Late blight resistance in a diploid full-sib potato family     

S. Costanzo    B. J. Christ  K. G. Haynes 《Plant Breeding》2004,123(4):377-381

Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, is the most destructive disease of potato worldwide. As this pathogen can rapidly overcome major race‐specific resistance genes, identifying the basis for enhanced quantitative resistance has become a crucial element for implementing advanced breeding strategies. A population of 230 full‐sib progeny derived from a cross between two diploid hybrid Solanum phureja × S. stenotomum clones was evaluated for foliage resistance against late blight in replicated trials at multiple locations in Pennsylvania between 1999 and 2002. In field experiments, plants were evaluated visually for per cent defoliation, and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was determined. The two parents and three control cultivars (‘Atlantic’, ‘Kennebec’ and ‘Katahdin’) were included in all trials. In all three experiments, the presence of a significant number of clones exhibiting transgressive segregation were observed. There were significant differences among environments as well as among clones, and the clone × environment interaction was also significant. Stability analysis revealed that 37 clones made a significant contribution to the overall environment × clone interaction. Broad‐sense heritability for resistance, measured as AUDPC, was estimated as 0.67. The overall results indicate the presence in this potato family of a high level of field resistance against late blight. This segregating diploid family appears to be a good candidate for quantitative trait loci mapping to identify and characterize the genetic components of partial late blight resistance.  相似文献   

Cryptic improvement for fertility by continuous selfing of diploid potatoes using Sli gene     

Chalermpol Phumichai  Kazuyoshi Hosaka 《Euphytica》2006,149(1-2):251-258

While a diploid potato was continuously selfed by a function of Sli gene, the level of heterozygosity reduced, and the fertility also reduced (inbreeding depression), which might be improved because continuous selfing could eliminate undesirable recessive alleles. To explore what was occurring as advancing self-generations in terms of fertility, 51 plants of an S₃ diploid potato family were evaluated for fertility-related traits and analyzed by RFLP markers. The level of heterozygosity was positively correlated with any of fertility-related traits (r = 0.108−0.333). At least six loci on six chromosome sections were associated with fertility-related quantitative trait loci (QTLs), of which three performed better in the heterozygotes and three in the homozygotes. By further continued selfing, QTLs performing better in heterozygotes were likely fixed to homozygotes with secondly better performance, and those performing better in homozygotes were fixed to the best genotypes. Thus, the selfed progenies were cryptically being improved for fertility by genetic fixation to the best or better genotypes in fertility-related QTLs.  相似文献   

鲢人工雌核二倍体群体的产生及其遗传分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

叶玉珍  吴清江  周建峰  王忠卫 《华中农业大学学报》2003,22(2):147-151

选用遗传失活兴国红鲤的精子作为雌核发育激活源 ,成功地诱导了鲢雌核发育并获得 3个自然加倍的雌核发育二倍体群体。鲢的单倍体诱导率最高达 96 .9% ,自然加倍率最高达 0 .4 4 3%。经分析鉴定 ,雌核发育单倍体胚胎具有 2 4条染色体。而鲢的染色体为 4 8,兴国红鲤为 10 0。雌核二倍体鲢都具有 2套完整的母本染色体 (2n =4 8) ,外部形态性状与亲本鲢完全相同。这些结果表明 ,雌核发育后代的遗传物质来源于母本 ,无父本遗传物质参与。  相似文献   

异源精子诱导栉孔扇贝雌核发育早期胚胎发育及其倍性分析     

王卫军  杨爱国  刘志鸿  周丽青 《上海水产大学学报》2007,16(5):414-420

采用紫外线遗传灭活的长牡蛎（Crassostrea gigas）精子作激活源,经6-DMAP加倍诱导栉孔扇贝（Chlamys farreri）第二极体抑制型雌核发育二倍体;运用荧光显微技术,对雌核发育二倍体卵子早期胚胎发育过程中的核相变化进行观察。结果显示,紫外线处理过的精子入卵后发生一次轻微膨胀,形成雄性原核,但不形成染色体,而是浓缩为致密的染色质小体（DCB）,DCB或滞留于两卵裂球的分裂沟上或进入其一的细胞质中,不与雌原核融合;雌核发育胚胎的发育速度明显滞缓,经6-DMAP处理后胚胎发育速度加快,发育同步化;在雌核发育二倍体诱导过程中,还观察到杂交体、异源三倍体、雌核发育单倍体、雌核发育四倍体。结果为异源精子诱导栉孔扇贝雌核发育提供了细胞学证据。  相似文献   

Population structure and linkage disequilibrium in diploid and tetraploid potato revealed by genome‐wide high‐density genotyping using the SolCAP SNP array     

Benjamin Stich  Claude Urbany  Per Hoffmann  Christiane Gebhardt 《Plant Breeding》2013,132(6):718-724

Genome‐wide association (GWA) mapping in potato requires high‐density genotyping. With the Illumina SolCAP potato single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, a first tool for GWA mapping in potato became available. Thirty‐six tetraploid varieties and eight diploid breeding clones were genotyped for 8303 SNPs using this array. The objectives of our study were to examine in this set of germplasm: (i) the degree of polymorphism of the SolCAP SNPs in European germplasm, (ii) the population structure, (iii) temporal trends of genetic diversity and (iv) the genome‐wide extent of linkage disequilibrium (LD). Three‐quarters of the SNPs were polymorphic. In the principal coordinate analysis, a clear separation of tetraploid from diploid genotypes was observed, whereas no distinct subgroups among the tetraploid varieties were detected. The nonlinear trendline of the LD measure vs. the physical map distance decayed within 275 bp to an value of 0.10, indicating that theoretically, about 3 million equally distributed SNPs are required for GWA mapping in this diverse set of germplasm. As the LD decay changes with the population selected for GWA mapping, the number of required markers might be different in other germplasm.  相似文献   

木薯及其同源四倍体基因组与DNA甲基化差异分析     

肖亮  周慧文  谢向誉  尚小红  陈松笔  严华兵 《热带作物学报》2018,39(5):833-839

为研究染色体加倍对木薯基因组的影响,以及多倍化与2种不同倍性木薯之间DNA碱基序列的变化的联系。本研究以木薯品种"新选048"二倍体及其同源四倍体为研究材料,使用微卫星(simple sequence repeat,SSR)、目标起始密码子多态性(stand codon targeted polymorphism,SCo T)和甲基化敏感扩增多态性(methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism,MSAP)技术分别对木薯倍性间的遗传差异、DNA甲基化水平和模式进行分析。结果表明:利用SCo T和SSR均未检测出多态性条带产生,利用MSAP技术可检测出在DNA甲基化水平和模式均发生较大改变。二倍体和同源四倍体的总甲基化率分别为60.21%、59.52%,全甲基化率分别为39.92%、41.42%,半甲基化率分别为20.29%、18.10%。木薯多倍化后,其中有27.30%的位点发生了过甲基化,四倍体有25.00%的位点表现出去甲基化。本研究结果为探究木薯倍性间遗传差异和表观遗传变化规律进行了前期探索。   相似文献   

一定光量子通量密度下不同倍性谷子光合因子日响应拟合模型的构建     

王晓宇  袁峰  郝晓芬  刘鑫  王雪梅  王根全  王节之 《中国农业大学学报》2018,23(6):15-23

为研究不同倍性谷子光合因子日响应差异,构建光量子通量密度确定的条件(1 200μmol/(m~2·s))下各生理指标之间的互作模型。以谷子栽培种普通二倍体(2x)晋谷21号及其同源四倍体(4x)诱变株系为材料,收集2013—2015年的光合因子数据,运用spss.18.0与microsoft mathematics v4.0对不同倍性谷子光合因子的响应关系进行相关分析和通径分析,得到参数间因变关系的决策系数(R~2)及模式方程。结果表明:1)不同倍性谷子叶片净光合速率(P_n)与胞间CO_2浓度(C_i)、蒸腾速率(E)和叶温(T)的关系较密切。剔除其他因子干扰,不同倍性谷子净光合速率均与叶温直接相关。叶温主要通过胞间CO_2浓度和蒸腾速率影响作物的净光合速率。空气相对湿度(RH)对净光合速率的直接影响较小,而气孔导度(G_s)对净光合速率的影响主要是通过影响胞间CO_2浓度来实现,其影响因子则主要是空气相对湿度。2)二倍体谷子光合因子间线性关系较为明显,而四倍体更多是相关因子协同作用的结果。本研究获得的模型可以准确拟合不同倍性谷子在一定光量子通量密度下光合因子的日响应。  相似文献   

基于最小平方误差的单倍体和二倍体分类方法研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李浩光  李卫军  覃鸿  陈绍江  刘金  李伟 《农业机械学报》2016,47(6):259-264

基于玉米油分的花粉直感效应,采用核磁共振鉴别单倍体,快速、准确、低成本地确定单倍体与二倍体之间的含油率阈值,是实现大批量自动鉴别的前提和关键。提出一种基于最小平方误差的单倍体和二倍体分类方法,通过少量籽粒确定含油率阈值的研究,对单倍体和二倍体进行识别。以10个玉米组合为研究对象,利用核磁共振分析仪测定各组合一定数量单倍体和二倍体籽粒的含油率,依据最小平方误差方法确定各组合油分阈值,并通过逐级递增训练集样本数量的方法,确定油分阈值所需训练集规模,获得含油率阈值,能够满足单倍体正确识别率及对二倍体正确拒识率的均值达到90%以上的要求,为核磁共振全自动单倍体鉴别系统的后期大规模分类提供参数指导,提高分选效率。同时因单倍体生产效率低,运用最小平方误差的方法,通过少量的单倍体及二倍体籽粒来构建油分鉴别单倍体模型,以较小的投入获得更优的分类效果在玉米单倍体自动化分选中具有非常重要的现实意义,将该分类方法应用到全自动核磁分选单倍体系统中,可以达到较好的效果,为加快单倍体工程化育种提供保障。  相似文献   

Vaccination and triploidy increase relative heart weight in farmed Atlantic salmon,Salmo salar L.          下载免费PDF全文

T W K Fraser  I Mayer  T Hansen  T T Poppe  J E Skjæraasen  E O Koppang  P G Fjelldal 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(2):151-160

Heart morphology is particularly plastic in teleosts and differs between farmed and wild Atlantic salmon. However, little is known about how different culture practices and sex affect heart morphology. This study investigated how vaccination, triploidy and sex affected heart size and heart morphology (ventricle shape, angle of the bulbus arteriosus) in farmed Atlantic salmon for 18 months following vaccination (from c. 50–3000 g body weight). In addition, hearts were examined histologically after 7 months in sea water. All fish sampled were sexually immature. Vaccinated fish had significantly heavier hearts relative to body weight and a more triangular ventricle than unvaccinated fish, suggesting a greater cardiac workload. Irrespective of time, triploids had significantly heavier hearts relative to body weight, a more acute angle of the bulbus arteriosus and less fat deposition in the epicardium than diploids. The ventricle was also more triangular in triploids than diploids at seawater transfer. Sex had transient effects on the angle of the bulbus arteriosus, but no effect on relative heart weight or ventricle shape. From a morphological perspective, the results indicate that vaccination and triploidy increase cardiac workload in farmed Atlantic salmon.  相似文献   

二倍体和同源四倍体西瓜的DNA甲基化差异分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

聂丽娟  王子成  王一帆  李国申  何艳霞 《核农学报》2009,23(1):80-84

为了解植物不同倍性之间的表现遗传差异,对3个西瓜（Citrullus lanatus）品种克西、中金和枚选的纯合二倍体和同源四倍体进行甲基敏感扩增多态性（MSAP）分析,10对引物共扩增546条带,其中,二倍体较同源四倍体材料之间有3条特异性条带,这些特异性条带无品种差异,系倍性不同所致。带型变化表明,同源四倍体较二倍体有DNA甲基化减少和单链增加现象,但从DNA甲基敏感多态性差异上来看,品种内二倍体和同源四倍体间的DNA甲基敏感多态性差异不大,仅0.02%左右。  相似文献