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以相关文献中药剂抑菌试验的结果为参考,选用7种常见杀菌剂,在天津汉沽地区针对烂皮型溃疡病较重的毛白杨和水泡型溃疡病较重的107杨开展药剂防治试验,防治前后分别进行病情调查,并对调查结果和防治成本进行了统计分析。防效分析结果表明:腐烂净(腐殖酸铜)、轮腐净(甲硫·福美胂)对烂皮型溃疡病防效最好,病情抑制率依次为75.33%,70.89%,且二者防效无显著差异(P0.05);80%多菌灵可湿性粉剂和轮腐净(甲硫·福美胂)对水泡型溃疡病防效最好,病情抑制率依次为72.00%,68.44%,且二者防效无显著差异(P0.05)。防治成本分析表明:不包含病斑刮除的人工费用(80元·百株-1),腐烂净(腐殖酸铜)和轮腐净(甲硫·福美胂)成本最低,分别为44.6元·百株-1和51.5元·百株-1,80%多菌灵可湿性粉剂成本较高,达到73.5元·百株-1。综合考虑防治效果和经济效益,轮腐净(甲硫·福美胂)是防治两种类型溃疡病的最优选择。 相似文献
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杨树溃疡病菌三菌系形态和生理学特性的研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
对不同产地、不同寄主的杨树溃疡病菌(Dothiorelagregaria)的A、B、C三菌系的形态特征、生理学特性进行了系统研究。结果表明:在菌落特征、子实体形态和形成方式及分生孢子大小等方面,菌系A、C和菌系B相差较大,菌系A、C的子实体形成对碳、氮源具有一定的选择性,而菌系B在各种碳、氮源培养基上均可产生;三菌系对温度的要求较相近,但对pH值的反应差异较大;在不同的培养液对分生孢子萌发的试验中,菌系A、C的萌发率普遍高于菌系B 相似文献
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沙漠蝗生物学特性及防治技术研究进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
历史记载中,沙漠蝗Schistocerca gregaria(Forsk.,1775)主要在北非发生,对当地农作物构成严重威胁。大规模发生时,可向西亚等地继续扩散为害。2020年初沙漠蝗在巴基斯坦、印度大量发生,肆虐为害,对粮食安全和生态安全构成了严重威胁。因其具有迁飞性,周边多个国家面临重大入侵风险。因本次沙漠蝗发生规模与破坏程度堪比1985年非洲蝗灾,2020年2月11日,联合国粮农组织(FAO)向全球发布预警:"高度戒备正在肆虐的蝗灾,防止被入侵国家出现粮食危机"。本文介绍了沙漠蝗分类地位、形态学特征,概述了沙漠蝗生物学特性、监测预警与防治技术研究进展,为科学防控沙漠蝗提供理论支撑。 相似文献
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杨树溃疡病菌三菌系及诱导物对寄主两种酶活性的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
测定了杨树溃疡病菌(Dothiorelagregaria)三菌系直接感染及三菌系代谢产物、菌丝体提取物等两类诱导物诱导毛白杨(Populustomentosa)愈伤组织过氧化物酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶的活性。结果表明,两个不同生理型的杨树溃疡病菌对寄主过氧化物酶活性的诱导作用差异较大,但对苯丙氨酸解氨酸活性诱导作用的大小与不同生理型之间没有必然联系 相似文献
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杨树树皮内过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶活性与抗溃疡病的关系 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
通过对18个杨树品种和无性系田间发病情况调查,排出了对溃疡病的抗性序列,同时,通过在生长季节初期,测定健康杨树树皮内过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶的活性,分析了这两种酶的活性与杨树抗溃疡病的关系。结果表明,这两种酶的活性与树种对溃疡病的抗病性呈正相关,过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶活性强,树种的抗病性就强;反之则弱。酶的活性高低可以做为杨树抗溃疡病育种和抗病性测定中的一个“抗性指标”。 相似文献
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The acute and chronic toxicities of three benzoylphenyl ureas, diflubenzuron, hexaflumuron and teflubenzuron were assessed under laboratory conditions against two-day-old second (II) instar Desert Locust, Schistocerca gregaria (ForskÅl) nymphs. Following exposure by ingestion of a single precise dose applied to short pieces of spring barley, nymphs were monitored for two moults until the fourth (IV) instar. Analysis of acute response data gave three significantly different LD50 statistics (P < 0·05), 68·0, 26·6 and 0·71 μg per nymph respectively for diflubenzuron, hexaflumuron and teflubenzuron. The probit regression slopes also differed significantly, indicating distinct tolerance distributions for the three compounds, the narrowest response being to diflubenzuron and the widest range of response being to teflubenzuron. The timing of death was found to vary between the compounds; most nymphs died during the first moult following treatment with either hexaflumuron or teflubenzuron. However, the majority of nymphs that died after exposure to diflubenzuron did so after completing the first moult after treatment, but before the second. The mean development times of nymphs during the II and especially third (III) instars were significantly longer (P < 0·05) than those of the controls following exposure to diflubenzuron and hexaflumuron. Teflubenzuron had no significant effect (P < 0·05) on the duration of the II instar. The potential of the three compounds to control S. gregaria populations in the field is discussed with particular reference to the timing and nature of acute and chronic responses. 相似文献