中国栽培平菇的酯酶同工酶分析   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

郑素月  张金霞  黄晨阳 《食用菌学报》2003,10(4):1-6

采用电泳技术对我国大规模栽培的64个平菇商业菌株进行酯酶同工酶分析。结果表明，我国栽培平菇菌种多样性丰富，64个菌株有44个酶谱类型，不同菌株有各自特有的酯酶同工酶酶谱。聚类分析表明，供试菌株在60％相似水平上分为6大类：第一类包括以白黄侧耳为代表的21个菌株；第二类包括以德国引进菌株为代表的6个未定种名菌株；第三类包括7个白黄侧耳与佛罗里达侧耳杂交的杂交种及4个未定种名菌株；第四类包括以佛罗里达侧耳为代表的5个菌株；第五类包括以糙皮侧耳为代表的14个菌株；第六类包括以肺形侧耳为代表的7个菌株。  相似文献   

珠江三角洲地区生鲜农产品冷链网络化运输技术     

曾艳英  李旭东 《湖南农机》2015,(3):92-93

文章主要是对我国的珠江三角洲地区的生鲜农产品冷链的物流方式进行探究,结合现在我国的生鲜农产品冷链运输技术的现状和发展前景进行大胆的预测,并提出我国的珠江三角洲地区的生鲜农产品冷链的运输技术的网络化的建议。  相似文献   

ERIC-PCR技术在平菇菌株鉴定中的应用     

何培新  刘伟  程雁  郭恒  申进文 《河南农业大学学报》2007,41(6):659-663

研究了ER IC-PCR技术在平菇栽培菌株鉴定中的应用.结果表明,在22个供试平菇菌株和对照香菇菌株中,ER IC-PCR扩增出的条带清晰,重复性好,多态性高.聚类分析表明,在聚类重新标定距离为15的水平上,23个菌株聚类成8大类群:糙皮侧耳栽培菌株分别归属第1和第2大类群;秀珍菇5号、4011、白灵菇2号、杏鲍菇、鲍鱼菇和香菇分别独立地聚类为不同的大类群.在聚类重新标定距离为20时,鲍鱼菇和香菇聚类在一起,其他平菇菌株聚类在一起.这表明ER IC-PCR技术可以应用于平菇栽培菌株的鉴定,但也说明该技术在食用菌分类鉴定应用上的局限性,同时也说明食用菌需要多相分类鉴定.  相似文献   

Nutritional value of Pavlova spp. (Prymnesiophyceae) for spat of the Cortez oyster Crassostrea corteziensis during late-nursery culturing at the hatchery     

Josafat J Ojeda-Ramírez  Jorge Iván Cáceres-Puig  José M Mazón-Suástegui  & Pedro E Saucedo 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(1):18-23

Three Pavlova species were evaluated for their nutritional value as diets for growth and survival of the Cortez oyster Crassostrea corteziensis spat during late‐nursery cultivation at a hatchery. Microalgae were provided as monospecific diets (Pavlova salina, P. sp. C50 and P. sp. C53) and in binary combinations of diets 1+2, 1+3 and 2+3 at 80–90 × 10³ cells mL^?1 for 21 days. Juveniles experienced high survival rates and grew well with all dietary treatments, but binary diets yielded greater survival and growth of spat. From the three binary treatments, Diet 6 (P. sp. C50 and P. sp. C53) promoted significantly (P<0.001) fastest growth of juveniles in shell height (0.19 mm day^?1), shell length (0.14 mm day^?1), total wet weight (0.04 g day^?1) and dry weight of meat biomass (0.024 g day^?1). For all shell dimensions, the lowest growth rates occurred with Diets 2 (P. sp. C56 alone) and 3 (P. sp. C50 alone). These results highlight the importance of testing microalgal diets for bivalve spat rather than just relying on published nutritional values.  相似文献   

Application of sperm cryopreservation in selective breeding of the Pacific oyster,Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg)     

Serean L Adams  John F Smith  Rodney D Roberts  Achim R Janke  Nick G King  Harry Robin Tervit  Stephen C Webb 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(13):1434-1442

The robustness of Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg), sperm cryopreservation in the context of selective breeding based on family lines was investigated. Irrespective of egg density, high fertilization success was achieved with cryopreserved sperm when sperm:egg ratios of 1000:1 to 10 000:1 were used. Variation among replicate runs on the same oyster batches was minimal, indicating that cryopreservation and larval rearing procedures were repeatable. Twenty independent single male–female crosses were made to assess the utility of cryopreserved sperm in selective breeding. The fertility of unfrozen sperm was generally a poor predictor of cryopreserved sperm fertility. Based on D‐larval yields, 17 of the 20 crosses were likely to yield adequate spat for selective breeding (>10⁵ D‐larvae from 1 million eggs), two were marginal (5 × 10⁴ D‐larvae) and one was inadequate (4 × 10³ D‐larvae). An alternative fertilization strategy to improve D‐yield from a given number of sperm was then tested. Fertilizing 10 million eggs at a sperm:egg ratio of 200:1 increased the total D‐yield when compared with fertilizing 1 million eggs at a sperm:egg ratio of 2000:1 for the same male–female pair. We conclude that, despite wide variation in fertility, cryopreserved sperm is useful for family production.  相似文献   

Evaluation of three phytoplankton species as food for the pearl oyster <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinctada fucata</Emphasis>     

Tomoki Hashimoto  Katsuya Hyodoh  Takuma Hirose  Satoshi Nishikawa  Toshiya Katano  Shin-ichi Nakano 《Aquaculture International》2008,16(4):309-318

In the pearl cultivation farms of the Ehime Prefecture, Japan, mass mortalities of the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata have occurred since 1994. The occurrences of mass mortality roughly coincided with a shift of the dominant phytoplankton from Skeletonema and Chaetoceros to Chaetoceros and Nitzschia all of which belong to Bacillariophyceae. Hence, we evaluated Nitzschia, together with Chaetoceros and Isocrysis, as food for the oyster. Wet weights, lengths, widths, glycogen contents, and growth rates in terms of wet weight of the oysters in all the feeding treatments were significantly higher than those in the non-feeding treatment. The highest glycogen content (2.34%) and growth rate (2.21 g month⁻¹) were found in the Chaetoceros treatment. Growth rate in the Isocrysis treatment (1.63 g month⁻¹) was also high, although glycogen content in this treatment (0.41%) was low. In the Nitzschia treatment, growth rate of the oyster (0.94 g month⁻¹) was the lowest and glycogen content (0.83%) was also low relative to that in the Chaetoceros treatment. Chlorophyll a concentration in fecal pellets was lowest in the Nitzschia treatment (<2.7 μg mg⁻¹), suggesting more complete digestion of Nitzschia by the oyster. Thus, Nitzschia was edible and digestible but not assimilated by P. fucata. We propose the following scenario for the relationship between Nitzschia dominance and mass mortality. When Nitzschia dominates in a culture area, the physiological condition of P. fucata deteriorates due to low assimilation of Nitzschia by the oyster, followed by susceptibility of the oyster to infection by agents lethal to the oyster.  相似文献   

Family by environment interactions in shell size of 43-day old silver-lip pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima), five families reared under different nursery conditions     

Renate Kvingedal  Brad S. Evans  Joseph J.U. Taylor  Jens Knauer  Dean R. Jerry 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2008,279(1-4):23-28

To understand the influence the environment and associated genotype by environment interactions will exert on future silver-lip pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima) selective breeding programs, this study assessed the relative performance in four shell growth traits of spat from five full-sib families, when spat were communally reared at different salinities (29, 34 and 40 ppt), food availability (high, medium and low), food quality (high, medium and low), and in a hatchery vs. ocean environment for 43 days.Rearing environment was found to influence growth expression, with significant differences evident when oysters were grown at different salinities in the ocean instead of hatchery, or when fed algae of differing nutritional quality. As indicated by MANOVA, family comparative growth performances were also altered when the environment changed, with significant environment by family interactions apparent in the food quality, food availability and hatchery vs. ocean rearing treatments. Changes in salinity, however, did not affect relevant family performances.These results indicate that growth and relative family performance in P. maxima may change dependent on local environmental conditions and that genotype by environment effects may need to be considered in breeding programs for this species.  相似文献   

Trichoderma species associated with green mould disease of Pleurotus ostreatus and their sensitivity to prochloraz     

G. Innocenti  M. Montanari  H. Righini  R. Roberti 《Plant pathology》2019,68(2):392-398

Green mould disease causes serious economic losses in Pleurotus ostreatus crops worldwide, including in Italy, where prochloraz is the only chemical fungicide allowed to control the disease. The effectiveness of the doses 0.01, 0.05, 0.25 and 1.25 μL L⁻¹ (field dose) of prochloraz (Sponix Flow, 450 g L⁻¹), against colony growth rate and spore germination of Trichoderma pleuroti, T. pleuroticola and T. guizhouense strains on wheat straw extract agar plates were evaluated. Complete inhibition of Trichoderma pleuroti and T. pleuroticola growth was shown by the field dose of prochloraz, and also by the 0.25 μL L⁻¹ dose for T. pleuroti. Complete inhibition of spore germination occurred for all Trichoderma strains at field dose, and at 0.25 μL L⁻¹ for T. pleuroti strains. In in vivo assays, the effect of prochloraz doses 0.05, 0.25 and 1.25 μL L⁻¹ on colonization of straw substrate by T. pleuroti, T. pleuroticola and T. guizhouense inoculated at two spore densities (10² and 10⁵ spores mL⁻¹) immediately after P. ostreatus spawn was studied. Trichoderma pleuroti and T. pleuroticola were both responsible for green mould disease, whereas T. guizhouense was not pathogenic. Trichoderma pleuroti was more aggressive than T. pleuroticola. Prochloraz was effective against T. pleuroti at the field dose, and against T. pleuroticola at 0.25 and 1.25 μL L⁻¹. The study on Trichoderma × Pleurotus interaction type showed that Trichoderma species were active against the mycelial growth of P. ostreatus by competition for space and nutrients, and neither hyphal interaction nor effect by volatile or nonvolatile metabolites occurred.  相似文献   

先秦至汉晋时期珍珠的考古发现与初步研究     

李斌 《农业考古》2021,(1):25-33

我国古代先民很早便开始采捕珍珠。先秦以迄西汉中期,出土珍珠的墓葬或规模宏大,或随葬品丰富,反映出这一时期珍珠作为昂贵奢侈品流通的属性。而西汉中晚期以来,尤其是东汉时期,珍珠较多地在中小型墓中出现,表明珍珠的消费群体逐渐扩大。随着岭南珍珠开采和贸易的兴起,合浦成为海上丝绸之路的重要港口。先秦至汉晋时期,珍珠被广泛应用于装饰、丧葬、美容等领域,并被人们赋予一定的文化含义,从而影响着当时的社会生活。  相似文献   

HACCP系统在牡蛎速冻贮藏保鲜中的应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈慧斌  王梅英  王则金 《山地农业生物学报》2006,25(2):151-154

为更好地控制牡蛎速冻保鲜的质量,采用HACCP体系,分析了牡蛎速冻保鲜工艺中的危害因素和关键控制点,结果表明,牡蛎原料污染、清洗、杀菌、包装、速冻、冻藏为关键控制点,得到关键工艺参数为浸泡吐沙24h,3mg·kg-1臭氧处理10min,-40℃条件下速冻8min,冻藏温度≤-18 ℃.并建立了相应的预防和控制措施.  相似文献