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1.
Kobayashi Y Inoue N Sato G Itou T Santos HP Brito CJ Gomes AA Santos MF Silva MV Mota CS Ito FH Sakai T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(7):691-696
The incidence of canine rabies has been widely reported in Brazil, and new rabies virus (RV) variants, genetically similar to canine RV, have recently been isolated from foxes. In order to derive the epidemiological characteristics of Brazilian Carnivora RV, Brazilian RVs isolated from dogs, cats, and foxes were genetically analyzed. Brazilian Carnivora RV isolates were divided into 2 main lineages. The predominant lineage was found in dogs and cats, which included the Argentinean and Bolivian Carnivora RV isolates, and was extensively distributed throughout Brazil and surrounding countries. The other lineage consisted of three sublineages containing Brazilian dog and fox RV isolates, with the dog sublineages located on an internal branch of 2 fox sublineages, suggesting that RV transmission events might have occurred between foxes and dogs in the past. These results suggest that contact between dogs and wildlife has the potential to generate new rabies variants and that it is important to control RV infection cycles in both dogs and wildlife to prevent spread of rabies infection. 相似文献
2.
Fernando Machado-Stredel Benedictus Freeman Daniel Jiménez-Garcia Marlon E.Cobos Claudia Nu?ez-Penichet Laura Jiménez Ed Komp Utku Perktas Ali Khalighifar Kate Ingenloff Walter Tapondjou Thilina de Silva Sumudu Fernando Luis Osorio-Olvera A.Townsend Peterson 《中国鸟类》2022,(1):1-10
Studies of biodiversity dynamics have been cast on either long(systematics)or short(ecology)time scales,leaving a gap in coverage for moderate time scales of de... 相似文献
3.
Buma B. Harvey B. J. Gavin D. G. Kelly R. Loboda T. McNeil B. E. Marlon J. R. Meddens A. J. H. Morris J. L. Raffa K. F. Shuman B. Smithwick E. A. H. McLauchlan K. K. 《Landscape Ecology》2019,34(1):17-33
Context
Predicting ecosystem resilience is a challenge, especially as climate change alters disturbance regimes and conditions for recovery. Recent research has highlighted the importance of spatially-explicit disturbance and resilience processes to long-term ecosystem dynamics. “Neoecological” approaches characterize resilience mechanisms at relatively fine spatio-temporal resolutions, but results are difficult to extrapolate across broad temporal scales or climatic ranges. Paleoecological methodologies can consider the effects of climates that differ from today. However, they are often limited to coarse-grained spatio-temporal resolutions.
MethodsIn this synthesis, we describe implicit and explicit examples of studies that incorporate both neo- and paleoecological approaches. We propose ways to build on the strengths of both approaches in an explicit and proactive fashion.
ResultsLinking the two approaches is a powerful way to surpass their respective limitations. Aligning spatial scales is critical: Paleoecological sampling design should incorporate knowledge of the spatial characteristics of the disturbance process, and neoecological studies benefit from a longer-term context to their conclusions. In some cases, modeling can incorporate non-spatial data from paleoecological records or emerging spatial paleo-data networks with mechanistic disturbance/recovery processes that operate at fine spatiotemporal scales.
ConclusionsLinking these two complementary approaches is a powerful way to build a complete understanding of ecosystem disturbance and resilience.
相似文献4.
Objective— To determine the diagnostic validity of commonly used physical examination maneuvers for shoulder instability.
Study Design— Retrospective study.
Animals— Dogs (n=24) referred for shoulder arthroscopy.
Methods— Results of physical maneuvers and arthroscopic findings were recorded and sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratios (LR+), and negative likelihood ratios (LR−) were calculated for each of 4 physical examination test findings for arthroscopic changes in the medial, lateral, cranial, or caudal compartments of the shoulder joint viewed in dorsal recumbency by lateral and craniomedial portals.
Results— Distribution of compartment changes was: medial (17 dogs), caudal (15), cranial (12), and lateral (5). The biceps test had a moderate effect (LR+=9) on post-test probability of cranial compartment changes and a small effect on post-test probability of lateral and caudal compartment changes (LR+=3 and 2.4, respectively). Hyperabduction had a minimal effect and mediolateral instability test had a small effect (LR+=1.64 and 2.68, respectively) on post-test probability of medial compartment changes. Craniocaudal instability test had little to no effect on post-test probability of changes in any compartment.
Conclusions— Physical examination tests evaluated were limited in their ability to predict the type of arthroscopic pathology in this study population.
Clinical Relevance — Clinicians should understand that a diagnostic test performs inconsistently based on prevalence of a condition in a given patient population. The use of likelihood ratios can assist clinicians in determining the probability of intraarticular changes from a group with a differing prevalence than the patient population presented. 相似文献
Study Design— Retrospective study.
Animals— Dogs (n=24) referred for shoulder arthroscopy.
Methods— Results of physical maneuvers and arthroscopic findings were recorded and sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratios (LR+), and negative likelihood ratios (LR−) were calculated for each of 4 physical examination test findings for arthroscopic changes in the medial, lateral, cranial, or caudal compartments of the shoulder joint viewed in dorsal recumbency by lateral and craniomedial portals.
Results— Distribution of compartment changes was: medial (17 dogs), caudal (15), cranial (12), and lateral (5). The biceps test had a moderate effect (LR+=9) on post-test probability of cranial compartment changes and a small effect on post-test probability of lateral and caudal compartment changes (LR+=3 and 2.4, respectively). Hyperabduction had a minimal effect and mediolateral instability test had a small effect (LR+=1.64 and 2.68, respectively) on post-test probability of medial compartment changes. Craniocaudal instability test had little to no effect on post-test probability of changes in any compartment.
Conclusions— Physical examination tests evaluated were limited in their ability to predict the type of arthroscopic pathology in this study population.
Clinical Relevance — Clinicians should understand that a diagnostic test performs inconsistently based on prevalence of a condition in a given patient population. The use of likelihood ratios can assist clinicians in determining the probability of intraarticular changes from a group with a differing prevalence than the patient population presented. 相似文献
5.
Cleridy E. Lennert‐Cody Shelley C. Clarke Alexandre Aires‐da‐Silva Mark N. Maunder Peter J. S. Franks Marlon Romn Arthur J. Miller Mihoko Minami 《Fisheries Oceanography》2019,28(1):43-53
Recent large fluctuations in an index of relative abundance for the silky shark in the eastern Pacific Ocean have called into question its reliability as a population indicator for management. To investigate whether these fluctuations were driven by environmental forcing rather than true changes in abundance, a Pacific‐wide approach was taken. Data collected by observers aboard purse‐seine vessels fishing in the equatorial Pacific were used to compute standardized trends in relative abundance by region, and where possible, by shark size category as a proxy for life stage. These indices were compared to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), an index of Pacific Ocean climate variability. Correlation between silky indices and the PDO was found to differ by region and size category. The highest correlations by shark size category were for small (<90 cm total length [TL]) and medium (90–150 cm TL) sharks from the western region of the equatorial eastern Pacific (EP) and from the equatorial western Pacific. This correlation disappeared in the inshore EP. Throughout, correlations with the PDO were generally lower for large silky sharks (>150 cm TL). These results are suggestive of changes in the small and medium silky indices being driven by movement of juvenile silky sharks across the Pacific as the eastern edge of the Indo‐Pacific Warm Pool shifts location with ENSO events. Lower correlation of the PDO with large shark indices may indicate that those indices were less influenced by environmental forcing and therefore potentially less biased with respect to monitoring population trends. 相似文献
6.
Alexandre R. Cabral Marlon A. Capanema Julia Gebert Joao F. Moreira Louis B. Jugnia 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2010,209(1-4):157-172
Stable isotope analyses were performed on gas samples collected within two instrumented biocovers, with the goal of evaluating CH4 oxidation efficiencies (f 0). In each of the biocovers, gas probes were installed at four locations and at several depths. One of the biocovers was fed with biogas directly from the waste mass, whereas the other was fed through a gas distribution system that allowed monitoring of biogas fluxes. While the f 0 values obtained at a depth of 0.1 m were low (between 0.0% and 25.2%) for profiles with poor aeration, they were high for profiles with better aeration, reaching 89.7%. Several interrelated factors affecting aeration seem to be influencing f 0, including the degree of water saturation, the magnitude of the biogas flux and the temperature within the substrate. Low f 0 values do not mean necessarily that little CH4 was oxidized. In fact, in certain cases where the CH4 loading was high, the absolute amount of CH4 oxidized was quite high and comparable to the rate of CH4 oxidation for cases with low CH4 loading and high f 0. For the experimental biocover for which the CH4 loading was known, the oxidation efficiency obtained using stable isotopes (f 0?=?55.67% for samples taken inside flux chambers) was compared to the value obtained by mass balance (f 0?=?70.0%). Several factors can explain this discrepancy, including the high sensitivity of f 0 to slight changes in the isotopic fractionation factor for bacterial oxidation, α ox, uncertainties related to mass flow metre readings and to the static chamber method. 相似文献
7.
Stephen R. Morin Marlon Calibo Marilyn Garcia-Belen Jean-Louis Pham Florencia Palis 《Agriculture and Human Values》2002,19(2):133-149
Rice crop diversity hasdecreased dramatically in the recent past.Understanding the causes that underlie theevident genetic erosion is critical for thefood security of subsistence rice farmers andbiodiversity. Our study shows that farmers inthe northeastern Philippines had a markedreduction in rice diversity from 1996 to 1998.The ultimate causes were a drought resultingfrom the El Niño phenomenon in 1997 andflooding due to two successive typhoons in1998. The proximate causes, however, includedlocal water control factors, limitations in thehousehold and village-level seedinfrastructure, farm location in relation tothe goods and services necessary to obtainseeds, policies and programs of the Departmentof Agriculture, and the characteristics of therice varieties themselves. The implications ofour study are that genetic erosion is notalways the result of purposeful acts by farmersnor is it necessarily gradual. Improvingon-farm seed technology will stabilize the seedproduction, distribution, and use system andthereby enhance household food security.Ultimately, rice diversity will be improvedonly if diversity is a safe and viable optionfor farmers. Therefore, public policy thatsupports farmers who maintain a diverse set ofcultivars is critical for any on-farmconservation strategy. 相似文献
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9.
Rafael?R.?Cantú Celso?AitaEmail author Alexandre?Doneda Diego?A.?Giacomini Alexandre?Dessbesell Marlon?Arenhardt Géssica?G.?De Bastiani Stefen?B.?Pujol Philippe?Rochette Martin?H.?Chantigny Sandro?J.?Giacomini 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2017,53(6):589-599
Alternative fertilization practices are needed for reducing gaseous and leaching N losses at high urea application rates. The objective of this study was to compare gaseous N emissions (N2O and NH3) and NO3 ? concentrations in the soil solution during two successive lettuce cropping seasons under contrasting fertilization practices. Treatments were fertilization with regular urea (U), urea treated with urease [N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT)] and nitrification [dicyandiamide (DCD)] inhibitors (UIs), non-acidified pig slurry compost (PSC), acidified pig slurry compost (APSC), and an unfertilized control (C). Acidification of pig slurry during composting had no impact on soil cumulative N2O emissions during the cropping seasons. The use of composts resulted in emission factors (EFs) (PSC, 0.09% of applied N; APSC, 0.16%) an order of magnitude smaller than with regular urea (1.63%). Similarly, adding NBPT and DCD to urea reduced the N2O EF from 1.63 to 0.37% of applied N and fertilizer-induced NH3 emissions from 30.2 to 3.4% of applied N. Composts and UI resulted in yield-scaled N2O emissions that were 33 to 49% lower than the unfertilized control and 64 to 73% lower than the regular urea estimates, indicating a greater efficiency of supplied N with composts and UI. Nitrate concentration of the soil solution (at 0.1 and 0.3 m) in PSC, APSC, and UI plots was similar to the control and up to 17 times lower than with regular urea, indicating reduced risks for leaching losses. We conclude that, as compared to regular urea, the use of composted pig slurry, with and without acidification, and the addition of NBPT and DCD inhibitors to urea are good practices to reduce environmental N losses from lettuce production under sub-tropical climate. 相似文献
10.
Lucas Rafael de Souza Camacho Marlon Mathias Dacal Coan Carlos Alberto Scapim Ronald Jos Barth Pinto Dauri Jos Tessmann Rodrigo Ivn Contreras‐Soto 《Plant Breeding》2019,138(6):770-780
Southern corn rust (SCR) is a fungal disease found on corn in several countries worldwide. In Brazil, the disease can result in productivity losses of 65%, especially in areas with a history of the disease. In this study, the genetic architecture and identification of genomic regions associated with SCR resistance was investigated by performing a genome‐wide association study. Genotyping‐by‐sequencing was performed to carry out the association between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and phenotypic data from two environments on a panel of 164 maize inbred lines. Eight SNPs were identified as significant for SCR resistance. These SNPs were colocalized with QTL regions, some of which underlie candidate resistance genes with functions that play an important role in the stress response during pathogen recognition. These candidate genes, involved in plant defense pathways, could be associated with partial resistance to SCR and provide a partial comprehensive insight into the genetic architecture of this trait. After validation of the SNPs, they will be useful for marker–assisted selection and for a better understanding of maize resistance to SCR. 相似文献