The first report of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia in farmed rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), in the United Kingdom     

Stone DM  Ferguson HW  Tyson PA  Savage J  Wood G  Dodge MJ  Woolford G  Dixon PF  Feist SW  Way K 《Journal of fish diseases》2008,31(10):775-784

Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) was diagnosed in rainbow trout in the UK in May 2006. VHS virus (VHSV) was isolated from fingerlings showing typical histopathological lesions at a single rainbow trout farm site experiencing high mortality. The virus was confirmed as VHSV by serological and molecular biological tests. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete glycoprotein gene sequence revealed that the isolate was closely related (99% nucleotide identity) to several Danish isolates from 1991 to 2000 and was assigned to VHSV genogroup Ia. The pathogenicity of the isolate was determined in infection experiments using rainbow trout fry. Following waterborne challenge, cumulative mortalities reached 96.67-100% by 12 days post-infection. This represents the first isolation of a pathogenic freshwater VHSV in the UK.  相似文献   

Antimicrobial therapy in neonatal foals     

K. T. T. Corley  A. R. Hollis 《Equine Veterinary Education》2009,21(8):436-448

There are several differences in treatment of neonatal foals with antimicrobials, compared to mature horses. Firstly, the dose of many antimicrobials is different in the foal. For orally administered drugs, this may also affect their efficacy, due to different enteral absorption. Secondly, neonatal foals are not yet hindgut fermentors and this allows antimicrobials with a high propensity to cause colitis in mature horses to be used. Thirdly, toxicities are different and some antimicrobials used in mature horses, such as enrofloxacin, are not suitable for use in foals. Foal-specific information is therefore needed for their safe and effective treatment with antimicrobials.  相似文献   

Haemolytic anaemia associated with Theileria sp. in an orphaned platypus     

AE Kessell  JG Boulton  GJ Dutton  R Woodgate  S Shamsi  A Peters  JH Connolly 《Australian veterinary journal》2014,92(11):443-449

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Factors controlling the early stages of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia epizootics: low exposure levels, virus amplification and fish-to-fish transmission     

Hershberger PK  Gregg JL  Grady CA  Hart LM  Roon SR  Winton JR 《Journal of fish diseases》2011,34(12):893-899

Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus, Genogroup IVa (VHSV), was highly infectious to Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii (Valenciennes), even at exposure doses occurring below the threshold of sensitivity for a standard viral plaque assay; however, further progression of the disease to a population‐level epizootic required viral amplification and effective fish‐to‐fish transmission. Among groups of herring injected with VHSV, the prevalence of infection was dose‐dependent, ranging from 100%, 75% and 38% after exposure to 19, 0.7 and 0.07 plaque‐forming units (PFU)/fish, respectively. Among Pacific herring exposed to waterborne VHSV (140 PFU mL^?1), the prevalence of infection, geometric mean viral tissue titre and cumulative mortality were greater among cohabitated herring than among cohorts that were held in individual aquaria, where fish‐to‐fish transmission was prevented. Fish‐to‐fish transmission among cohabitated herring probably occurred via exposure to shed virus which peaked at 680 PFU mL^?1; shed virus was not detected in the tank water from any isolated individuals. The results provide insights into mechanisms that initiate epizootic cascades in populations of wild herring and have implications for the design of VHSV surveys in wild fish populations.  相似文献   

Development of an aquatic pathogen database (AquaPathogen X) and its utilization in tracking emerging fish virus pathogens in North America     

Emmenegger EJ  Kentop E  Thompson TM  Pittam S  Ryan A  Keon D  Carlino JA  Ranson J  Life RB  Troyer RM  Garver KA  Kurath G 《Journal of fish diseases》2011,34(8):579-587

The AquaPathogen X database is a template for recording information on individual isolates of aquatic pathogens and is freely available for download (http://wfrc.usgs.gov). This database can accommodate the nucleotide sequence data generated in molecular epidemiological studies along with the myriad of abiotic and biotic traits associated with isolates of various pathogens (e.g. viruses, parasites and bacteria) from multiple aquatic animal host species (e.g. fish, shellfish and shrimp). The cataloguing of isolates from different aquatic pathogens simultaneously is a unique feature to the AquaPathogen X database, which can be used in surveillance of emerging aquatic animal diseases and elucidation of key risk factors associated with pathogen incursions into new water systems. An application of the template database that stores the epidemiological profiles of fish virus isolates, called Fish ViroTrak, was also developed. Exported records for two aquatic rhabdovirus species emerging in North America were used in the implementation of two separate web-accessible databases: the Molecular Epidemiology of Aquatic Pathogens infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (MEAP-IHNV) database (http://gis.nacse.org/ihnv/) released in 2006 and the MEAP- viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (http://gis.nacse.org/vhsv/) database released in 2010.  相似文献   

斑点叉尾鮰暴发性败血症病原的分离与鉴定   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

苏应兵邹桂伟  袁科平郑蓓蓓 艾晓辉 《淡水渔业》2006,36(5):37-41

从3尾表现出血症状的患病斑点叉尾鮰（lctalurus Punctatus）体内各分离出一株病菌，测定结果显示致其急性死亡的致病菌为温和气单胞菌（Aeromonas sobria），慢性死亡的致病菌分别为嗜水气单胞菌（A．hydrophila）和温和气单胞菌（A．sobria）。药敏试验结果表明：3株菌对广谱抗生素如氨苄青霉素、青霉素、先锋霉素Ⅵ和红霉素等已产生耐药性，而对菌必治、头孢肤肟和复达欣等高度敏感；菌株Jh-1和菌株Yh-3对复方新诺明、四环素、氟哌酸和丁胺卡那霉素高度敏感，而菌株Jh-2却低度敏感；环丙沙星和诺氟沙星对3株致病菌均具较好的抑菌、杀菌作用。  相似文献   

Molecular Variability among Strains of Pasteurella multocida Isolated from an Outbreak of Haemorrhagic Septicaemia in India     

Biswas A  Shivachandra SB  Saxena MK  Kumar AA  Singh VP  Srivastava SK 《Veterinary research communications》2004,28(4):287-298

The applicability of conventional and molecular methods for rapid detection and differentiation of Pasteurella multocida serogroup B isolates involved in an outbreak of haemorrhagic septicaemia affecting Indian buffaloes, was studied. Five isolates were obtained and were subjected to phenotypic and genotypic characterization. None of the five isolates could be differentiated on the basis of cultural, biochemical, pathogenicity and antimicrobial sensitivity patterns. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based techniques were found to be specific and sensitive for rapid detection and differentiation of isolates. Repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP-) PCR, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC-) PCR and single-primer PCR differentiated all the five isolates into different profiles. All the isolates involved in the outbreak were found to have a genetic profile different from standard P. multocida strain (P52). However, three isolates had similar profiles, whereas each of the remaining two had a different profile. The study indicates the involvement of multiple strains of P. multocida in a single outbreak of haemorrhagic septicaemia in buffaloes. The results also indicate that molecular methods of detection and typing are superior to conventional methods for rapid epidemiological investigations of haemorrhagic septicaemia.  相似文献   

Temporary protection of rainbow trout gill epithelial cells from infection with viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus IVb          下载免费PDF全文

L Al‐Hussinee  PH Pham  S Russell  L Tubbs  C Tafalla  NC Bols  B Dixon  JS Lumsden 《Journal of fish diseases》2016,39(9):1099-1112

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Persistence of viral RNA in fish infected with VHSV-IVb at 15°C and then moved to warmer temperatures after the onset of disease     

Goodwin AE  Merry GE  Noyes AD 《Journal of fish diseases》2012,35(7):523-528

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革胡子鲶出血性败血症病原菌的分离鉴定   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王玉娟  王秀华  曲宪成  朱岩松  黄倢 《淡水渔业》2012,42(3):32-37

从暴发性死亡的革胡子鲶(Clarias gariepinus)中分离出可疑病原菌株2010111403(简称1403),分别采用细菌全细胞脂肪酸鉴定系统、Biolog微生物自动鉴定系统及细菌16 S rDNA序列分析三种方法对其鉴定,结果表明菌株1403为嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)。分离菌株对健康革胡子鲶致病性测试表明其对革胡子鲶的半数致死剂量(LD50)为6.32×106菌落形成单位(CFU);实验感染革胡子鲶出现与自然发病相似症状,表明菌株1403是引起革胡子鲶发生暴发性死亡的主要致病病原。药敏试验表明,庆大霉素、四环素、阿奇霉素、氟哌酸、先锋霉素等9种抗生素对分离菌株有较强的抑制作用,但分离菌株对复方新诺明、克林霉素、罗红霉素等4种药物表现出耐药性。  相似文献