The value of linking paleoecological and neoecological perspectives to understand spatially-explicit ecosystem resilience     

Buma  B.  Harvey  B. J.  Gavin  D. G.  Kelly  R.  Loboda  T.  McNeil  B. E.  Marlon  J. R.  Meddens  A. J. H.  Morris  J. L.  Raffa  K. F.  Shuman  B.  Smithwick  E. A. H.  McLauchlan  K. K. 《Landscape Ecology》2019,34(1):17-33

Context

Predicting ecosystem resilience is a challenge, especially as climate change alters disturbance regimes and conditions for recovery. Recent research has highlighted the importance of spatially-explicit disturbance and resilience processes to long-term ecosystem dynamics. “Neoecological” approaches characterize resilience mechanisms at relatively fine spatio-temporal resolutions, but results are difficult to extrapolate across broad temporal scales or climatic ranges. Paleoecological methodologies can consider the effects of climates that differ from today. However, they are often limited to coarse-grained spatio-temporal resolutions.

Methods

In this synthesis, we describe implicit and explicit examples of studies that incorporate both neo- and paleoecological approaches. We propose ways to build on the strengths of both approaches in an explicit and proactive fashion.

Results

Linking the two approaches is a powerful way to surpass their respective limitations. Aligning spatial scales is critical: Paleoecological sampling design should incorporate knowledge of the spatial characteristics of the disturbance process, and neoecological studies benefit from a longer-term context to their conclusions. In some cases, modeling can incorporate non-spatial data from paleoecological records or emerging spatial paleo-data networks with mechanistic disturbance/recovery processes that operate at fine spatiotemporal scales.

Conclusions

Linking these two complementary approaches is a powerful way to build a complete understanding of ecosystem disturbance and resilience.

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Cowdria ruminantium is recognized by a monoclonal antibody directed against the major outer membrane protein of Chlamydia trachomatis.     

F Jongejan  R Bax  M J Meddens  W G Quint 《Veterinary microbiology》1991,27(2):115-123

The relationship between Cowdria ruminantium and Chlamydia trachomatis was studied by immunofluorescence. A monoclonal antibody directed against the major outer membrane protein of C. trachomatis recognized rickettsial colonies of C. ruminantium in infected goat brain. No specific fluorescence was observed in non-infected brain. Two commercial Chlamydia-specific monoclonal antibodies as well as polyvalent anti-Chlamydia rabbit serum recognized C. trachomatis, but did not recognize Cowdria. Moreover, polyvalent Cowdria antiserum failed to recognize C. trachomatis cultivated in HeLa cells. It is concluded that Cowdria and Chlamydia are to a certain extent related, confirming similarities in ultrastructure and developmental cycle.  相似文献