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Buma B. Harvey B. J. Gavin D. G. Kelly R. Loboda T. McNeil B. E. Marlon J. R. Meddens A. J. H. Morris J. L. Raffa K. F. Shuman B. Smithwick E. A. H. McLauchlan K. K. 《Landscape Ecology》2019,34(1):17-33
Context
Predicting ecosystem resilience is a challenge, especially as climate change alters disturbance regimes and conditions for recovery. Recent research has highlighted the importance of spatially-explicit disturbance and resilience processes to long-term ecosystem dynamics. “Neoecological” approaches characterize resilience mechanisms at relatively fine spatio-temporal resolutions, but results are difficult to extrapolate across broad temporal scales or climatic ranges. Paleoecological methodologies can consider the effects of climates that differ from today. However, they are often limited to coarse-grained spatio-temporal resolutions.
MethodsIn this synthesis, we describe implicit and explicit examples of studies that incorporate both neo- and paleoecological approaches. We propose ways to build on the strengths of both approaches in an explicit and proactive fashion.
ResultsLinking the two approaches is a powerful way to surpass their respective limitations. Aligning spatial scales is critical: Paleoecological sampling design should incorporate knowledge of the spatial characteristics of the disturbance process, and neoecological studies benefit from a longer-term context to their conclusions. In some cases, modeling can incorporate non-spatial data from paleoecological records or emerging spatial paleo-data networks with mechanistic disturbance/recovery processes that operate at fine spatiotemporal scales.
ConclusionsLinking these two complementary approaches is a powerful way to build a complete understanding of ecosystem disturbance and resilience.
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McLauchlan G Knottenbelt C Augusto M Helm J McGrotty Y Ramsey I 《The Journal of small animal practice》2010,51(12):642-648
Objectives : To describe the effect of trilostane on insulin requirements and serum fructosamine in dogs with diabetes mellitus (DM) and hyperadrenocorticism (HAC). Methods : Observational retrospective study of eight dogs. Results : Median fructosamine concentration at presentation was 401 μmol/L (range 244 to 554 μmol/L). Median insulin dose at presentation was 1·1 IU/kg/dose (0·4 to 2·1 IU/kg/dose) administered twice daily in five animals and once in three. Four dogs had their insulin dose prospectively reduced at the start of trilostane therapy. The HAC was controlled within 28 days in seven dogs. The remaining case was controlled by 17 weeks. Two dogs died within 40 days of starting trilostane. The median fructosamine concentration was 438 μmol/L (range 325 to 600 μmol/L) after stabilisation of the HAC. One case had a consistent reduction in serum fructosamine concentration over the first four months. The median insulin dose after stabilisation of HAC was 1·5 IU/kg dose (range 0·25 to 3·0 IU/kg/dose). Insulin requirements were reduced in two cases after treatment with trilostane. Four dogs required increased insulin doses. Clinical Significance : Insulin requirements and fructosamine concentrations do not consistently reduce during trilostane treatment for HAC. Prospective studies are required to provide recommendations regarding reductions in insulin doses with trilostane treatment. 相似文献
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Chase D McLauchlan G Eckersall PD Pratschke J Parkin T Pratschke K 《The Veterinary record》2012,170(25):648
The acute phase proteins (APP) form part of a non-specific host response to inflammation. They may be induced by a range of different causes, including infection, inflammation, cancer and trauma. As they form part of the earliest response to such insults, they have potential for early identification of disease. In people, APP levels have been shown to correlate both with the extent of disease and also the prognosis in several forms of neoplasia, including prostate, oesophageal and colorectal cancer. As such, they can be used as prognostic and monitoring tools. To date, similar studies in veterinary patients have been limited, largely retrospective in nature and many are non-specific for tumour type. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a panel of four APPs in dogs with naturally occurring mast cell tumours (MCTs) and sarcomas to identify in the first instance whether increased levels of individual APPs, or identifiable combinations of APPs, was linked with the presence of disease. In the patients with MCTs, C-reactive protein (CRP) and α-1 acid glycoprotein levels increased, with a concurrent drop in serum amyloid A levels. In the sarcoma patients, CRP, α-1 acid glycoprotein and haptoglobin were increased. These findings suggest that specific solid tumour types in dogs may be associated with specific changes in APP profiles. 相似文献
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Prevalence and risk factors for development of hemorrhagic gastro‐intestinal disease in veterinary intensive care units in the United Kingdom 
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Helm JR McLauchlan G Boden LA Frowde PE Collings AJ Tebb AJ Elwood CM Herrtage ME Parkin TD Ramsey IK 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2011,25(2):251-260
Background: Trilostane is a recognized treatment for canine pituitary‐dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH); however, its efficacy in dogs with adrenal‐dependent hyperadrenocorticism (ADH) is unknown. Objectives: To examine factors that might influence survival in the medical management of ADH, with particular emphasis on treatment selection. Animals: Thirty‐seven animals referred to 4 centers over a period of 12 years that had been diagnosed with ADH and treated with either trilostane (22/37), mitotane (13/37), or both (2/37). Methods: Retrospective analysis of clinical records. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the survival times of 13 dogs treated only with mitotane when compared with 22 dogs treated only with trilostane. The median survival time for animals treated with trilostane was 353 days (95% confidence interval [CI] 95–528 days), whereas it was 102 days (95% CI 43–277 days) for mitotane. Metastatic disease was detected in 8 of 37 dogs. There was a significantly lower probability of survival for dogs with metastatic disease when compared with those without metastatic disease (P < .001). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: The choice of medical treatment for ADH may not have a major effect on survival times. However, the presence of metastatic disease considerably decreases survival time regardless of the choice of medical treatment. 相似文献
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S G Cuvelliez S W Eicker C McLauchlan D B Brunson 《American journal of veterinary research》1990,51(8):1226-1231
Anesthesia of equids is associated with pulmonary dysfunction. Cardiovascular and respiratory effects of inhalation anesthetic agents and duration of anesthesia have been studied, using oxygen as the carrier gas. To our knowledge, the effects of inspired oxygen have not been determined. We studied the cardiovascular and respiratory effects of 2 inspired oxygen fractions (0.30 and greater than 0.85) in 5 laterally recumbent, halothane-anesthetized horses. Mean systemic arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, central venous pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, arterial pH, and arterial base excess were similar in horses of the 2 groups during 4 hours of anesthesia at constant end-tidal halothane concentration. End-tidal partial pressure of CO2, arterial partial pressure of CO2 and O2, and alveolar-to-arterial O2 tension difference were greater in horses exposed to the higher oxygen concentration. On the basis of the data obtained, we suggest that greater hypoventilation and ventilation/perfusion mismatch occur when horses are breathing high-oxygen fraction. Arterial partial pressure of O2 was not different between the 2 groups of horses after they were disconnected from the anesthesia circuit and allowed to breathe room air. Horses recovered from anesthesia without complications. 相似文献
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