Disposition kinetics and urinary excretion of ciprofloxacin in goats following single intravenous administration     

R. Raina  S. Prawez  D.J. Dimitrova  N.K. Pankaj  P.K. Verma 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2008,9(3):241-245

We evaluated the pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in serum (n = 6) and urine (n = 4) in goats following a single intravenous administration of 4 mg/kg body weight. The serum concentration-time curves of ciprofloxacin were best fitted by a two-compartment open model. The drug was detected in goat serum up to 12 h. The elimination rate constant (β) and elimination half-life (t_1/2β) were 0.446 ± 0.04 h^-1 and 1.630 ± 0.17 h, respectively. The apparent volume of distribution at steady state (Vd_ss) was 2.012 ± 0.37 l/kg and the total body clearance (Cl_B) was 16.27 ± 1.87 ml/min/kg. Urinary recovery of ciprofloxacin was 29.70% ± 10.34% of the administered dose within 36 h post administration. In vitro serum protein binding was 41% ± 13.10%. Thus, a single daily intravenous dose of 4 mg/kg is sufficient to maintain effective levels in serum and for 36 h in urine, allowing treatment of systemic, Gram-negative bacterial infections and urinary tract infections by most pathogens.  相似文献   

利血平增敏法检测环丙沙星药物残留的研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

陈曦  朱良强  祁克宗  李娜 《中国畜牧兽医》2008,35(5):89-92

为了解环丙沙星对金黄色葡萄球菌（金葡菌）的抗菌活性及利血平对其抗菌活性的影响,采用对倍稀释浓度琼脂平板法测定抗菌药物的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)值,同法测定利血平对环丙沙星对金葡菌MIC值的影响。结果表明利血平增强了环丙沙星的抗菌活性,增大了环丙沙星抑制金葡菌的抑菌圈直径,提高了环丙沙星在组织中检测的灵敏度。我们研究发现利血平加入后中心浓度由0.5 μl/ml变为0.0625 μl/ml,最低检测限由0.125 μg/ml降低到0.015625 μg/ml。  相似文献   

洛美沙星对实验性鸡葡萄球菌病的药效研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

方炳虎  王志强  陈杖榴  冯淇辉 《中国兽医学报》1999,19(1):52-54

为了探讨国内新近研制的氟喹诺酮类长半减期药物洛美沙星（Ｌｏｍｅｆｌｏｘａｃｉｎ）对鸡葡萄球菌病的疗效进行了本研究。以试管２倍稀释法测定洛美沙星及对照药对金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度，然后用洛美沙星、环丙沙星、恩诺沙星进行饮水给药５ｄ的疗效试验。结果表明，洛美沙星、环丙沙星、恩诺沙星、诺氟沙星、红霉素对鸡金黄色葡萄球菌Ｃ５６０１１株的最小抑菌浓度分别为１．０、０．１２５、０．２５、１．０、３２ｍｇ／Ｌ。２５、５０、１００ｍｇ／Ｌ洛美沙星饮水给药对鸡葡萄球菌病的治愈率分别为６６．７％、８０％、７６．７％，有效率分别为９０％、９６．７％、９６．７％。５０ｍｇ／Ｌ环丙沙星、恩诺沙星的治愈率则分别为７６．７％、８０％，有效率分别为９３．３％、９６．７％。５０、１００ｍｇ／Ｌ洛美沙星及５０ｍｇ／Ｌ恩诺沙星３个饮水给药组鸡的增重显著高于感染对照组。  相似文献   

不同温度和pH对恩诺沙星及其代谢产物环丙沙星在渔业下层水体中消除规律的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

黄铢玉  方龙香  宋超  Mussa Ramadhan Said  杨光  李天  陈家长 《中国农学通报》2020,36(21):132-139

抗生素进入水体易堆积在水体下层或者底泥中,对水生生物造成不良影响,因此本实验旨在探究恩诺沙星在渔业下层水体中的消除规律,以及代谢产物环丙沙星的生成情况。实验选取了渔业水环境中常见的环境因素（温度和pH）,利用液相色谱-串联质谱法,通过正交实验研究这两个环境因素对恩诺沙星(ENR)在水体中降解的影响,同时检测其代谢产物环丙沙星(CIP)的生成及变化情况。实验结果表明,9个处理组中ENR的半衰期变化范围为13~32天,消除率范围为44%~80%。根方差分析可知,pH变化对恩诺沙星的降解有显著影响,而温度变化对其影响不显著,在温度为25℃和pH 5的条件下,恩诺沙星的消除率最高。此外,在实验过程中检测到环丙沙星的产生,其在实验开始的第7天,在pH 5和温度为25℃的条件下浓度达到最高(10.8 ng/mL),之后逐渐降低,在第26天时浓度降低到0~0.16 ng/mL之间。本研究明确了环境因素对恩诺沙星降解的影响,为减少养殖环境中残留的恩诺沙星提供一定的理论指导。  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics and tissue residues of enrofloxacin in the largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) after oral administration     

Qi Shan  Jingxin Wang  Guangming Zheng  Xinping Zhu  Yuanhao Yang  Lisha Ma  Cheng Zhao  Lichun Li  Yi Yin 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2020,43(2):147-152

The study was carried out to evaluate the pharmacokinetic disposition of enrofloxacin (ENF) with a single dose of 20 mg/kg after oral administration in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) at 28°C. The concentrations of ENF and of its metabolite ciprofloxacin (CIP) in plasma, liver, and muscle plus skin in natural proportions were determined using HPLC. The concentration–time data for ENF in plasma were best described by a two-compartment open model. After oral administration, the maximum ENF concentration (C_max) of 10.99 μg/ml was obtained at 0.60 hr. The absorption half-life (T_1/2Ka) of ENF was calculated to be 0.07 hr whereas the elimination half-life (T_1/2β) of the drug was 90.79 hr. The estimates of area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) and apparent volume of distribution (Vd/F) were 1,185.73 μg hr/ml and 2.21 L/kg, respectively. ENF residues were slowly depleted from the liver and muscle plus skin of largemouth bass with the T_1/2β of 124.73 and 115.14 hr, respectively. Very low levels of ciprofloxacin were detected in the plasma and tissues. A withdrawal time of 24 days was necessary to ensure that the residues of ENF + CIP in muscle plus skin were less than the maximal residue limit (MRL) of 100 μg/kg established by the European Union.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics of Enrofloxacin and Its Metabolite Ciprofloxacin in Male and Female Turkeys following Intravenous and Oral Administration     

Dimitrova DJ  Lashev LD  Yanev SG  Pandova VT 《Veterinary research communications》2006,30(4):415-422

The pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin (EFL) was investigated in turkeys (6 male and 6 female; 7-month-old at the start of the experiment), after intravenous and oral administration at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight. The serum concentrations of EFL and its active metabolite ciprofloxacin (CFL) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The serum concentrations vs time were analysed by a compartmental analysis. The mean values of EFL pharmacokinetic parameters showed differences only between values of V_d,ss (3.46±0.19 for the females and 4.53±0.11 L/kg for the males, p>0.05). The metabolite CFL was eliminated more slowly than its parent compound. There were no statistically significant differences between the values of the CFL pharmacokinetic parameters calculated for both sexes, excluding the higher values (p>0.05) of C_max in the females. The ratio AUC_CFL/AUC_EFL×100 was 4.4% in the male and 6.84% in the female birds. After oral administration of EFL the values of F(%) were 77.83 in the female and 79.61 in the male turkeys. Higher CFL serum concentrations were measured in females (p>0.05). The pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in turkeys can be characterized as similar to that in chickens and very similar between both sexes.  相似文献   

兽用缓释乳酸环丙沙星注射液的体外抑菌试验     

黄迪海  秦卓明 《中国兽药杂志》2012,46(7):16-17

研究兽用缓释乳酸环丙沙星注射液的体外抑菌活性。采用常量肉汤稀释法,分别测定了缓释乳酸环丙沙星注射液和乳酸环丙沙星注射液以及恩诺沙星注射液在24 h和30 h对16株细菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。缓释乳酸环丙沙星、乳酸环丙沙星和恩诺沙星的MIC范围在24 h的MIC范围分别为0.125～0.5μg/mL、0.167～0.5μg/mL和0.25～4.0μg/mL;在30 h分别为0.125～0.667μg/mL、0.25～1.0μg/mL和0.416～8.0μg/mL。缓释乳酸环丙沙星与乳酸环丙沙星和恩诺沙星相比,前者在实验室具有较好的抑菌活性和较长的维持时间。  相似文献   

环丙沙星残留对土壤细菌数量及耐药性的影响     

马驿 《中国兽药杂志》2012,46(5):25-28

为了解环丙沙星在环境中残留对土壤细菌的影响,在环丙沙星作用于土壤后第35天,对纯培养法分离的土壤细菌进行了计数,并对土壤细菌进行了抗菌药物敏感性试验。结果表明,添加药物组的细菌总数均低于对照组,且药物浓度越高,细菌数量越少;在供试的20种抗菌药中,环丙沙星敏感菌对其中的12种药物的敏感性与环丙沙星耐药菌差异不显著(P>0.05)。  相似文献   

牛奶中环丙沙星残留的微生物学检测方法研究     

刘秀丽  郝永清  斯琴  包青山  苏日娜 《动物医学进展》2009,30(3)

以藤黄微球菌(标准号28001)为工作菌,用圆滤纸片法测定环丙沙星在牛奶中的残留.结果表明,环丙沙星在牛奶中的最低检测限为 0.08 μg/mL.该方法精密度良好,变异系数小于15%,操作简便,不需特殊设备,样品用量少,易于推广,适用于环丙沙星的半定量分析.  相似文献   

盐酸环丙沙星在子宫内膜炎奶牛乳腺排泄的研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

陶金忠  杨国林  赵兴绪  李剑勇  李世宏 《动物医学进展》2008,29(2):6-9

通过子宫内灌注盐酸环丙沙星,采用内标法以反相高效液相色谱法测定了4头患子宫内膜炎的奶牛乳汁中盐酸环丙沙星的药物浓度。研究表明,在奶牛给药后0 h~24 h,血药浓度大于乳药浓度,在24 h后,乳药浓度大于血药浓度。在48 h内盐酸环丙沙星的乳药浓度值均高于MIC值,所以仍具有抑菌作用,这对乳房炎的治疗具有重要意义。  相似文献