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Aartsma Yavanna Hao Yueyi Dicke Marcel van der Werf Wopke Poelman Erik H. Bianchi Felix J. J. A. 《Landscape Ecology》2020,35(4):907-919
Landscape Ecology - Tritrophic interactions may be affected by local factors and the broader landscape context. At small spatial scales, carnivorous enemies of herbivorous insects use... 相似文献
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Chunjie LI Thomas W. KUYPER Wopke VAN DER WERF Junling ZHANG Haigang LI Fusuo ZHANG Ellis HOFLLAND 《土壤圈》2022,32(2):317-329
Plant species have different traits for mobilizing sparingly soluble phosphorus (P) resources, which could potentially lead to overyielding in P uptake by plant species mixtures compared to monocultures due to higher P uptake as a result of resource (P) partitioning and facilitation. However, there is circumstantial evidence at best for overyielding as a result of these mechanisms. Overyielding (the outcome) is easily confused with underlying mechanisms because of unclear definitions. We aimed to define a conceptual framework to separate outcome from underlying mechanisms and test it for facilitation and complementarity with respect to P acquisition by three plant species combinations grown on four soils. Our conceptual framework describes both mechanisms of complementarity and facilitation and outcomes (overyielding of mixtures or no overyielding) depending on the competitive ability of the species to uptake the mobilized P. Millet/chickpea mixtures were grown in pots on two calcareous soils mixed with calcium-bound P (CaP) and phytate P (PhyP). Cabbage/faba bean mixtures were grown on both acid and neutral soils mixed with P-coated iron (hydr)oxide (FeP) and PhyP. Wheat/maize mixtures were grown on all four soils. Rhizosphere carboxylate concentration and acid phosphatase activity (mechanisms) as well as plant P uptake and biomass (outcome) were determined for monocultures rhizosphere and species mixtures. Facilitation of P uptake occurred in millet/chickpea mixtures on one calcareous soil. We found no indications for P acquisition from different P sources, neither in millet/chickpea, nor in cabbage/faba bean mixtures. Cabbage and faba bean on the neutral soil differed in rhizosphere acid phosphatase activity and carboxylate concentration, but showed no overyielding. Wheat and maize, with similar root exudates, showed overyielding (the observed P uptake being 22% higher than the expected P uptake) on one calcareous soil. We concluded that although differences in plant physiological traits (root exudates) provide necessary conditions for complementarity and facilitation with respect to P uptake from different P sources, they do not necessarily result in increased P uptake by species mixtures, because of the relative competitive ability of the mixed species. 相似文献
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间作种植形成了异质冠层空间结构,但因此导致的作物生长、表型和光截获的行间差异目前还少有定量化。为解析条带间作生产力的行间差异,本研究基于田间观测数据构建植物功能-结构模型（Functional-Structural Plant Model,FSPM）,量化间作系统中光截获的行间差异。于2017—2018年开展了玉米和大豆单作、2行玉米和2行大豆的2:2 MS间作以及3行玉米和6行大豆的3:6 MS间作田间试验。基于植物生长平台GroIMP开发了玉米-大豆间作的FSPM,模型较好地模拟了叶面积指数（Leaf Area Index,LAI）、株高和光截获系数动态三个指标,均方根误差（Root Mean Square Error,RMSE）分别为0.24～0.70 m2/m2、0.06～0.17 m和0.06～0.10。田间试验结果表明,间作种植显著增加了玉米节间直径。受玉米遮阴影响,大豆节间变长、变细,且随大豆条带变窄差异越明显。模型模拟的2:2 MS间作玉米光截获比单作玉米高35.6%,3:6 MS边行玉米和内行玉米的光截获分别比单作玉米高27.8%和20.3%。2:2 MS与3:6 MS边行大豆的光截获比单作大豆分别少36.0%和28.8%;3:6 MS大豆内I行和内II行比单作大豆的光截获分别少4.1%和1.8%。基于三维FSPM,未来可进行不同生长环境下间作种植模式等的布局优化,以达到最佳系统光截获优势。 相似文献
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Qi WANG Zhanxiang SUN Wei BAI Dongsheng ZHANG Yue ZHANG Ruonan WANG Wopke VAN DER WERF Jochem B. EVERS Tjeerd-Jan STOMPH Jianping GUO Lizhen ZHANG 《农业科学与工程前沿(英文版)》2021,8(3):432
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P. Skelsey A.A.M. Holtslag Wopke van der Werf 《Agricultural and Forest Meteorology》2008,148(8-9):1383-1394
Aerial dispersal of inoculum is the primary means of movement for many plant diseases. One of the challenges of modern decision support for plant health is to provide predictions of the influx of viable pathogen inoculum from sources outside a crop. Such prediction in a practical setting requires prediction tools that have modest computing and input requirements, yet provide sufficiently accurate predictions. In this paper a hybrid dispersion model is developed, combining Taylor's statistical theory of diffusion for horizontal dispersal with the eddy diffusion theory as implemented in the Lagrangian similarity diffusion model of [van Ulden, A.P., 1978. Simple estimates for vertical diffusion from sources near the ground. Atmos. Environ. 12, 2119–2124] and [Gryning, S.E., van Ulden, A.P., Larsen, S.E., 1983. Dispersion from a continuous ground-level source investigated by a K model. Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. 109, 355–364]. The model is extended with a dry deposition method and an effective source strength. Model results are compared with experimental data for the transport of artificially released spores of Lycopodium clavatum above a potato canopy. The numerical results are in close agreement with the experimental data, which cover distances up to 100 m. Numerical predictions are compared to those produced by two alternative model versions and a previously published Gaussian plume model for the transport of spores above potato canopies. The potential for practical implementation of atmospheric dispersion models in plant disease decision support systems is discussed. 相似文献
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Effects of transgenic CrylAc plus CpTI cotton (double genes cotton) on development of main parasitoids were studied in the laboratory.Compared with the traditional cotton,the differences of the moulting rate and adult weight of cotton aphid-Aphydius from double gene cotton field were not obvious. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT An integrated approach to control of quarantine diseases at the level of the plant production chain is complicated. The involved actors have different interests and the system is complex. Consequently, control policies may not be cost effective. By means of a bio-economic model for brown rot in the Dutch potato production chain, the efficacy of different control options was quantitatively analyzed. An impact analysis was performed using the methodology of "design of experiments" to quantify the effect of factors in interaction on incidence and costs of brown rot. Factors can be grouped as policy, sector, economic, and exogenous factors. Results show that brown rot incidence and economic consequences are determined predominantly by policy and sector factors and, to a lesser extent, by economic and exogenous factors. Scenario studies were performed to elucidate how the government and sector can optimize the cost-effectiveness of brown rot control. Optimal cost-effectiveness of control requires cooperation of the sector and government, in which case brown rot incidence can be reduced by 75% and the costs of control can be reduced by at least 2 million euros per year. This study demonstrates quantitatively the potential contribution of an integrated approach to cost-effective disease control at chain level. 相似文献