Effect of plant density in coupled aquaponics on the welfare status of African catfish,Clarias gariepinus     

Björn Baßmann  Harvey Harbach  Stephan Weißbach  Harry W. Palm 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2020,51(1):183-199

We investigated the effects of plant density on the welfare of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, in coupled aquaponics over 85 days. The moderate density (mpd) of basil, Ocimum basilicum, was compared with the high density (hpd) and control (n = 0). The behavior was analyzed by visual and video observations, and after the application of induced stressors, skin injuries, blood glucose, lactate, and plasma cortisol responses were considered. The hpd fish showed the least activity (control: visual 77.8%, video 81.6%; mpd: 74.6%, 82.6%; hpd: 63.2% [p < 0.05], 78.8%). High agonistic behavior (control: 5, 131; mpd: 4, 57; hpd: 1, 45) and the highest number of injuries (control: 3.9; mpd: 2.9; hpd: 3.4) were observed in the control. Glucose and lactate levels did not differ significantly (control: 5.5, 2.6 mmol/L; mpd: 5.6, 2.7 mmol/L; hpd: 5.3, 2.6 mmol/L); however, cortisol levels did (control: 18.8 ng/mL, mpd: 19.9 ng/mL, hpd: 25.8 ng/mL). pH adjustment led to additional stress, resulting in temporal cortisol alterations. While in the control and mpd, low cortisol levels were followed by acute responses and downregulation, the hpd fish showed prior elevation and lagged an acute response. However, comparing injuries and behavioral patterns with control, aquaponics with high basil density influenced African catfish positively.  相似文献   

Physiological response of temperature shocks in turbot and sole     

Atle Foss  Hans van de Vis  Wout Abbink  Bert Lambooij  Bjørn Roth 《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2019,31(1):34-47

In the present study, selected temperature drops were examined to investigate the effects of live chilling on stress and welfare in turbot and sole. This study demonstrated that rapid temperature drops from 11°C–12°C and 18°C–18.7°C to 4°C–0°C in turbot resulted in higher blood sodium and potassium at 0°C (164 mmol l^?1, 4.4 mmol ^?1) compared to 4°C (153 mmol l^?1, 3.1 mmol ^?1), indicating osmoregulatory disturbance. A rapid temperature drop from 18°C to 0°C in Senegal sole also resulted in higher blood sodium and potassium at 0°C (164 mmol l^?1, 4.8 mmol ^?1) compared to the control group at 18°C (157 mmol l^?1, 3.2 mmol ^?1). Based on present findings, we conclude that immersion in ice water will have a negative effect on the animal osmoregulatory capacity, and we recommend that turbot and sole are stunned before slaughter.  相似文献   

Starch availability in vitro and in vivo after flaking,steam-cooking and popping of wheat     

J. Holm  I. Björck  N.-G. Asp  L.-B. Sjöberg  I. Lundquist 《Journal of Cereal Science》1985,3(3):193-206

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Pulmonary gas exchange correlated to clinical signs and lung pathology in horses with chronic bronchiolitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

G Nyman  R Lindberg  D Weckner  M Bj?rk  C Kvart  S G Persson  H Gustafsson  G Hedenstierna 《Equine veterinary journal》1991,23(4):253-260

Eight horses (mean weight 438 kg) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were studied for clinical signs, ventilation/perfusion relationships (VA/Q) and lung morphology. Four horses were killed and necropsied after the study. In horses with COPD, minute ventilation was almost twice as high as normal, whereas PaO2 was significantly decreased. Cardiac output was normal, but pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance were significantly increased. The VA/Q distribution was abnormal with an increased scatter of VA/Q ratios. However, shunt (VA/Q = 0) was increased in one horse only. Ventilation of dead space and high VA/Q regions (VA/Q greater than 10) were increased markedly and comprised 74 per cent of minute ventilation. On lung biopsy, all horses showed chronic bronchiolitis with epithelial hyperplasia and metaplasia. Diffuse acinar hyperinflation also was evident at necropsy. There was a significant inverse correlation between the respiratory rate and the fractional ventilation of normal VA/Q regions. Also, there was a significant agreement between the extent of bronchiolar epithelial hyperplasia in necropsy specimens of lungs and the degree of ventilation of high VA/Q regions and dead space. The findings suggest that hyperinflation of the lung due to obstructed airways may be the common denominator of increased ventilation of high VA/Q regions and dead space ventilation and of elevated pulmonary artery pressure in horses with COPD from chronic bronchiolitis.  相似文献   

Detection of early osteoarthritis in the centrodistal joints of Icelandic horses: Evaluation of radiography and low‐field magnetic resonance imaging          下载免费PDF全文

C. J. Ley  S. Björnsdóttir  S. Ekman  A. Boyde  K. Hansson 《Equine veterinary journal》2016,48(1):57-64

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Effect of induced chronic atrial fibrillation on exercise performance in Standardbred trotters          下载免费PDF全文

Rikke Buhl  Helena Carstensen  Eva Zander Hesselkilde  Bjørg Zinkernagel Klein  Karen Margrethe Hougaard  Kirsten Bomberg Ravn  Ameli Victoria Loft‐Andersen  Merle Friederike Fenner  Christian Pipper  Thomas Jespersen 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2018,32(4):1410-1419

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Otolith size differences during early life of dwarf and cannibal Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus)          下载免费PDF全文

Bjørn Florø‐Larsen  Anders G. Finstad  Ole K. Berg  Per H. Olsen 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2016,25(2):203-210

In Arctic and alpine lakes, Arctic char [Salvelinus alpinus (L.)] often form two distinct morphs: invertebrate feeders (‘dwarfs’) and piscivores (‘giant or cannibals’). Here, we test for early life history growth variation in dimorphic Arctic char as a proximate explanation for the observed life history variation between the two forms. Char were sampled in 11 alpine and Arctic Norwegian lakes. Dwarfs (defined as sexually mature char less than 15 cm long; N = 304) had a mean total length of 105 mm, whereas the typical cannibal (body length above 20 cm; N = 153) was 388 mm long. A positive correlation between egg size and otolith hatching ring were ascertained in a separate hatching experiment with brown trout (Salmo trutta) and it is assumed that this relationship also is valid for Arctic char, and otolith size was used as a proxy for length. Otolith hatching ring from Arctic char cannibals was larger (mean ± SD; 187 ± 24 μm) than those from dwarfs (mean ± SD; 164 ± 23 μm). There were only minor size differences between dwarfs and cannibals during the next three years, after which dwarfs usually matured. Two mutually nonexclusive, proximate explanations for the differentiation into separate morphs (dwarfs and cannibals) are therefore maternal effects and/or genetic based differentiation. The high catchability of large piscivorous char and low production in alpine and Arctic lake ecosystems may make these stocks particularly vulnerable to overexploitation.  相似文献   

欧亚大陆地上森林凋落物的研究   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17  

刘春江  杨玉盛  马祥庆 《林业研究》2003,14(1):27-34

根据一个包括471个林分的森林凋落物数据库,本文对欧亚大陆森林生态系统的凋落物产量进行了估计。结果表明:欧亚大陆森林生态系统凋落物产量为每年6.53 Pg (1 Pg = 1015g),其中二分之一发生在热带和亚热带森林,三分之一发生在寒带森林,剩余的发生在温带森林。因此,在欧亚大陆森林生态系统中,森林凋落物每年从森林植被转移大约2.94 Pg 碳到土壤亚系统。表3参18。 关键词:碳流动;欧亚大陆森林;森林凋落物  相似文献   

Über die Natur der Mykorrhizabildung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Waldbäume und die Anwendung in der forstlichen Praxis     

E. BjöRkman 《European Journal of Forest Research》1956,75(9-10):265-286

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Separation of selenium, zinc, and copper compounds in bovine whey using size exclusion chromatography linked to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry     

Hoac T  Lundh T  Purup S  Onning G  Sejrsen K  Akesson B 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(10):4237-4243

To study the role of trace elements for the quality and nutritional value of bovine milk, the distribution of selenium, zinc, and copper in whey was investigated using a method linking size exclusion chromatography to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SEC-ICP-MS). Three major peaks were detected for selenium, two peaks for zinc, and five peaks for copper. More than 65% of the selenium was found in protein fractions, mainly in fractions coinciding with the major whey proteins beta-lactoglobulin and alpha-lactalbumin. All zinc was associated with low molecular weight compounds (<5 kDa) and one of these compounds was probably citrate. More than 60% of the copper eluted in protein fractions and two of the five major peaks probably contained metallothionein and citrate. This method was used to compare milk and whey produced by organic and conventional feeding procedures. The selenium content in whey and desalted milk produced using organic regimens was significantly lower than that in conventional samples. Moreover, the proportion of selenium in protein fractions of organic whey was significantly smaller than that in conventional whey, but the distributions of zinc and copper did not differ. This study showed that with the SEC-ICP-MS technique the distribution profiles of several trace elements in whey could be studied in the same run and that the selenium profile differed in whey produced by organic and conventional procedures.  相似文献