氧漂期间桦木硫酸盐纸浆表面性质变化的探讨     

金广林  王凤君 《东北林业大学学报》1993,21(4):53-58

尝试性地应用ESCA对桦木硫酸盐浆氧漂期间表面性质的变化进行了初步分析。结果表明:桦木硫酸盐浆氧漂期间氧碳比逐渐增加,碳价态发生了显著的变化。这对于指导纸浆氧漂工艺条件的合理制定,预测或控制纸浆的宏观质量有非常重要作用。ESCA可为研究纸浆漂白提供新的有效手段。  相似文献   

Growth and yield models for uneven-sized forest stands in Finland   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Timo Pukkala  Erkki Lähde  Olavi Laiho 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009

Uneven-sized forestry is gradually gaining popularity and acceptability also in the Nordic countries. This is because of the willingness of the public and some forest owners to avoid clear-fellings and pursue more near-nature forest structures. It has also been realized that the profitability of uneven-sized forestry may be competitive with even-aged forestry. In Finland, management of uneven-sized stands is hampered by the lack of information about the dynamics of such stands, and about the yield and profitability of uneven-sized forestry. This study developed models which allow managers to simulate the growth and yield of uneven-sized stands in Finland, making it possible to predict the yield and analyze the sustainability of different management options. The model set consists of individual-tree diameter increment, height and survival models, and a model for ingrowth. The modeling data consisted of two long-term field experiments of uneven-sized forest management, a set of temporary sample plots measured earlier for growth modeling purposes, and the sample plots of the third National Forest Inventory of Finland. The application area of the models covers all growing sites, all main tree species, and the whole surface area of Finland. According to the models, the sustainable harvest of a fertile (Oxalis-Myrtillus site) uneven-sized Norway spruce forest varies between 5.5 and 7 m³ ha⁻¹ a⁻¹ in Central Finland, depending on the length of the cutting cycle, stand density, and shape of the diameter distribution. It is profitable to harvest large diameter classes more heavily than small ones. Due to the large amount of data the models for diameter increment are highly significant and reliably show the growth level of trees in uneven-sized stands. The weakest models are the ingrowth models, which are based on a clearly smaller data set than the other models.  相似文献   

白桦抗虫基因转化的初步研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

詹亚光  刘志华  王玉成  王志英  杨传平  刘桂丰 《东北林业大学学报》2001,29(6):4-6

用根癌农杆菌介导法对白桦（Betula platyphylla)进行转化，获得了转化再生植株。卡那霉素抗性愈伤组织产生率达10%-22%，抗性不定枝的生根率达80%以上。经分子生物学检测，在卡那霉素抗性转化植株中，有34%检测出GUS活性，76.5%的卡那霉素抗性植株的Southern斑点杂交呈阳性反应。初步证明，抗虫基因已转入白桦中。  相似文献   

大通白桦林改造措施及成效分析     

赵竹梅 《青海农林科技》2010,(3):86-87

大通县白桦低效林在白桦林分中占29%,在乔木林中占10.6%,且有逐年增加的趋势。通过对大通县老爷山公园后山白桦更新造林措施、成效分析,提出白桦林改造的较好途径。  相似文献   

天然白桦林的特点与经营   总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6  

柴一新 《东北林业大学学报》2000,28(5):31-34

通过白桦林样地调查,对白桦林进行了径级分析、死亡木分析和经营分析。结果表明,白桦林是一个不稳定的次生林型。在大片次生林中的白桦林天然更新非常好。现在硬阔已进入演替层;死亡木用“一边竞争”的模型进行预测效果较好。根据分析提出对白桦林进行上层疏伐的经营方法。  相似文献   

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NUTRIENT CYCLING IN BIRCH STANDS WITH DIFFERENT AGE STAGES     

鲍淳松  桑运荣  王传宽  金秀玉 《林业研究》1996,7(1):7-10

SuccessionisthedynanucdeveloPInentofecosystemswhichcanbecharactetindbyenergyandndneralcyclings.Eachsuccessionstagehasitscharaceristicsofelementcycling.SomeschOlarshaveStatedbutbrieflawsofnutrienCyclinginsuccessionstagesI"3I.InthespaPer,thenutrientcyclingcharacterishcsofbirchsuccessionseriesinXiaokinganlingwerediscussed.SwrYAasAroarernoDSThestUdyareaislocatedinLiangshniNatUralReservesinthendddieofXiaox-ing'anlilg(l28"53,2o'rE,47olo'5O"N).Theclimat6belongstocontinentalmonsoonclimate,W…  相似文献   

The role of competitors for <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chrysomela lapponica</Emphasis>, a north Eurasian willow pest,in pioneering a new host plant     

Jürgen Gross  Nina E. Fatouros  Seppo Neuvonen  Monika Hilker 《Journal of pest science》2007,80(3):139-143

The Palaearctic leaf beetle Chrysomela lapponica usually feeds upon willows in the northern region of its occurrence. However, in Central Europe, some populations are known that have specialised on birch. In this study, we investigated the significance of other herbivores occurring together on the same host plants as possible exploitative competitors of C. lapponica. Two populations were studied: a population from Finland specialised on the willow Salix borealis, and a population from the Czech Republic, specialised on the birch Betula pubescens. Abundances of folivorous and suctivorous insects on both host plants were recorded at both population sites. The willow leaf beetle Phratora vitellinae was the most abundant herbivorous insect at both study sites on willow. A field study was conducted to examine the effects of P. vitellinae on the performance of C. lapponica. The presence of P. vitellinae larvae on the same twig upon which C. lapponica larvae were feeding did not affect increase of body weight in C. lapponica larvae. Thus, the high resource availability of both willows and birches suggest that interspecific competition is unlikely to be a selection factor driving the evolution of host shift in C. lapponica.  相似文献   

The influence of precipitation pulses on soil respiration - Assessing the “Birch effect” by stable carbon isotopes     

Stephan Unger  Cristina Máguas  Teresa S. David 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2010,42(10):1800-1810

Sudden pulse-like events of rapidly increasing CO₂-efflux occur in soils under seasonally dry climates in response to rewetting after drought. These occurrences, termed “Birch effect”, can have a marked influence on the ecosystem carbon balance. Current hypotheses indicate that the “Birch” pulse is caused by rapidly increased respiration and mineralization rates in response to changing moisture conditions but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Here, we present data from an experimental field study using straight-forward stable isotope methodology to gather new insights into the processes induced by rewetting of dried soils and evaluate current hypotheses for the “Birch“-CO₂-pulse. Two irrigation experiments were conducted on bare soil, root-free soil and intact vegetation during May and August 2005 in a semi-arid Mediterranean holm oak forest in southern Portugal. We continuously monitored CO₂-fluxes along with their isotopic compositions before, during and after the irrigation. δ¹³C signatures of the first CO₂-efflux burst, occurring immediately after rewetting, fit the hypothesis that the “Birch” pulse is caused by the rapid mineralization of either dead microbial biomass or osmoregulatory substances released by soil microorganisms in response to hypo-osmotic stress in order to avoid cell lyses. The response of soil CO₂-efflux to rewetting was smaller under mild (May) than under severe drought (August) and isotopic compositions indicated a larger contribution of anaplerotic carbon uptake with increasing soil desiccation. Both length and severity of drought periods probably play a key role for the microbial response to the rewetting of soils and thus for ecosystem carbon sequestration.  相似文献   

白桦树高级单株木材种出材率表的编制     

王志刚  高振寰  李国春  穆鑫 《林业科技》2004,29(3):14-16

本文利用白桦的测径样木，结合最优的削度方程，编制了白桦树高级单木材种出材率表，精度较高。可在生产实践中加以应用。  相似文献   

Potential role of soil calcium in recovery of paper birch following ice storm injury in Vermont, USA     

Joshua M. Halman  Paul G. SchabergGary J. Hawley  Christopher F. Hansen 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,261(9):1539-1545

In recent years, an increased number of mature paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) and heart-leafed paper birch (B. papyrifera var. cordifolia (Regel) Fern.) in northeastern United States forests have exhibited decline symptoms including foliar loss, reduced fine branching, and tree mortality. We assessed crown health, radial growth, and available soil cations in 2006 as a preliminary assessment of factors that may be influencing paper birch decline. Tree rings began to decrease in width in 1998—the year of a severe region-wide ice storm. All trees (regardless of their current decline status) experienced reduced growth starting in 1998 and tree growth continued to decrease for two years following the ice storm. After this generalized growth decrease, trees that now have vigorous crowns showed a marked increase in growth, whereas trees that now have low crown vigor did not rebound in growth, but instead exhibited a significantly higher incidence of locally absent annual rings. Extractable soil-aluminum (Al), a phytotoxic element mobilized by acid deposition, was significantly higher in soils associated with declining trees compared to those adjacent to vigorous trees. Higher soil calcium (Ca) availability was associated with both vigorous crowns and increased radial growth following the 1998 ice storm. Furthermore, increased soil Ca availability was negatively correlated to the percentage of declining trees, and positively related to increased radial growth, whereas elevation was not significantly associated with either parameter. Although previously overlooked as a factor influencing paper birch recovery from injury, we found that available soil Ca was linked to crown vigor and rebounds in growth following an inciting event.  相似文献