Bulk pollen pollination in maize for efficient construction of introgression populations with high genome coverage     

Pingxi Wang  Hongwei Zhang  Demar lyle  Dongdong Li  Guoying Wang  Qingchun Pan  Jianhua Wang 《Plant Breeding》2019,138(3):252-258

Introgression populations consist of a set of introgression lines or families, constructed by continuous backcrossing to the recurrent parent, while carrying a limited number of chromosome segments from a donor parent in their genomes. Increasing the genome coverage is an important aim when constructing introgression population. In this study, we proposed bulk pollen pollination (BPP) method and used it to increase the genome coverage of a maize introgression population. The results showed that the genome coverage of the introgression population constructed using BPP method reached 100% at BC₃ generation, which accorded with the simulation result. The BPP‐based BC₃F_1:2 population could identify most quantitative trait loci (QTL) detected using the F_2:3 population, especially major QTL. Simulation analysis showed that the genome coverage of introgression population increased with the increase of population size and the number of bulked plants, and decreased with the increase of backcross generation. Our results proved the reliability of the BPP‐based introgression population in increasing genome coverage and detecting QTL, and provided references for constructing high‐coverage introgression populations.  相似文献   

香蕉与B基因组相关的SCAR标记研究     

王芳  牛玉清  黄秉智  崔广娟  张珂恒  曾莉莎  刘文清  吕顺  郭权香  何建齐 《园艺学报》2019,46(3):577-589

香蕉(Musa L.)是由2个二倍体野生种Musa acuminata Colla(AA基因型)和Musa balbisiana Colla(BB基因型)种内或种间杂交进化而来,其B基因组中带有重要的优良基因。利用与香蕉B基因组相关的gypsy-IRAP分子标记,成功开发了一对SCAR引物,适用于鉴定尖叶蕉(AAw)、长梗蕉(BB)、香牙蕉(AAA)、贡蕉(AAcv)、大蕉、粉蕉(ABB)、粉大蕉(ABB)、龙牙蕉(AAB)以及四倍体香蕉(AAAB)等是否含有B基因组。  相似文献   

Pigeonpea improvement: An amalgam of breeding and genomic research     

Sameer Kumar Chanda Venkata  Ganga Rao Nadigatla Veera Prabha Rama  Rachit K. Saxena  Kulbhushan Saxena  Hari D. Upadhyaya  Moses Siambi  Said N. Silim  Kothapally Narasimha Reddy  Anupama J. Hingane  Mamta Sharma  Shivali Sharma  Stephen Dominic Lyimo  Rose Ubwe  Meshack Makenge  Kananji Gad  Paul Kiprotich Kimurto  Manuel Amane  Kennedy Kanenga  Yuventino Obong  Emanuel Monyo  Chris Ojiewo  Nagesh Kumar Mallela Venkata  Jaganmohan Polineni Rao  Prashanthi Lakkireddy  Sudhakar Chourat  Indraprakash Singh  Sobhan Sajja  Shruthi Hirikara Beliappa  Rajeev K. Varshney 《Plant Breeding》2019,138(4):445-454

In the past five decades, constant research has been directed towards yield improvement in pigeonpea resulting in the deployment of several commercially acceptable cultivars in India. Though, the genesis of hybrid technology, the biggest breakthrough, enigma of stagnant productivity still remains unsolved. To sort this productivity disparity, genomic research along with conventional breeding was successfully initiated at ICRISAT. It endowed ample genomic resource providing insight in the pigeonpea genome combating production constraints in a precise and speedy manner. The availability of the draft genome sequence with a large‐scale marker resource, oriented the research towards trait mapping for flowering time, determinacy, fertility restoration, yield attributing traits and photo‐insensitivity. Defined core and mini‐core collection, still eased the pigeonpea breeding being accessible for existing genetic diversity and developing stress resistance. Modern genomic tools like next‐generation sequencing, genome‐wide selection helping in the appraisal of selection efficiency is leading towards next‐generation breeding, an awaited milestone in pigeonpea genetic enhancement. This paper emphasizes the ongoing genetic improvement in pigeonpea with an amalgam of conventional breeding as well as genomic research.  相似文献   

大花君子兰叶绿体基因组及其特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

郑祎  张卉  王钦美  高悦  张志宏  孙玉新 《园艺学报》2020,47(12):2439-2450

采用Illumina MiSeq测序平台对大花君子兰（Clivia miniata）叶片总DNA进行测序，通过组装获得了其叶绿体基因组（cpDNA）全长序列（158 114 bp）。对其cpDNA注释得到135个基因，包含87个蛋白编码基因、40个tRNA基因和8个rRNA基因。采用生物信息学方法对获得的cpDNA进行简单序列重复（SSR）分析和密码子偏好性分析。结果显示：①大花君子兰cpDNA中共有61个SSR位点，其中单核苷酸、二核苷酸、三核苷酸、四核苷酸、五核苷酸和六核苷酸重复数分别为38、9、2、8、3和1个，多数SSR分布在基因间隔区；②大花君子兰cpDNA密码子偏爱以A或U（T）结尾，亮氨酸使用频率最高，半胱氨酸使用频率最低。基于24种植物的cpDNA全长和23种植物的叶绿体ycf2基因序列进行系统发育分析，结果显示大花君子兰与石蒜科植物在同一分支，显示最近的亲缘关系，支持大花君子兰属于石蒜科。基于叶绿体ycf2的系统发育分析结果与基于cpDNA全长的系统发育分析研究结果大部分相同，支持ycf2基因可以代替cpDNA全长用于植物系统发育分析。  相似文献   

大豆对大豆胞囊线虫侵染的应答机制研究     

焦梦瑶  董铮  刘世名  李魏 《大豆科学》2017,36(3)

大豆胞囊线虫病(Heterodera glycines,soybean cyst nematode,SCN)是大豆生产上的重要病害,其特点为危害重、分布广、难防治,每年对大豆生产造成极大的损失。种植大豆抗性新品种是防治SCN目前最为有效的措施,研究大豆对SCN侵染的应答机制,是培育大豆持久抗病品种的前提,对加快抗线虫品种选育及SCN的防控具有重要的意义。本文综述了大豆对SCN侵染的组织细胞学应答机制;介绍了大豆在SCN侵染后酶系变化及酚类代谢的生理生化应答机制;从分子水平阐明了SCN侵染后大豆的基因转录变化,差异蛋白及DNA甲基化的应答机制,以期为大豆胞囊线虫病害的进一步研究与防治提供参考。  相似文献   

鸡的微卫星DNA标记与胴体性状的相关分析   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

陈晖  郑丽祯  陈岩锋  郑嫩珠  缪中纬  陈宽维  汤青萍 《中国家禽》2004,8(Z1):137-140

测定了青脚麻鸡与隐性白鸡杂交后自交的F2代个体的全净堂重、全净堂率、脂肪宽带、腹脂重和腹脂率6个胴体性状,检测10个微卫星DNA标记,对标记基因型胴体性状值进行方差分析和多重比较,结果表明:MCW328对于10周龄体重和全净膛重两性状各基因型均有显著的差异(P<0.05);ADL292对于腹脂重性状各基因型有极显著的差异(P<0.01),对于腹脂率有显著的差异(P<0.05)。MCW328标记基因与控制10周龄体重和全净膛重QTL连锁,ADL292标记基因与控制腹脂重和腹脂率QTL连锁。  相似文献   

S1核酸酶突变检测法的优化     

李春雨 王涛梁本国  李光晨 《勤云标准版测试》2004,(5)

优化了S1核酸酶突变检测体系,结果表明(1)扩增法比杂交法产生异源双链DNA更节省时间;(2)PCR产物可以直接作为突变检测的底物;(3)适当降低反应温度、适当增加反应缓冲液中的NaCl浓度、适当缩短反应时间可提高突变检测效果。  相似文献   

Genetic diversity of herbicide-resistant and -susceptible Avena fatua populations in North Dakota and Minnesota     

L W MENGISTU  C G MESSERSMITH  & M J CHRISTOFFERS 《Weed Research》2005,45(6):413-423

Genetic diversity within and among 20 herbicide-resistant (HR) and 16 herbicide-susceptible (HS) Avena fatua multi-field populations was determined using 82 polymorphic loci resulting from two intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers and one long-primer random amplified polymorphic DNA (LP-RAPD) primer. Collections from the Red River Valley of North Dakota and Minnesota, sampled in 1964 and 2000, represented A. fatua populations before and after intensive exposure to herbicides. A 1995 collection from south-west North Dakota represented A. fatua exposed to low herbicide selection. Despite differences in years of herbicide exposure among collections, both HR and HS populations from every collection maintained nearly similar levels of ISSR and RAPD diversity. Genetic differentiation among populations (G_ST) varied from 11% to 13% among HR populations and from 9% to 16% among HS populations, indicating that 84–91% of total variation remained within HS or within HR populations. Minimal difference in gene diversity between HR and HS is consistent with multiple origins of resistance, where HR A. fatua most likely evolved from diverse founding individuals.  相似文献   

花生DNA导入大豆育种效果的研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王丕武  张晓玲 《吉林农业科学》1994,(3):18-20,55

利用花粉管通道在大豆自花授粉后将花生ＤＮＡ导入栽培大豆受体中，引起受体的结荚习性、株高、成熟期，主茎节数、分枝数、产量性状和化学品质等性状的广泛变异。对变异株进行选择，获得了产量比受体提高１１．９％～２５．１％，蛋白质含量提高３．９％～５．３％的变异株系。实验结果表明：利用外源ＤＮＡ导入技术进行生态性状、产量性状和化学品质方向的育种是可能的。  相似文献   

鸡新城疫病毒F基因和鸡IL—2重组DNA疫苗的构建   总被引：40，自引：0，他引：40  

姜永厚  陈奖励  宋秀龙  童光志  孔宪刚  刘忠贵 《中国预防兽医学报》2001,23(2):81-84

利用已克隆到的新城疫D26株F基因和鸡IL－2基因，经过载体改建，将他们共同克隆于真核表达质粒pCDNA3上，经酶切分析、PCR鉴定证实成功构建了共表达鸡新城疫病毒F基因和鸡IL－2的重组质粒，为探讨禽类重组基因疫苗的构建及鸡IL－2在基因疫苗中的作用奠定了基础。  相似文献