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为筛选农用链霉素替代药剂,以其为对照药剂,测定春雷霉素、中生菌素、噻霉酮和噻菌铜这4种常用细菌病害防治药剂对梨火疫病菌Erwinia amylovora的抑制活性、对梨火疫病的田间防效及不同药剂处理后梨中的农药残留,并对这4种药剂的作物安全性进行评价。结果表明,中生菌素、噻霉酮和春雷霉素对梨火疫病菌有抑制作用,抑制中浓度EC50分别为1.60、6.64和60.57 mg/L,中生菌素的抑制效果高于链霉素。在连续2年田间试验中,中生菌素1 000倍液和春雷霉素400倍液对梨火疫病的保护效果和治疗效果均达90.33%以上,噻霉酮500倍液和噻菌铜200倍液对梨火疫病的保护效果均达100.00%,治疗效果均超过86.97%,与对照药剂农用链霉素2 000倍液的效果相当。所有药剂处理后均未检出中生菌素、春雷霉素、高效氯氰菊酯和农用链霉素的农药残留,而噻虫嗪、阿维菌素和矮壮素虽有检出,但其残留量均低于国家限量标准。花期前后、幼果期和果实膨大期施药,中生菌素、春雷霉素、噻霉酮和噻菌铜对梨花、叶片、枝梢及果实生长均无不良影响。综合来看,中生菌素、春雷霉素、噻霉酮和噻菌铜均可作为农用链霉素的替代药剂,... 相似文献
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[目的]筛选能有效防治猕猴桃溃疡病的化学药剂。[方法]通过室内抑菌试验筛选出抑菌效果较好的药剂,并进行毒力测定;通过注干试验探究所筛选药剂对猕猴桃溃疡病的田间防治效果。[结果]从13种药剂中筛选出4种抑菌效果较好的药剂,其中盐酸土霉素抑菌效果最好,EC50为1 956μg/m L;田间防治效果最佳的配方是1.000%盐酸土霉素+0.005%吲哚乙酸+0.500%NH3NO3+0.500%KNO3+0.200%KH2PO4,猕猴桃溃疡病病斑愈合率达72.3%。[结论]树干钻孔注射1.000%盐酸土霉素防治猕猴桃溃疡病效果较好。 相似文献
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D. Shtienberg Miriam Zilberstaine D. Oppenheim Z. Herzog Shulamit Manulis H. Shwartz G. Kritzman 《Phytoparasitica》2001,29(2):143-154
The efficacy of oxolinic acid (at 200 and 300 μg a.i./l) and of several antibiotic compounds (streptomycin sulfate at 100 μg a.i./l, glycocide B at 700 μg a.i./l, kasugamycin at 80 μg a.i./l and gentamicin sulfate at 30 and 60 μg a.i./l) againstErwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight in pears, was evaluated in 43 orchard experiments in 1997–2000 in Israel. In addition to
the above orchard experiments, the efficacy of the bactericides was tested in live experiments with artificial inoculation.
Natural fire blight symptoms were observed in 16 of the 43 experiments; in 13 of them, disease intensity and its distribution
among the experimental plots provided a basis for data analysis, leading to reliable conclusions concerning the efficacy of
the tested bactericides. Oxolinic acid at 300 μg a.i./l was highly effective againstE. amylovora and reduced disease severity significantly in all experiments, as compared with the untreated plots; however, a concentration
of 200 μg a.i./l was not effective in some cases. Among the tested antibiotics, only gentamicin sulfate was as effective as oxolinic acid.
Results of the artificial inoculation experiments corroborated those obtained in the naturally infected orchards. The pre-infection
activity of oxolinic acid was determined on blossom clusters that were sprayed with the bactericide before inoculation. Control
efficacy on blossom clusters sprayed 1–4 days before inoculation ranged from 68% to 80%, a level which did not differ significantly
from that observed on blossom clusters sprayed on the day of inoculation (80% control). The postinfection activity of oxolinic
acid was determined on blossom clusters that were sprayed with the compound after inoculation. Oxolinic acid was as effective
when applied 1 or 2 days after inoculation as when it was applied on the day of inoculation; however, application of the bactericide
3 days after inoculation no longer resulted in significant disease suppression. Oxolinic acid has been used commercially in
Israel since 1998 with appreciable success.
Contribution No. 533-00 from the Agricultural Research Organization 相似文献
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莲藕极易发生褐变和腐败变质,从而失去食用价值,涂膜可以有效地延长莲藕的保质期。研究了酸、化学杀菌剂等表面处理对莲藕涂膜保鲜效果的影响。结果表明,浓度为0.06～0.07mol/L柠檬酸处理和0.04～0.07mol/L的磷酸处理均对莲藕保鲜效果明显;质量分数为2%的H2O2处理10min,不能有效抑制莲藕褐变,但可以控制其腐败变质;ClO2不宜用于莲藕的表面处理;涂膜前用质量分数2%的H2O2处理,有利于提高莲藕短期贮藏的感官品质,但会使长期贮藏莲藕变质速度加快。 相似文献
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