Aerosol therapy in the equine species     

D.H. Duvivier  D. Votion  S. Vandenput  P. Lekeux 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》1997,154(3):189-202

Inhalation therapy plays an increasing role in the management of equine respiratory disorders. Thisalternative to systematic treatment permits a high concentration of medication to act locally while minimizing side effects and residues. In human medicine, literature in this field is prolific and continuously renewed, whereas in veterinary medicine, applications of aerosol therapy are less extensive. This review considers the principles of action of the different types of devices used for inhalation, i.e., nebulization, metered-dose inhalation and dry powder inhalation, describes the technical and practical requirements for their use in the equine species and considers the advantages and disadvantages of each inhalation device. The pharmacological agents currently administered to horses by inhalation are also discussed. Perspectives of aerosol therapy in the equine species, including aerosols already used in human medicine and their potential applications for horses are described.  相似文献   

Vaccination of dogs with multi-component vaccines     

DH DAVIES  S. PIDFORD 《Australian veterinary journal》1991,68(5):183-184

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Synthesis of Novel Thin-Film Materials by Pulsed Laser Deposition     

DH Lowndes  DB Geohegan  AA Puretzky  DP Norton  CM Rouleau 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,273(5277):898-903

Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) is a conceptually and experimentally simple yet highly versatile tool for thin-film and multilayer research. Its advantages for the film growth of oxides and other chemically complex materials include stoichiometric transfer, growth from an energetic beam, reactive deposition, and inherent simplicity for the growth of multilayered structures. With the use of PLD, artificially layered materials and metastable phases have been created and their properties varied by control of the layer thicknesses. In situ monitoring techniques have provided information about the role of energetic species in the formation of ultrahard phases and in the doping of semiconductors. Cluster-assembled nanocrystalline and composite films offer opportunities to control and produce new combinations of properties with PLD.  相似文献   

The recognition and prevalence of Bacteroides nodosus serotype M in Australia and New Zealand     

DH CHETWIN  LC WHITEHEAD  SEJ THORLEY 《Australian veterinary journal》1991,68(4):154-155

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Systemic candidiasis in a Suffolk ram     

TF JUBB  JD BAIRD  DH PERCY 《Australian veterinary journal》1988,65(10):333-335

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First case of pithomycotoxicosis (facial eczema) in the Netherlands     

van Wuijckhuise L  Snoep J  Cremers G  Duvivier A  Groeneveld A  Ottens W  van der Sar S 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2006,131(23):858-861

Between mid September and the beginning of November 2005, the Animal Health Service (AHS) received thirteen reports offarms on which several animals showed severe symptoms of solar eczema. Blood chemistry showed very high levels of GOT/AST and GGT indicative of severe liver damage. Farm visits to eight farms showed that the animals--previous to the start of the symptoms--had been grazing 24 hours/day and received no additional feed. Ingestion of poisonous plants or medications was considered unlikely to have caused the liver damage, and liver fluke infections were present on only two farms. Microscopic examination of specimens of grass revealed the presence of spores of Pithomyces chartarum in samples taken from six of nine farms. This fungus produces the mycotoxin sporidesmin, which causes severe liver damage and pithomycotoxicosis (facial eczema). This article is the first to describe Pithomyces chartarum in cattle in mainland Europe. Further research on the distribution and re-occurrence of Pithomyces chartarum infection and sporidesmin survival in grass silage is recommended.  相似文献   

Ovariectomy as treatment for ovarian bacterial granulomas in a Duvaucel's gecko (Hoplodactylus duvaucelii)     

AT Le Souëf  M Barry  DH Brunton  R Jakob-Hoff  B Jackson 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):340-344

CASE HISTORY: An adult female Duvaucel's gecko (Hoplodactylus duvaucelii) from a threatened species breeding programme presented due to a prolonged gestation period and distended abdomen.

CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS: The gecko was in lean body condition with an irregularly shaped, firm mass in the coelomic cavity. Radiographically there was a diffuse radio-opacity within the coelomic cavity with cranial displacement of the right lung field. Ultrasonography revealed a round homogenous abdominal mass of medium echogenicity with an echogenic capsule. Haematology showed a leucocytosis with a moderate left shift in heterophils and toxic changes. Bilateral ovariectomy was performed to remove two ovarian granulomas and Salmonella enterica subspecies houtenae (IV) was cultured from the ovarian tissue. The gecko recovered well from the surgery, regained weight and remained in good health 3 years following the surgery.

DIAGNOSIS: Pre-ovulatory stasis and ovarian granulomas associated with infection with Salmonella enterica subsp. houtenae.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The surgery described in this case resulted in recovery of the gecko, which despite its loss of reproductive capability is of value as an education animal. This is the first report of pre-ovulatory stasis and ovarian granulomas associated with infection with Salmonella enterica in a Duvaucel's gecko and is also the first reported case of pre-ovulatory stasis in a viviparous lizard species. The case adds to knowledge regarding potential reproductive pathology in lizards, which is particularly important information for managers of captive lizard breeding programmes.  相似文献   

Early Pregnancy Diagnosis by Serum Progesterone and Ultrasound in Sheep Carrying Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer-Derived Pregnancies     

B Alexander  G Coppola  GF Mastromonaco  E St. John  ER Reyes  DH Betts  WA King 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2008,43(2):207-211

Early pregnancy diagnosis and monitoring play an important role following embryo transfer in sheep. The aims of the current study were to investigate (i) the pattern of serum progesterone profiles in sheep carrying somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)‐derived (clone) pregnancies, and (ii) the frequency of pregnancy loss during development following SCNT embryo transfer. Sheep SCNT embryos were made using standard nuclear transfer techniques. Day 7 embryos were surgically transferred to oestrus‐synchronized recipients (n = 27). As a control, normal fertile ewes (n = 12) were bred by natural breeding. Serum was collected from all the ewes on the day of estrus (day 0 sample), 7 days post‐estrus (day 7 sample) and 19 days post‐estrus (day 19 sample) and every 10 days thereafter until lambing or pregnancy loss occurred. Serum progesterone (P4) was assessed using enzyme immunoassay. Pregnancy was confirmed by ultrasound scanning on day 35 of pregnancy followed by subsequent scanning every 10 days. In control ewes, pregnancy rate on day 35 was 83.3% (10/12), whereas in the ewes that received SCNT embryos, it was 22.2% (6/27; p < 0.05). The day 45 pregnancy rate in the control ewes was 83.3%, whereas in the SCNT embryo recipients it was 11.0% (p < 0.05). Hormone analysis revealed that SCNT embryo recipients exhibited a significantly lower P4 profiles at different time points in pregnancy compared to controls (p < 0.05). This study highlights the use of serum progesterone in combination with ultrasound for the investigation of embryo loss and crucial times during development of normal and SCNT embryos in sheep. Further, the serum P4 levels directly reflect the degree of placental development in these two groups.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the temporal distribution of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fusarium graminearum</Emphasis> airborne inoculum above the wheat canopy and its relationship with Fusarium head blight and DON concentration     

Pierre Hellin  Maxime Duvivier  Géraldine Dedeurwaerder  Charlotte Bataille  Michel De Proft  Anne Legrève 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2018,151(4):1049-1064

With the aim of unravelling the role of airborne Fusarium graminearum inoculum in the epidemic of Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by this species in wheat spikes, a network of Burkard air samplers was set up in five wheat fields distributed in Belgium from 2011 to 2013. Each year from April to July, the daily amounts of F. graminearum inoculum above the wheat canopy were quantified using a newly developed TaqMan qPCR assay. The pattern of spore trapping observed was drastically different per year and per location with a frequency of detection between 9 and 66% and a mean daily concentration between 0.8 and 10.2 conidia-equivalent/m³. In one location, air was sampled for a whole year. Inoculum was frequently detected from the wheat stem elongation stage until the end of the harvesting period, but high inoculum levels were also observed during the fall. Using a window-pane analysis, different periods of time around wheat flowering (varying in length and starting date) were investigated for their importance in the relation between airborne inoculum and FHB parameters (FHB severity, frequency of F. graminearum infection and DON). For almost all the combinations of variables, strong and significant correlations were found for multiple window lengths and starting times. Inoculum quantities trapped around flowering were highly correlated with F. graminearum infection (up to R?=?0.84) and DON (up to R?=?0.9). Frequencies of detection were also well correlated with both of these parameters. DON concentrations at harvest could even be significantly associated with the F. graminearum inoculum trapped during periods finishing before the beginning of the anthesis (R?=?0.77). Overall, these results highlight the key role of the airborne inoculum in F. graminearum epidemics and underline the importance of monitoring it for the development of disease forecasting tools.  相似文献   

Phytoplankton community structure and the drawdown of nutrients and CO2 in the southern ocean     

KR Arrigo  DH Robinson  DL Worthen  RB Dunbar  GR DiTullio  M VanWoert  MP Lizotte 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1999,283(5400):365-367

Data from recent oceanographic cruises show that phytoplankton community structure in the Ross Sea is related to mixed layer depth. Diatoms dominate in highly stratified waters, whereas Phaeocystis antarctica assemblages dominate where waters are more deeply mixed. The drawdown of both carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrate per mole of phosphate and the rate of new production by diatoms are much lower than that measured for P. antarctica. Consequently, the capacity of the biological community to draw down atmospheric CO2 and transport it to the deep ocean could diminish dramatically if predicted increases in upper ocean stratification due to climate warming should occur.  相似文献