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Whittaker et al. (Reports, 5 October 2007, p. 83) presented reconstructions for Australia and Antarctica showing a change in relative plate motion approximately 53 million years ago, coincident with an inferred major global plate reorganization. This comment addresses problematic areas in their assumptions and the geological consequences of their reconstructions. 相似文献
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Hanna??wiek-Kupczyńska Thomas?Altmann Daniel?Arend Elizabeth?Arnaud Dijun?Chen Guillaume?Cornut Fabio?Fiorani Wojciech?Frohmberg Astrid?Junker Christian?Klukas Matthias?Lange Cezary?Mazurek Anahita?Nafissi Pascal?Neveu Jan?van?Oeveren Cyril?Pommier Hendrik?Poorter Philippe?Rocca-Serra Susanna-Assunta?Sansone Uwe?Scholz Marco?van?Schriek ümit?Seren Bj?rn?Usadel Stephan?Weise Paul?Kersey Pawe??KrajewskiEmail author 《Plant methods》2016,12(1):44
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Anahita KHORAMNIA Norhani ABDULLAH Siew Ling LIEW Chin Chin SIEO Kalavathy RAMASAMY Yin Wan HO 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(1):127-135
A rotatable central composite design (CCD) was used to study the effect of cryoprotectants (skim milk, sucrose and lactose) on the survival rate of a probiotic Lactobacillus strain, L. reuteri C10, for poultry, during freeze‐drying and storage. Using response surface methodology, a quadratic polynomial equation was obtained for response value by multiple regression analyses: Y = 8.59546 ? 0.01038 X1 ? 0.09382 X2 ? 0.07771 X3 ? 0.054861 X12 ? 0.04603X32 ? 0.10938 X1X2. Based on the model predicted, sucrose exerted the strongest effect on the survival rate. At various combinations of cryoprotectants, the viability loss of the cells after freeze‐drying was reduced from 1.65 log colony forming units (CFU)/mL to 0.26–0.66 log CFU/mL. The estimated optimum combination for enhancing the survival rate of L. reuteri C10 was 19.5% skim milk, 1% sucrose and 9% lactose. Verification experiments confirmed the validity of the predicted model. The storage life of freeze‐dried L. reuteri C10 was markedly improved when cryoprotectants were used. At optimum combination of the cryoprotectants, the survival rates of freeze‐dried L. reuteri C10 stored at 4°C and 30°C for 6 months were 96.4% and 73.8%, respectively. Total viability loss of cells which were not protected by cryoprotectants occurred after 12 and 8 weeks of storage at 4°C and 30°C, respectively. 相似文献
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Anahita Rouhani Shirvan Nahid Hemmati Nejad Azadeh Bashari 《Fibers and Polymers》2014,15(9):1908-1914
In this study, chitosan and pentasodium tripolyphosphate (TPP)-based bilayers were fabricated on the cationized woven cotton fabrics via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. The initial cationic charges on cotton fabric were produced through the aminization procedure involving the covalent attachment of reactive dye to cotton fabric and subsequent reductive cleavage of the dye to free amine. Different numbers of bilayers (1, 5, and 10) consisting of chitosan/TPP have been deposited on the fabrics. The surface morphology, cationic group content, chemical surface modification, whiteness index, surface tension and antibacterial properties of the modified cotton samples were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), methylene blue test, FTIR, reflectance spectroscopy, water contact angle measurements and antibacterial test, respectively. The bacterial inhibition experiments demonstrated that the modified cotton fabric with the addition of chitosan/TPP bilayers can increase the degree of inhibition on E. coli and S. aureus bacteria. The utilized LBL method was an easy and cost-effective procedure for developing of novel antibacterial textiles with the highly attractive feature in the medical and hygienic products. 相似文献
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Anahita Khosravi Abdolmajid Ronaghi 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2017,48(22):2701-2714
A greenhouse experiment was conducted with a factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design with three replications. Treatments consisted of two levels of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (Pseudomonas fluorescens) (with and without inoculation), two levels of vermicompost (0 and 1% w/w), and four phosphate (P) sources (control, rock phosphate powder (RP), tricalcium phosphate (TCP), and triple super phosphate (SP) at 25 mg P kg?1 level). Co-application of PGPR and RP in non-vermicompost treatments significantly increased shoot fresh weight, shoot dry matter yield, shoot P uptake, soil Ca2-P concentration, but it significantly decreased soil Ca8-P and Ca10-P concentrations. The maximum shoot P uptake was obtained in combined application of RP with vermicompost which had no significant difference with the co-application of SP with vermicompost in bacterial and non-bacterial treatments. There was a negative correlation coefficient between shoot P concentration and chemical forms of phosphorus. It may be concluded that application of biofertilizers changed the chemical forms of inorganic phosphorus and increased P uptake by plant. 相似文献
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Zerafati Shoae N Omidvar N Ghazi-Tabatabaie M Houshiar Rad A Fallah H Mehrabi Y 《Public health nutrition》2007,10(8):855-861
OBJECTIVE: To assess the validity of the adapted Radimer/Cornell questionnaire to measure food insecurity in low-income urban households in Tehran, the capital of Iran. DESIGN: The Radimer/Cornell questionnaire was modified and used to assess the applicability, validity and reliability of such a measure in a culturally different context of urban households in Tehran. Factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha were used to assess validity and reliability, respectively. Socio-economic characteristics and food consumption frequency of the household were used to assess the criterion validity of the questionnaire. SETTING: District 20 of Tehran. SUBJECTS: A sample of 250 Iranian nuclear households with at least one child aged 1-18 years and a non-pregnant, non-lactating woman of reproductive age, selected through a multistage random sampling method. RESULTS: Three scales, labelled as household, individual and child hunger, were extracted through factor analysis using varimax rotation. Internal consistency of the scales was 0.897, 0.820 and 0.796, respectively. Individual insecurity and child hunger were inversely correlated with monthly per capita income, father's education, mother's education and father's occupational status, and positively correlated with household size, as expected. However, household insecurity did not follow the same pattern. Consumption frequency of fruits, vegetables, dairy, red meat and rice declined as food insecurity status worsened, while bread and potato consumption increased. CONCLUSION: The results show that a modified version of the Radimer/Cornell questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument to measure household food insecurity in a culturally different context. However, further modifications seem necessary to measure food insecurity at household level. Results lend support to the utility and applicability of experience-based measures in varying cultural communities. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTPepsin enzyme from skipjack tuna was extracted for the production of kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis) fish protein hydrolysate. Using ultra-fractionation, Kawakawa protein hydrolysates were separated into four different fractions, including fractioned protein hydrolysate I (FPH I) (< 1 kDa), FPH-II (1–3 kDa), FPH-III (3–10 kDa), and FPH-IV (> 10 kDa). The antioxidant activity was assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation, reducing power tests, and chelating activity of metal ions. Results indicated that FPH II fraction peptides had higher antioxidant activity in comparison with the other fractions, followed by FPH I. Further, the fractions were evaluated for angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition, and IC50 value ranged from 0.45 to 1.86 mg/ml with higher activity in FPH I (IC50 0.45). Finally, the amino acid profile of different fractions was analyzed. The fractions exhibited significant amounts of hydrophobic amino acids, which could perform as hydrogen donors, frustrate the free radicals, and inhibit the ACE. The recovered pepsin from the viscera was used to produce hydrolysates with good biological activities. Peptides lower than 3 KDa had antioxidant activity as positive controls and significant ACE activity. These are very important findings that could be used to conduct further research in a preclinical study of these peptides. 相似文献
8.
In order to study the effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), vermicompost and phosphate sources on the growth and nutrients uptake by lettuce, a greenhouse experiments was conducted. Treatments consisted of PGPR (Pseudomonas fluorescens) (with and without inoculation), vermicompost (0 and 1% w/w) and phosphate sources (control, rock phosphate (RP), tricalcium phosphate and triple super phosphate (TSP) at 25 mg P kg?1 level). Biological fertilizers, RP and TSP significantly increased shoot dry matter (SDM) and some measured nutrients uptake. Co-application of PGPR and RP, in non-vermicompost treatments significantly increased SDM, shoot nitrogen, phosphorus (P), potassium, zinc and manganese uptake rates. Shoot P uptake had no significant difference between TSP and RP treatments. Co-application of PGPR, vermicompost and TSP significantly decreased SDM, which may be due to the P toxic levels in the plant aerial parts and/or the inhibition of the bacterial activities in the rhizosphere soil. 相似文献
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Roya Rahnama Rahim Peyghan Masoud Reza Seyfi Abad Shapouri Anahita Rezaie Nastaran Shahbazian 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(2):474-482
Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) is one of the most important viral diseases in rainbow trout that has caused great losses to Iranian rainbow trout aquaculture industry in the last 3 years. Therefore, rapid and reliable diagnosis of VHS virus infections is of great importance. An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was performed to study serum antibodies against viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) using recombinant fragments of their N protein. For this purpose, the virus was first isolated from an infected farm. A part of the nucleocapsid (1–505 bp) gene was amplified by RT‐PCR using specific primers. The amplified fragment was ligated to pMALc2x vector and transferred to DH5α strain of Escherichia coli. Then, recombinant plasmids were tested for protein expression in E. coli Rosetta strain. SDS‐PAGE analysis indicated the production of a recombinant protein with an expected molecular weight of 61 KDa. Analysis of trout serum samples from seven previously infected farms and two VHS free farms showed that the designed ELISA method was effective in diagnosing the infected fish. The results revealed that the developed serological assay using designed ELISA based on recombinant protein (N) has the potential to be used in monitoring studies and to determine the prevalence of VHS in rainbow trout farms. The present data allow evaluating the levels of nonneutralizing antibodies without crude virus preparations. 相似文献
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