Genetic and antigenic diversity in avian infectious bronchitis virus isolates of the 1940s     

Jia W  Mondal SP  Naqi SA 《Avian diseases》2002,46(2):437-441

In order to verify a commonly held assumption that only Massachusetts (Mass) serotype of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was prevalent in the United States between the 1930s (when IBV was first isolated) and the 1950s (when the use of commercial IBV vaccines began), we examined 40 IBV field isolates from the 1940s. Thirty-eight of those isolates were recognized as Mass serotype viruses based on their reactivity to Mass-specific monoclonal antibody (Mab) and neutralization by Mass-specific chicken serum. The remaining two isolates, N-M24 and N-M39, that did not react with Mass-specific Mab, resisted neutralization by Mass-specific chicken serum, and were neutralized only by homologous chicken antibody were identified as non-Mass IBV. When the first 900 nucleotides (nt) from the 5'-end of the spike (S1) glycoprotein gene and their deduced amino acid (aa) sequences were compared, the two non-Mass isolates differed from each other by 24% and 28%, respectively. In a similar comparison, the non-Mass viruses N-M24 and N-M39 differed from M28, a Mass-type isolate from the 1940s, by 21% and 22% (nt) and 28% and 27% (aa), respectively. These data indicate that antigenic and genetic diversity among IBV isolates existed even in the 1940s. Interestingly, when the N-terminal region of the S1 of M28 was compared to that of M41, a prototype Mass virus that has undergone countless number of in vivo and in vitro host passages, the two viruses differed by only 2% (nt) and 4% (aa). This finding suggests that frequent genetic changes are not inherent in all IBV genomes.  相似文献   

Litterfall,decomposition and nutrient release of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Shorea robusta</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tectona grandis</Emphasis> in a sub-tropical forest of West Bengal,Eastern India     

Chittaranjan Das  Naba Kumar Mondal 《林业研究》2016,27(5):1055-1065

We studied leaf litter fall, decomposition and nutrient release patterns of Shorea robusta and Tectona grandis by using a litter bag technique to better understand the release pattern of nutrients to soil from leaf litter. Annual litterfall varied from 13.40 ± 2.56 t ha^?1 a^?1 for S. robusta to 11.03 ± 3.72 t ha^?1 a^?1 for T. grandis and the decay constant (k) of decomposed leaf litter was distinctly higher for T. grandis (2.70 ± 0.50 a^?1) compared to S. robusta (2.41 ± 0.30 a^?1). Biomass loss was positively correlated with the initial litter C, WSC, C/N and ash content in S. robusta and N, P and K concentration for T. grandis. Biomass was negatively correlated with lignin and L/N ratio for S. robusta and L, WSC, L/N and C/N ratio for T. grandis (P < 0.01). Nutrient use efficiency (NUE) and nutrient accumulation index (NAI) of S. robusta was higher than for T. grandis. The retranslocation of bioelements from senescent leaves ranked as P > N > K. Annual N, P and K input to soil through litterfall differed significantly between the two species in the following order: N>K>P. S. robusta was superior in terms of K and P return and T. grandis was superior in terms of N return. The two tree species showed a similar patterns of nutrient release (K > P > N) during decomposition of their leaf litter. Nutrients of N, K and P were the primary limiting nutrients returned to soil through litterfall with important roles in soil fertility and forest productivity.  相似文献   

Assessment of molecular genetic diversity of 384 chickpea genotypes and development of core set of 192 genotypes for chickpea improvement programs     

Fayaz  Humara  Mir  Asma Hamid  Tyagi  Sandhya  Wani  Aijaz A.  Jan  Nelofar  Yasin  Mohammad  Mir  Javid Iqbal  Mondal  Biswajit  Khan  Mohd Anwar  Mir  Reyazul Rouf 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2022,69(3):1193-1205

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - Cicer arietinum L. (chickpea) is one of the most significant legume crops domesticated in the Fertile Crescent. This study was aimed to characterize a diverse...  相似文献   

Genetic variability for total phenolics,flavonoids and antioxidant activity of testaless seeds of a peanut recombinant inbred line population and identification of their controlling QTLs     

Suvendu Mondal  Rucha R. Phadke  Anand M. Badigannavar 《Euphytica》2015,204(2):311-321

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Genetic loci linking improved heat tolerance in wheat (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum aestivum</Emphasis> L.) to lower leaf and spike temperatures under controlled conditions     

R. Esten Mason  Suchismita Mondal  Francis W. Beecher  Dirk B. Hays 《Euphytica》2011,180(2):181-194

Heat stress adversely affects wheat production in many regions of the world and is particularly detrimental during reproductive development. The objective of this study was to identify novel quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with improved heat tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and to confirm previous QTL results. To accomplish this, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was subjected to a three-day 38°C daytime heat stress treatment during early grain-filling. At maturity, a heat susceptibility index (HSI) was calculated from the reduction of three main spike yield components; kernel number, total kernel weight, and single kernel weight. The HSI, as well as temperature depression (TD) of the main spike and main flag leaf during heat stress were used as phenotypic measures of heat tolerance. QTL analysis identified 14 QTL for HSI, with individual QTL explaining from 4.5 to 19.3% of the phenotypic variance. Seven of these QTL co-localized for both TD and HSI. At all seven loci, the allele for a cooler flag leaf or spike temperature (up to 0.81°C) was associated with greater heat tolerance, indicated by a lower HSI. In a comparison to previous QTL results in a RIL population utilizing the same source of heat tolerance, seven genome regions for heat tolerance were consistently detected across populations. The genetic effect of combining three of these QTL, located on chromosomes 1B, 5A, and 6D, demonstrate the potential benefit of selecting for multiple heat tolerance alleles simultaneously. The genome regions identified in this study serve as potential target regions for fine-mapping and development of molecular markers for more rapid development of heat tolerant germplasm.  相似文献   

Insecticidal activity of Arum maculatum tuber lectin and its binding to the glycosylated insect gut receptors     

Majumder P  Mondal HA  Das S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(17):6725-6729

Mannose binding approximately 50 kDa homotetrameric lectin, purified from edible Arum maculatum tuber, was analyzed through SDS-PAGE and studied for its agglutination property using rabbit erythrocytes. Cross reactivity of the purified lectin was verified through western blot using Colocasia esculantum(Family, Araceae) tuber lectin antibody. The insecticidal activity of Arum maculatum tuber lectin (ATL) was tested against two economically important sucking pests, Lipaphis erysimi and Aphis craccivora, in an artificial diet. The LC(50) values for L. erysimi and A. craccivora were determined to be 21 microg/mL and 16 microg/mL, respectively. Addition of alpha-d-mannose in ATL-supplemented diet reduced the aphid mortality. Two major receptor proteins of ATL (approximately 40 kDa and approximately 35 kDa) were detected from the brush border membrane vesicle (BBMV) protein of L. erysimi and A. craccivora guts, respectively, using ligand-binding assay. Alpha-d-Mannose was found to be a deterrent to such binding of ATL to the BBMV receptors.  相似文献   

Development of Empirical Formulae to Determine Emission Rate from Various Opencast Coal Mining Operations     

Chaulya  S. K.  Chakraborty  M. K.  Ahmad  M.  Singh  R. S.  Bondyopadhay  C.  Mondal  G. C.  Pal  D. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2002,140(1-4):21-55

All major mining activities, particularly opencast coal mining,directly or indirectly contribute to the problem of air pollution.Therefore, air quality assessment and prediction arerequired to prevent and minimize the air quality deteriorationdue to various opencast coal mining operations. Determination ofemission rates for these activities is the first and foremostconcern. In view of the above, this study was undertaken to determinate emission rates and to develop empericalformulae to calculate emission rates of various opencast coalmining activities.To achieve the objectives, seven coal mining sites were selectedto generate site-specific emission data by considering miningpractices, method of working, geographical location,accessibility and above all resourceavailability. The study covers various mining activities andlocations including drilling, overburden loading and unloading,coal loading and unloading, the coal handling plant, the exposedoverburden dump, the stock yard, the workshop, the exposed pit surface roadsand haul roads.Based on the study, a set of twelve emperical formulae have beendeveloped for calculation of suspended particulate matter (SPM)emission rates from various opencast coal mining activities. Theemission of gaseous pollutants (sulphur dioxide and nitrogenoxide) has been found negligible for various mining activities.Therefore, observation for gaseous pollutants has been consideredfor overall mine activities and empirical formulae have subsequently beendeveloped.The developed empirical formulae were calculatedby a field study at another coal mine. The measured andcalculated values of emission rate were compared for eachactivity. Average correlation between the measured andcalculated values for different activities was estimated to be 85.6–99.9%, which indicates fairly good accuracy.Validation of the study was also carried out by means of thefugitive dust model (FDM) using the calculated emissionrate data from the empirical formulae for each mining activity of amine, meteorological data and other details as input.The average accuracy between measured and predictedvalues of concentration of SPM at certain receptor locations wasfound to be 79%. A user-friendly emission software called`EmissCalc' was developed to calculate emission rate, whichcan be used as input for different air quality models.  相似文献   

Identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with maintenance of wheat (Triticum aestivum Desf.) quality characteristics under heat stress conditions     

Francis W. Beecher  Esten Mason  Suchismita Mondal  Joseph Awika  Dirk Hays  Amir Ibrahim 《Euphytica》2012,188(3):361-368

The goal of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with the maintenance of wheat grain quality following post-anthesis heat stress in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population. The response to heat stress was measured using the sodium dodecyl sulfate sedimentation test (SDSS), a significant predictor of bread baking quality. SDSS scores were used to identify QTLs associated with grain quality and QTLs associated with quality stability were identified based on percent change in SDSS score between the heat stress and control treatments. Four QTLs were identified, located one each on linkage groups 1B, 1D, 4A, and 7A. The 1B, 1D, and 4A QTLs were associated with grain quality; the QTL on linkage group 7A was associated with quality stability. To confirm the detected QTLs, eighty advanced lines grown at three Texas nurseries were tested for relationships between allelic polymorphism at QTL linked markers and quality traits. Quality trait stability in the advanced lines was estimated using the coefficient of variability (CV%) of quality traits between nurseries. The analysis supported the relationship of the predicted QTLs on linkage groups 1B, 1D, and 4A with quality traits. The confirmed QTLs may be used in marker assisted selection (MAS) to develop wheat lines possessing superior quality traits. In addition, identification of genetic regions associated with this trait will aid the identification of the underlying genes.  相似文献   

Prevalence,molecular fingerprinting and drug resistance profile of enterovirulent <Emphasis Type="Italic">Escherichia coli</Emphasis> isolates from free-ranging yaks of Tawang district,Arunachal Pradesh,India     

Bandyopadhyay S  Lodh C  Sarkar M  Ghosh MK  Bera AK  Bhattacharyya D  Mondal DK  Baruah KK 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(5):1063-1072

Of 273 samples (rectal swab) collected from free-ranging yaks of Tawang district, Arunachal Pradesh, 42 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), six enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and 27 enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) strains were isolated. All the STEC and EPEC strains were further investigated for respective stx variants (for STEC only) and additional putative virulence factors. The 27 ETEC strains were also screened for characteristic enterotoxin gene(s) and colonization factors. Occurrence of ETEC was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the diarrheic yaks and yaks of less than 1 year of age. Majority of enterovirulent E. coli isolates were resistant to amikacin, azithromycin, chloramphenicol, colistin, doxycycline, furazolidone, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin, streptomycin and tetracycline. Dendrogram, constructed with molecular fingerprinting profiles obtained from RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA) and ERIC (Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus) PCR, placed the isolates in different clusters irrespective of their serotypes, virulence gene and drug resistance pattern. Collectively, the study indicates that yaks, being a potential reservoir of multidrug resistant STEC and EPEC, may represent significant risk to public health in this region. Higher recovery of ETEC isolates from yaks with diarrhea points out that ETEC may be a major determinant for repeated occurrence of diarrhea in yaks.  相似文献   

GnRH-1 mRNA, LH surges, steroid hormones, egg production, and intersequence pause days alter in birds exposed to longer wavelength of light in the later stages of production in Gallus gallus domesticus     

Reddy IJ  David CG  Selvaraju S  Mondal S  Ravi Kiran G 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(6):1311-1317

The objective of this was to establish the effects of red spectrum of light (650 nm, treated n = 12) and normal spectrum of light (450 nm control = 12) on GnRH-I mRNA expression, amplitude and frequency of luteinizing hormone (LH), and egg production from 72-82 weeks of age in white leghorn hens. Birds exposed to red spectrum of wavelength significantly improved (P < 0.01) steroid hormone, and egg production improved over old laying 72 to 82 weeks. Weekly interval profiles followed the same pattern. At 77th weeks of age blood, samples from both the groups were collected at every 3 h for 36 h to study the pulsatile secretion of LH surges. Plasma LH concentration was higher (P < 0.01) in treated birds with more number of frequencies and amplitude LH surges in plasma of treated birds. LH frequencies were more pronounced and advanced during 36 h of sampling at 3 h interval in treated birds. Weekly interval of plasma LH, E2β, and P(4) concentrations increased (P < 0.01) in treated birds from 72 to 82 weeks of age. GnRH-I mRNA concentration was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in birds exposed to red spectrum of light compared to controls. It is hypothesized that exposure of birds to red spectrum of light-enhanced (P < 0.01) GnRH-I mRNA with more number of yellow yolky follicles was found in birds exposed to red spectrum of light during 77 days (72-82 weeks of age) of experimental period. It is concluded that higher levels of GnRH-I mRNA, LH, E2β, and P(4) concentration with lower incidence of pause days enabled the birds to lay more eggs even later in the productive period by modulating the wavelengths of light under normal husbandry conditions.  相似文献