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Comparative Expression Analysis of Gametogenesis‐Associated Genes in Foetal and Adult Bubaline (Bubalus bubalis) Ovaries and Testes 
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下载免费PDF全文 SM Shah N Saini S Ashraf M Zandi MK Singh RS Manik SK Singla P Palta MS Chauhan 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(3):365-377
This study was conducted to identify and analyse the expression of gametogenesis‐associated genes and proteins in foetal and adult buffalo gonads of both the sexes. Relative quantification of the genes was determined by qPCR and Western blotting. Immunohistochemistry was also performed for various gametogenesis‐associated proteins in foetal and adult gonads of both the sexes. We observed significantly (p < 0.05) increased expression of primordial germ cell‐specific, meiotic as well as genes associated with oocyte maturation and development in foetal ovaries as compared to the adult ones. However, significantly (p < 0.05) increased expression of proteins associated with oocyte maturation like GDF9 and ZP4 was found in adult ovaries, indicating temporal regulation of mRNA translation during oogenesis. Meiotic genes showed significantly (p < 0.05) increased expression in adult testes as compared to foetal testes and ovaries, indicating onset of meiosis at a later stage in spermatogenesis. In general, the expression of primordial germ cell‐associated as well as meiotic genes was higher in adult testes, indicating the increased biological activity in the organ. Immunohistochemistry revealed localized expression of gametogenesis‐associated proteins in ovarian follicles and seminiferous tubules of testes, while the surrounding somatic tissues were devoid of these proteins. The study gives an understanding of the sequential and temporal events of gene expression as well as mRNA translation during male and female gametogenesis. It could also be concluded that follicles and seminiferous tubules are the functional units of the female and male gonads, respectively, and their function could be enhanced by appropriate chemical and genetic intervention of the somatic tissue immediately surrounding them. This assumes importance in the context that buffalo attains sexual maturity at an older age of 2–3 years and have smaller ovaries with lesser number of primordial follicles in comparison with cattle, which is suggested to be the main reason of their poor breeding performance. 相似文献
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Emily R. Grace Mojgan Rabiey Ville-Petri Friman Robert W. Jackson 《Plant pathology》2021,70(9):1987-2004
Trees and woody plants can be attacked by many pests and pathogens either individually or as polymicrobial infections. In particular, infections caused by tree-specific bacterial pathogens have become more common during the last decade, causing serious concern for important tree and woody plant species in horticulture, urban environments, and forests. For example, Xylella and Pseudomonas bacteria are causing significant economic and ecological devastation throughout Europe in olive, cherry, and other stone fruits, mainly because of lack of efficient control methods and the emergence of bacterial resistance to traditional antimicrobial compounds such as copper and antibiotics. Hence, there is an urgent need for innovative approaches to tackle bacterial plant diseases. One way to achieve this could be through the application of biological control, which offers a more environmentally friendly and targeted approach for pathogen management. This review will explore recent advances in use of pathogen-specific viruses, bacteriophages (or phages), for the biocontrol of bacterial tree diseases. Phages are an important component of plant microbiomes and are increasingly studied in plant pathogen control due to their highly specific host ranges and ability to selectively kill only the target pathogenic bacteria. However, their use still poses several challenges and limitations, especially in terms of managing the bacterial diseases of long-lived trees. A particular insight will be given into phage research focusing on controlling Pseudomonas syringae pathovars, Erwinia amylovora, Xanthomonas species, Ralstonia solanacearum, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Recent milestones, current challenges, and future avenues for phage therapy in the management of tree diseases are discussed. 相似文献
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Suzy V. Wood Norbert Maczey Amanda F. Currie Alyssa J. Lowry Mojgan Rabiey Carol A. Ellison Robert W. Jackson Alan C. Gange 《Weed Research》2021,61(1):35-44
The annual plant Impatiens glandulifera (Himalayan balsam) is the most widespread invasive non‐native weed in the British Isles. Manual control is widely used, but is costly and laborious. Recently, biological control using the rust fungus Puccinia komarovii var. glanduliferae has been trialled. We designed an experiment to assess the impact of these control methods on invertebrate communities in relation to unmanaged and uninvaded habitats, and to determine whether mycorrhizal inoculation aided post‐control recovery of these communities. Sixty invaded and twenty uninvaded field soil blocks were transplanted to the experiment site, where a mycorrhizal inoculum was added to half of all blocks. Biological and mechanical control treatments were applied to twenty invaded blocks independently; the twenty remaining invaded blocks were left intact. Above‐ and belowground invertebrate samples were collected from the blocks at the end of the growing season. Overall, aboveground invertebrate abundance increased with the removal of I. glandulifera, and several groups showed signs of recovery within one growing season. The effect of mechanical control was more variable in belowground invertebrates. Biological control did not affect aboveground invertebrate abundance but resulted in large increases in populations of belowground Collembola. Our experiment demonstrates that mechanical removal of I. glandulifera can cause rapid increases in invertebrate abundance and that its biological control with P. komarovii var. glanduliferae also has the potential to benefit native invertebrate communities. 相似文献
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Azari O Babaei H Derakhshanfar A Nematollahi-Mahani SN Poursahebi R Moshrefi M 《Veterinary research communications》2011,35(4):211-222
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of transplanted Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs) of caprine
umbilical cord on cutaneous wound healing process in goat. After collection of caprine pregnant uterus of mixed breed goats
from abattoir, the Wharton’s jelly (WJ) of umbilical cord was harvested. The tissues were minced in ventilated flasks and
explant culture method was used for separating mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The isolated cells were immunostained for Actin
protein, histochemically assayed for the presence of alkaline phosphatase activity, and analyzed for detection of matrix receptors
(CD44) and hematopoetic lineage markers (CD34), using flow cytometery. After The isolated cells, 3 × 106 MSCs were stained with BrdU and prepared for transplantation to each wound. Four 3-cm linear full thickness skin incisions
were made on both sides of thoracic vertebrate of four Raeini goats (two wounds on each side). The left wounds were implanted
with MSCs in 0.6 ml of Phosphate buffer saline (PBS), and the right wounds considered as control group that received 0.6 ml
of PBS. The samples were taken from the wounds 7 and 12 days after the wounding, and healing process was compared histologically
between the two groups. Anti-BrdU staining showed that the transplanted cells were still alive in the wound bed during the
study. The histopathological study revealed that re-epithelialization was complete at days 7 in treated wounds with WJMSCs,
whereas in control wound the wounds still showed incomplete epithelialization 12 days after wounding. Also, microscopic evaluation
showed less inflammation, thinner granulation tissue formation with minimum scar in the treated wounds in comparison with
control wounds. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the beneficial effect of caprine WJMSCs in cutaneous wound healing
in goat. 相似文献
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Mostafakamal Shams Massoumeh Abbassi Niasar Ehsan Zandi Esfahan 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(8):1115-1124
Different amounts of nitrogen (N) and copper (Cu) in the forms of urea and copper sulfate (CuSO4·5H2O) were applied and their effects on diosgenin production and dry matter yield in fenugreek were investigated under farm cultivation conditions. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to analyze diosgenin content. Diosgenin contents were measured in 25, 45 and 65 day-old leaves and in leaves at flowering stage and in fruits. The maximum diosgenin content was obtained in 45 day-old leaves. The results showed that simultaneous addition of Cu and N and the level of supply had significant effects on diosgenin production in leaves, fruits and dry matter yield. Simultaneous use of urea (100 kg ha?1) and copper sulfate (30 kg ha?1) increased diosgenin production and dry matter yield in 45 day-old leaves for 7.72 and 1.32 times, respectively, compared to unfertilized control group. But, the use of higher amounts of urea and copper showed a decrease in diosgenin production. 相似文献
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Copper and quaternary ammonium compound distributions across lumber and amounts of available or soluble components were measured in coated and uncoated alkaline copper quat-treated southern pine lumber. Lumber that was not exposed to weathering had slightly higher copper retention near the surface and a steeper quat gradient. After 3?years of natural weathering, copper and quat leachings were significantly reduced by the coatings and leaching rates were low, even though the coatings were failing. The amounts of soluble copper were significantly reduced after weathering, even after accounting for the copper leached during the exposure. The relative amount of soluble monoethanolamine (Mea) remaining after weathering was low compared with copper. This reduction in soluble amine in the wood was most likely responsible for the reduced amounts of available copper. The reduced quat leaching from coated samples is attributed to the extended effectiveness of the coatings in the earlywood. 相似文献
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Sohani NZ Shishehbor P Kocheili F 《Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS》2008,11(7):1015-1020
Laboratory experiments were conducted to measure the functional and numerical responses of Eretmocerus mundus Mercet parasitizing cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius. Parasitoids were isolated singly for 24 h in 5 cm petri dishes with either 5, 10, 20, 40, 60 or 100 second nymphal stages of B. tabaci. Results showed a typical type II functional response, with up to 43.2 hosts attacked when 100 hosts were provided. The rate of attack and handling time were 0.0465 and 0.3341 days, respectively. At above mentioned densities, the parasitoids lived an average of approximately 4 days. At host densities of < or =20 host/day, the total number of eggs laid was limited by the number of hosts available. Total fecundity was highest with an average of 196 eggs/female at density 100. 相似文献
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Fatemeh Zandi Fatemeh Goshadrou Anna Meyfour Behrouz Vaziri 《Iranian Biomedical Journal》2021,25(4):226
Viruses are obligatory intracellular parasites that use cell proteins to take the control of the cell functions in order to accomplish their life cycle. Studying the viral-host interactions would increase our knowledge of the viral biology and mechanisms of pathogenesis. Studies on pathogenesis mechanisms of lyssaviruses, which are the causative agents of rabies, have revealed some important host protein partners for viral proteins, especially for most studied species, i.e. RABV. In this review article, the key physical lyssavirus-host protein interactions, their contributions to rabies infection, and their exploitation are discussed to improve the knowledge about rabies pathogenesis. Key Words: Host-Pathogen Interactions, Lyssavirus, Rabies 相似文献