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1.
Kumar Himanshu Cai Weiling Lai Junlong Chen Peinan Ganesan Suriya Prakash Bordoloi Sanandam Liu Xiaoying Wen YangPing Garg Ankit Mei Guoxiong 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2020,20(4):1983-1996
Purpose
Biochars produced from different feedstocks (such as wood, pig manure) possess varying physical and chemical properties, which have influence on crack and evaporation rate of biochar-amended soil (BAS). Furthermore, influence of compaction state and drying-wetting cycles on evaporation rate and cracking of BAS has not been investigated comprehensively. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of biochar types, compaction state of BAS, and drying-wetting cycles on crack propagation and retained water (or evaporation rate).
Material and methodsAn animal and plant feedstock-based biochars were produced in-house from pig manure (PM) and wood (W), respectively. In addition, nano structured chalk and wheat biochar (CWB) were also produced. Soil amended with individual biochars was compacted in petri-glass discs at two densities. Disc specimens were subjected to multiple drying-wetting cycles, and evaporation rate of specimens and crack area were monitored throughout the experimental period (70 days). Images were captured after every 24 h and processed using image processing technique to obtain the crack intensity factor (CIF).
Results and discussionThe results show that plant-based W BAS showed the high water retention, i.e., low evaporation rate and low CIF. Furthermore, the crack potential of CW BAS was seen to be higher. In dense compacted soil, maximum CIF% can be reduced from 3.9 to 0.4% for W BAS, from 3.9 to 1.7% for PM BAS, and from 3.9 to 1.6% for CW BAS.
ConclusionWB was able to resist cracking more efficiently than other types of biochar. Evaporation was found to be minimal for plant-based W BAS at 10% biochar percentage. Higher biochar content in soil was seen to increase the water retention of BAS significantly. Dense state of BAS at high biochar content (i.e., 10%) was effective in reducing evaporation rate and crack progression.
相似文献2.
Ganesan Nagarajan Adimoolam Aruna Ching-Fong Chang 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2013,39(1):95-101
Despite neurosteroidogenic enzymes are playing important roles in the regulation of brain development and function, the potential link between brain and gonad by the action of steroid hormones during gonadal sex differentiation is still not clear in teleosts. In this mini-review, we summarized our understanding on the early brain development related to the synthesis of neurosteroids and receptor signaling during gonadal sex differentiation in protogynous orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides (functional females for the first 6 years of life and start to sex change around the age of 7 years) and protandrous black porgy (functional males for the first 2 years of life but begin to change sex during the third year). We found a similar profile in the increased expression of brain aromatase gene (aromatatse B or cyp19a1b), aromatase activity, estradiol (E2), and estrogen signaling in the brain of both grouper and black porgy fish during gonadal sex differentiation. In contrast to mammals, teleost fish Cyp19a1b expressed in a unique cell type, a radial glial cell, which is acted as progenitors in the brain of developing and adult fish. In agreement with these pioneer studies, we demonstrated that the grouper cyp19a1b/Cyp19a1b was expressed in radial glial cells. Further, in vivo data in the grouper brain showed that exogenous E2 upregulated Cyp19a1b immunoreactivity (ir) in radial glial cells. These data suggest the possible roles of Cyp19a1b and E2 in early brain development which is presumably related to gonadal sex differentiation. 相似文献
3.
Distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is a bulk material that has been widely used as a protein source for ruminants and nonruminants for more than two decades. DDGS is the nonfermentable processing residue (i.e., protein, fiber, fat, and ash) from fuel ethanol manufacturing. With the exponential growth of the fuel ethanol industry in the past several years, significant quantities (≈13.0 million tons in 2007) of distillers grains are now being produced. To effectively utilize these coproduct streams in the domestic market, DDGS must be transported greater distances and must be stored until final use. DDGS flow is often problematic as it can become restricted by caking and bridging that occur during shipping and storage. This flowability problem can present itself during dynamic and static flow conditions. This issue most likely results from physical or chemical interactions between particles (including particle size and shape), storage moisture, temperature, and relative humidity variations, as well as storage time. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of five moisture content levels (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30% db) on the resulting physical and chemical properties of DDGS with four soluble levels (10, 15, 20, and 25% db). To produce these materials, condensed distillers solubles (CDS) were combined with DDG, and appropriate quantities of water were added to adjust moisture contents. Carr indices were used to quantify the flowability of the DDGS samples. The results showed that both soluble level and moisture content had noticeable effects on physical and flow properties (e.g., aerated bulk density, packed bulk density, and compressibility). According to dispersibility, flowability index, and floodability index, flowability generally declined significantly (P < 0.05) with an increase in moisture content for most of the soluble levels under consideration. The color values and protein content of the DDGS were significantly affected (P < 0.05) as soluble level increased as well. 相似文献
4.
Ganesan Kandasamy Suresh Kumar Karuppiah Peddi Venkata Subba Rao 《Fisheries Science》2012,78(1):169-176
Protein concentrates (PCs) were extracted from three edible green seaweed species of Enteromorpha (E. compressa, E. linza, and E. tubulosa) and were studied for their functional properties with respect to salt and pH. The protein content in the PC was found to
be 60.35 ± 2.0, 53.83 ± 0.70, and 33.36 ± 1.04% in E. compressa, E. tubulosa, and E. linza respectively. The minimum nitrogen solubility was observed at pH 4.0 in all three PCs. The water-holding and oil-holding
capacities in the three PCs ranged from 1.22 ± 0.06 to 1.53 ± 0.07 ml H2O/g PC and from 1.05 ± 0.07 to 1.34 ± 0.10 ml oil/g PC respectively. Foaming capacity and stability were found to be pH-specific.
They varied significantly with pH and NaCl concentration (P < 0.05). The inexpensive source of protein concentrate from Enteromorpha species could be incorporated into value-added food products. 相似文献
5.
Gobi?MuthukaruppanEmail author Suman?Janardhanan Ganesan?Vijayalakshmi 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2005,5(2):82-86
Goal, Scope and Background With the advent of the Green Revolution, there has been a quantum leap in the use of synthetic herbicides and pesticides throughout the world to sustain high-yielding crop varieties. Continuous use of these synthetic chemicals leads to loss of soil fertility and soil organisms. Histopathological studies may signal a damaging effect of organisms resulting from prior or ongoing exposure to toxic agents. A large number of studies have reported general histological changes in earthworms. A fewer studies have reported more specific types of histopathological studies in Eisenia foetida, Dendrodrilus rubidus, Lumbricus terrestris, Lumbricus rubellus and Octolasium transpandanum. However, no reports are available on Perionyx sansibaricus. The aim of the present study is
(i) to determine the sublethal effects of the herbicide Butachlor on Perionyx sansibaricus on growth and cocoon production,
(ii) to evaluate the histological changes in the exposed worms.Methods The test substrate, namely powdered, dried cow dung, was contaminated with 0.0657, 0.1315 and 0.1973 mg kg–1 of Butachlor, and a control was maintained. Four groups of each 10-test species of Perionyx sansibaricus were used per concentration level (control, 0.0657, 0.1315 and 0.1973 mg kg–1). Various life history parameters such as biomass, cocoon production and histological changes were measured.Results Worm growth was observed at various exposures over 60 days. While exposing the earthworm to the herbicide, no mortality was observed, not even at a higher dose. At the end of the experiment, the control group had a mean biomass of 0.0831±0.00 mg and, in the exposed group, at herbicide concentrations of 0.1973, 0.1315 and 0.0657 mg kg–1, the mean biomass was found to be 0.0497±0.00 mg, 0.0628±0.00 mg and 0.0781±0.00 mg, respectively. The mean earthworm biomass was found to be decreased with increasing herbicide concentration. Similarly, cocoon production was also reduced by the increasing herbicide concentration. All earthworms in the exposed group were found to have glandular cell enlargement and to be vacuolated. Conclusion The results clearly indicate that Butachlor can retard the growth and cocoon production in Perionyx sansibaricus. The effect of the herbicide Butachlor can be assessed by the histological observation of the intestinal region, as evidenced by glandular cell enlargement at all the exposed concentrations, which may massively affect food intake and which in turn may indirectly inhibit the earthworm reproductive capacity.Recommendation and Outlook Risk assessment is normally aimed at the protection of human health and the ecosystem, and the interrelationship of these two areas of protection is easy to perceive. The use of earthworms in risk assessment is to obtain more information on environmental quality and ensure environmental safety. There is an urgent need to test the chemicals causing toxicity to earthworms, because earthworms play a major role in soil fertility as well as acting as a transferring route from the soil to the terrestrial ecosystem. 相似文献
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7.
Abirami Ramu Ganesan Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian Sungkwon Park Rajesh Jha Ines Andretta Archibold G. Bakare In Ho Kim 《动物营养（英文）》2021,7(1):56
This review aims to highlight the effects of ochratoxin A (OTA) in the feed of meat-producing animals. The accumulation of OTA in feed and its distribution in various farm animals were compared and evaluated. Primarily, the oral administration of OTA-contaminated feed and the predisposition in an animal''s vital organ were critically examined in this work. The collated reports show that OTA directly associated with endemic nephropathy and its high concentration leads to degeneration of liver cells, and necrosis of intestinal and lymphoid tissues. At present, limited reports are available in the recent literature on the problems and consequences of OTA in feed. Therefore, this review focused on the OTA carryover from feed to farm animals and the interaction of its secondary metabolites on their biochemical parameters. Hence, this report provides greater insights into animal health related to OTA residues in meat and meat products. This article also explores mitigation strategies that can be used to prevent the carryover effects of OTA in livestock feeds and the effects in the food chain. 相似文献
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9.
John Samuel Godwin Christopher Arunachalam Ganesan Murugesan Natarajapillai Sukumaran 《Aquaculture Research》2010,42(1):129-138
This study reports the results on induced meiotic diploid gynogenesis and female homogametic nature in the Indian catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis. The eggs of H. fossilis were inseminated with conspecific sperm. The sperm suspension was diluted to 1 × 107 sperm mL−1 in Hanks balanced salt solution. Sperm were irradiated under UV light, with the exposure time ranging from 15 to 360 s (7500 ergs mm−2 for 60 s). The genetic inactivation of paternal chromosomes was confirmed by chromosome counting from the larval cells and the larvae also had a characteristic haploid syndrome. A typical ‘Hertwig effect’ in the yield of hatched larvae was observed with doses of UV exposure >75 s (9375 ergs mm2). Larvae resulting from sperm UV irradiated above 120 s (15 000 ergs mm2) were 100% haploids. Application of heat shock to the activated eggs was effective in suppressing the release of the second polar body (meiotic gynogenesis) and resulted in diploid gynogenetic larvae morphologically identical to those of the control. The best yield of diploid gynogens (49.3% with respect to the control) was found to be at 6 min after egg activation and the heat shock at 41 °C for a 1-min duration, at an ambient water temperature of 27 °C. A total of 113 diploid gynogenetic fry from seven different female fish were reared and subjected to sexing. All gynogenetic fish were female in contrast to the control, which had a mean sex ratio of 56.7% females (which was not significantly different from 50% female). From these results, the sex determination mechanism in H. fossilis was presumed to be female homogamety. 相似文献
10.
Katya Kumar Borsra M. Z. S. Ganesan Dev Kuppusamy Giva Herriman Max Salter Andrew Ali Sayed Azam 《International Aquatic Research》2017,9(4):303-312
International Aquatic Research - The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of dietary protein from black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, larval meal (BSFL) to replace fish meal... 相似文献