged to zoonotic Group 1, and the other nine genotypes belonged to Group 2, which is mainly documented in ruminants. These results indicated that Cryptosporidium spp. and E. bieneusi infections were present in large-scale cattle farms in Anhui Province. Therefore, attention should be paid to the development of containment strategies of these two pathogens in cattle.  相似文献   

Human and animal fasciolosis: Coprological survey in Narok,Baringo and Kisumu counties,Kenya     

Cornelius K. Kipyegen  Charles I. Muleke  Elick O. Otachi 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》2022,89(1)

Fasciolosis is caused by digenean trematodes of the genus Fasciola. The principal definitive hosts are cattle, sheep and goats. Humans are infected as accidental hosts. Fasciolosis is one of the major neglected tropical diseases and is considered an emerging zoonotic infection. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of human and domestic animal fasciolosis in selected counties in Kenya. Stool samples for Fasciola diagnosis were collected from humans and domestic animals and transported to the laboratory at Egerton University and processed using sedimentation technique and examined for the presence of eggs. A total of 272 human samples collected were all negative for Fasciola eggs. A total of 582 domestic animals (cattle [46.0%], sheep [29.9%] and goats [24.1%]) samples collected had overall prevalence of 30.9% for Fasciola infection. There was no significant differences (p > 0.05) between the prevalence of fasciolosis and origin of the animals, sex and season. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the prevalence of fasciolosis and domestic animals, age and body condition. The prevalence of fasciolosis was high in two irrigation schemes which favour the breeding of intermediate host snail and grazing of animals along the irrigation canals where metacercaria of Fasciola parasites could be present on the vegetation. Although human fasciolosis was not detected in this study, the presence of animal fasciolosis can pose public health risk because of its zoonotic nature. Therefore, it is important to introduce measures which would help to reduce the exposure of animals to Fasciola infection.  相似文献