Influence of in-house produced biochars on cracks and retained water during drying-wetting cycles: comparison between conventional plant,animal, and nano-biochars     

Kumar  Himanshu  Cai  Weiling  Lai  Junlong  Chen  Peinan  Ganesan  Suriya Prakash  Bordoloi  Sanandam  Liu  Xiaoying  Wen  YangPing  Garg  Ankit  Mei  Guoxiong 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2020,20(4):1983-1996

Purpose

Biochars produced from different feedstocks (such as wood, pig manure) possess varying physical and chemical properties, which have influence on crack and evaporation rate of biochar-amended soil (BAS). Furthermore, influence of compaction state and drying-wetting cycles on evaporation rate and cracking of BAS has not been investigated comprehensively. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of biochar types, compaction state of BAS, and drying-wetting cycles on crack propagation and retained water (or evaporation rate).

Material and methods

An animal and plant feedstock-based biochars were produced in-house from pig manure (PM) and wood (W), respectively. In addition, nano structured chalk and wheat biochar (CWB) were also produced. Soil amended with individual biochars was compacted in petri-glass discs at two densities. Disc specimens were subjected to multiple drying-wetting cycles, and evaporation rate of specimens and crack area were monitored throughout the experimental period (70 days). Images were captured after every 24 h and processed using image processing technique to obtain the crack intensity factor (CIF).

Results and discussion

The results show that plant-based W BAS showed the high water retention, i.e., low evaporation rate and low CIF. Furthermore, the crack potential of CW BAS was seen to be higher. In dense compacted soil, maximum CIF% can be reduced from 3.9 to 0.4% for W BAS, from 3.9 to 1.7% for PM BAS, and from 3.9 to 1.6% for CW BAS.

Conclusion

WB was able to resist cracking more efficiently than other types of biochar. Evaporation was found to be minimal for plant-based W BAS at 10% biochar percentage. Higher biochar content in soil was seen to increase the water retention of BAS significantly. Dense state of BAS at high biochar content (i.e., 10%) was effective in reducing evaporation rate and crack progression.

  相似文献   

Carbon and water footprints of major crop production in India     

Amaresh Kumar NAYAK  Rahul TRIPATHI  Manish DEBNATH  Chinmaya Kumar SWAIN  Biswaranjan DHAL  Shanmugam VIJAYKUMAR  Anshuman Debasis NAYAK  Sangita MOHANTY  Mohammad SHAHID  Anjani KUMAR  Manoj RAJAK  Khitish Chandra MOHARANA  Dibyendu CHATTERJEE  Susmita MUNDA  Pravat GURU  Rubina KHANAM  Banwari LAL  Priyanka GAUTAM  Suschismita PATTANAIK  Arvind Kumar SHUKLA  Nuala FITTON  Pete SMITH  Himanshu PATHAK 《土壤圈》2023,33(3):448-462

Scarcity of water and emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) are the two key environmental issues affecting crop production in India.Reducing the carbon footprint (CF) and water footprint (WF) of crop production can help to mitigate the environmental hazards that stem from GHG emissions and water scarcity.The CFs and WFs of three major cereal crops,rice,wheat,and maize,were estimated for the year 2014 under the environmental conditions in India,based on national statistics and other data sources.To...  相似文献   

Identification and pathogenicity study of emerging fish pathogens Acinetobacter junii and Acinetobacter pittii recovered from a disease outbreak in Labeo catla (Hamilton, 1822) and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844) of freshwater wetland in West Bengal,India     

Ramesh Chandra Malick  Asit Kumar Bera  Hemanta Chowdhury  Manojit Bhattacharya  Tanuja Abdulla  Himanshu Sekhar Swain  Raju Baitha  Vikas Kumar  Basanta Kumar Das 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(6):2410-2420

The disease outbreaks in aquaculture system of wetlands are the major cause of fish mortality. Among various bacterial septicaemic diseases, fish mortality caused by Acinetobacter spp. is recently reported in different fish species. Fish disease outbreak was investigated in a wetland of West Bengal, India to identify the aetiological factors involved. The moribund fish were examined and subjected to bacterial isolation. Two bacterial causative agents were identified as Acinetobacter junii and Acinetobacter pittii by biochemical characterization and 16S rRNA gene amplification. Both the isolates were oxidase‐negative, nitrate‐negative, catalase‐positive and indole‐negative. The molecular identification using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic tree analysis further confirmed the two Acinetobacter spp. with 97%–99% similarity. The antibiotic resistance patterns of these two bacteria revealed that both of them were resistant to β‐lactam, cefalexin, cephalothin, amoxyclav, cefuroxime, cefadroxil, clindamycin, vancomycin and penicillin. In addition, A. pittii was also resistant to other antibiotics of cephams group such as ceftazidime and cefotaxime. In the challenge experiment, both A. junii and A. pittii were found to be pathogenic with LD₅₀ of 1.24 × 10⁵ and 1.88 × 10⁷ cfu/fish respectively. Histopathological examination of gill, liver and kidney revealed prominent changes supporting bacterial septicaemia. The investigation reports for the first time on concurrent infection by A. junii and multidrug‐resistant (MDR)‐A. pittii as emerging fish pathogens to cause severe mortality in Labeo catla and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix in a freshwater wetland.  相似文献   

A Tale of Two Rivers: Can the Restoration Lessons of River Thames (Southern UK) Be Transferred to River Hindon (Northern India)?     

Sharma  Vasker  Joshi  Himanshu  Bowes  Michael J. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2021,232(5):1-14

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution - Feasibility of dechlorination using ultra-high lime with aluminum process (UHLA) has been demonstrated by previous studies. However, the negative influences of...  相似文献   

Chloroplast derived SSRs reveals genetic relationships in domesticated alliums and wild relatives     

Jayaswall  Kuldip  Sharma  Himanshu  Bhandawat  Abhishek  Sagar  R.  Jayaswal  Deepanshu  Kumar  Akash  Chaturvedi  Pratibha  Mahajan  Vijay  Kumar  Sanjay  Singh  Major 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2022,69(1):363-372

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - Alliums comprise of popular spices and used for various culinary purposes and nutraceuticals. Poor genetic characterization and scarce information regarding...  相似文献   

Simulation of fertilizer requirement for irrigated wheat in eastern India using the QUEFTS model     

Debtanu Maiti  Himanshu Pathak 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(4):403-418

Abstract

Crop modelling can provide us with a vast amount of real-time information about fertilizer dose to achieve the target yield, crop conditions, etc. Nutrient-use efficiency in wheat is low because of conventional blanket and imbalanced fertilizer use. Estimation of fertilizer requirements based on quantitative approaches can assist in improving yields and nutrient-use efficiency. Field experiments were conducted in 20 sites in eastern India to assess the soil supply, requirement and internal efficiency of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) in wheat. The data were used to calibrate the QUEFTS (QUantitative Evaluation of the Fertility of Tropical Soils) model for site-specific, balanced fertilizer recommendations. The parameters of maximum accumulation (a) and maximum dilution (d) in wheat were calculated for N (35 and 100 kg), P (129 and 738 kg), K (17 and 56 kg), and Zn (21502 and 140244 mg). Grain yield of wheat showed good correlation with N (R² = 0.937??), P (R² = 0.901??) and K uptake (R² = 0.801??). The NPK ratio to produce 1 ton grain yield of wheat was derived to be 4.9:1.0:8.9. The relationships between chemical properties and nutrient supplying capacity of soils were also established. The model was validated using the data of four other experiments. Observed yields with different amounts of N, P, K and Zn were in good agreement with the predicted values suggesting that the validated QUEFTS model can be used for site-specific nutrient management in wheat.  相似文献   

Greenhouse gases emission,soil organic carbon and wheat yield as affected by tillage systems and nitrogen management practices     

Chaitanya Prasad Nath  Tapas Kumar Das  Kuldeep Singh Rana  Ranjan Bhattacharyya  Himanshu Pathak  Sangeeta Paul 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2017,63(12):1644-1660

Agricultural activities are responsible for greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission in the environment. Strategies are required to enhance the soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) sequestration to adapt and mitigate the climate change. We investigated GHGs emission, SOC and N enhancement under conventional tillage (CT) and zero tillage (ZT) with N management in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Seasonal carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission and global warming potential (GWP) reduced for ZT treatments over CT without residues and 100% of required N with a blanket split application (CT – R + 100N). The ZT with 5 t ha^?1 maize (Zea mays L.) residues retention and 75% of required N and GreenSeeker^TM (GS)-aided N management (ZT + R + 75N + GS) reduced yield-scaled GHGs emission and increased total organic carbon (C) stock over CT – R + 100N. However, nitrous oxide (N₂O) emission was lower in CT. The GS-based N management saved 26–35 kg N ha^?1 in different tillage systems in both years over blanket application with higher N uptake and associated reduction in N₂O emission. The study recommends that ZT with residues retention and GS-based N management can minimize the GHGs emission and improve the SOC.  相似文献   

Defensive Role of Plant Hormones in Advancing Abiotic Stress-Resistant Rice Plants     

M. Iqbal R. Khan  Sarika Kumari  Faroza Nazir  Risheek Rahul Khanna  Ravi Gupta  Himanshu Chhillar 《水稻科学》2023,30(1):15-35

Consistent climatic perturbations have increased global environmental concerns, especially the impacts of abiotic stresses on crop productivity. Rice is a staple food crop for the majority of the world’s population. Abiotic stresses, including salt, drought, heat, cold and heavy metals, are potential inhibitors of rice growth and yield. Abiotic stresses elicit various acclimation responses that facilitate in stress mitigation. Plant hormones play an important role in mediating the growth and development of rice plants under optimal and stressful environments by activating a multitude of signalling cascades to elicit the rice plant’s adaptive responses. The current review describes the role of plant hormone-mediated abiotic stress tolerance in rice, potential crosstalk between plant hormones involved in rice abiotic stress tolerance and significant advancements in biotechnological initiatives including genetic engineering approach to provide a step forward in making rice resistance to abiotic stress.  相似文献   

Exposure to salinity stress cause ovarian disruption in a stenohaline freshwater teleost,Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794)     

Banalata Mohanty  Kunal Gupta  Gyan Babu  Himanshu Pal  Pradeep Verma 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(5):1964-1972

Stenohaline freshwater fish with narrow salinity tolerance are susceptible to saline stress from global climate change and anthropogenic activities. The present study elucidated that saline exposure during the sensitive window of preparatory phase of oocyte maturation significantly affected gonadosomatic index, ovarian histology and morphometric features of oocytes in a stenohaline freshwater catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794) in a dose (2 ppt, 5 ppt)—and duration (8, 24 days)‐dependent manner. The gonads of H. fossilis show annual maturation cycle. Loss of integrity of ovigerous lamellae, disruption of ovarian stroma, disrupted oolemma, ooplasmic vacuolization, damaged germinal vesicles and altered morphometry of previtellogenic oocytes, such as chromatin‐nucleolus, early perinucleolar and late perinucleolar, elucidated consistent effects of saline exposure except at 8 days exposure to 2 ppt of saline. Increased salinity might have affected the transmembrane ion/water transport and disrupted the osmotic balance in ovary that eventually led to impairment in growth of ovary and oocyte maturation. The susceptibility of ovary to comparatively less concentrations of saline exposure might be due to sensitiveness of ovary/oocytes during the early phase of growth. Fluctuating salinity along with other stressors can affect metabolic and growth rates, fecundity and ultimately survival of fish.  相似文献   

Anti-inflammatory, cyclooxygenase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of standardized extracts of Tridax procumbens L.     

Sanjay M. Jachak  Raju GautamC. Selvam  Himanshu MadhanAmit Srivastava  Taj Khan 《Fitoterapia》2011,82(2):173-177

The standardized EtOAc, MeOH and 70% EtOH extracts of Tridax procumbens aerial parts showed significant inhibition of rat paw edema at a medium dose of 200 mg/kg and the EtOAC extract was the most active. These extracts were standardized by HPLC with the help of chemical markers. Further, the extracts were evaluated for COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitory activity and EtOAc extract exhibited the highest inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 at 50 μg/mL. Cent aurein, centaureidin and bergenin were isolated as COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitory principles from the EtOAc extract. The extracts also exhibited antioxidant activity against DPPH and ABTS free radicals. The anti-inflammatory activity of T. procumbens aerial parts could be at least in part due to COX-1, COX-2 enzyme inhibition and free radical-scavenging activities which may be attributed to the presence of flavonoids and other polyphenols in the extracts.  相似文献