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1.
Aristotelis C. Papageorgiou Reiner Finkeldey Hans H. Hattemer Sotirios Xenopoulos 《European Journal of Forest Research》2005,124(2):119-124
Individuals were selected for resistance against the imperfect fungus Seiridium cardinale Wag in six common cypress populations (Cupressus sempervirens L.) in Greece. A total of 109 resistant clones and 140 trees from their base populations were surveyed at several allozyme loci. The comparison yielded information on changes in genetic variation due to artificial selection. The genetic structure of the breeding populations was similar to their base populations. Nevertheless, the number of rare alleles among the resistant clones had decreased, showing a similar trend at most loci and for most comparisons. Possible implications for breeding strategies are discussed. 相似文献
2.
Sample populations of 157 Cannabis accessions of diverse geographic origin were surveyed for allozyme variation at 17 gene loci. The frequencies of 52 alleles were subjected to principal components analysis. A scatter plot revealed two major groups of accessions. The sativa gene pool includes fiber/seed landraces from Europe, Asia Minor, and Central Asia, and ruderal populations from Eastern Europe. The indica gene pool includes fiber/seed landraces from eastern Asia, narrow-leafleted drug strains from southern Asia, Africa, and Latin America, wide-leafleted drug strains from Afghanistan and Pakistan, and feral populations from India and Nepal. A third putative gene pool includes ruderal populations from Central Asia. None of the previous taxonomic concepts that were tested adequately circumscribe the sativa and indica gene pools. A polytypic concept of Cannabis is proposed, which recognizes three species, C. sativa, C. indica and C. ruderalis, and seven putative taxa. 相似文献
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Populations living on the periphery of a species range are subjected to intense habitat pressures that stress their vulnerability to threats. South Iberian brown trout (Salmo trutta) populations are located on the southwestern boundary of the species range in Europe. This region has been described as a contact zone between Atlantic and Mediterranean populations in other fish species, and allozyme data detected natural hybridization between native Atlantic and Mediterranean brown trout in this area. Nevertheless, native pattern of populations relationships are threatened by hybridization with exogenous hatchery fish. Allozyme data and complete mtDNA control region sequences were used to analyse the ongoing processes of human mediated hybridization between native and hatchery brown trout in this region. Estimates of the persistence of hatchery genes detected a high level of introgression in some of the sampled locations (hatchery ancestry more than 25% in GF-1, GF-2 and GF-3), but results differed from both kinds of markers. The low intrapopulation diversity (Hs = 0.051) indicated that genetic drift could explain discrepancies between markers. At individual level, the complementary use of both markers detected more hatchery origin fish than those detected by the use of a single technique. Based on these results, the importance of considering a large number of genetic markers to evaluate introgression accurately is emphasized. The ability of the current management policies to the protection and conservation of marginal populations that retain complex and special evolutionary histories such as those studied is also questioned. 相似文献
4.
黎中宝 《中国生态农业学报》2006,14(1):16-20
阐述了近年来鲍分子遗传学方面的研究进展,总结了核型分析、等位酶、微卫星和小卫星、随机扩增多态性DNA、限制性片断长度多态性、线粒体DNA、表达序列标签研究和基因序列等技术在鲍种群遗传多样性、遗传分化、遗传结构及种质鉴定等方面的应用。并指出今后应加强鲍蛋白质组学、功能基因组学、遗传连锁图谱、数量性状基因座和标记辅助选择等方面研究。 相似文献
5.
中国台湾栽培稻种质资源的等位酶遗传多样性 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
分析了中国台湾省1 591份亚洲栽培稻14个等位酶基因位点的等位基因酶谱(Pgi1、Pgi2、Amp1、Amp2、Amp3、Amp4、Sdh1、Adh1、Cat1、Icd1、Est1、Est2、Est5和Est9)。结果表明，被检测的台湾稻种含有47个等位酶等位基因，占亚洲栽培稻该类等位酶己鉴定出的60个等位基因的78.3%，其等位基因频率变幅为0.001~0.997，基因多样性指数(Ha)变幅为0.006~0.585。平均基因多样性指数(Ht)和平均多态性指数(DP)分别为0.239和18.3%。基因频率低于0.05的等位基因共24个，占51.1%；基因频率在0.05~0.95的18个，占38.3%；基因频率高于0.95的有5个(Amp1-1、Adh1-1、Icd1-1、Est1-1和Est5-1)。1 591个台湾品种共有182种等位酶基因型，且等位基因Est9-null仅存在于3个台湾品种中。遗传分化系数(Gst)和聚类分析表明，台湾品种在Amp2、Cat1、Pgi1、Est2和Pgi2的基因位点上出现了明显的籼粳差异。台湾栽培稻具有较丰富的等位酶遗传多样性，是中国栽培稻遗传多样性的重要组成部分。 相似文献
6.
LI Zhong-Bao 《中国生态农业学报》2003,(2)
采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,研究了AAT、EST、SOD、MDH、LDH和ME等位酶在牙鲆[Paralichthys olivaceus(T.et S.)]心脏、肌肉、鳃、眼睛、肾脏、肝脏、肠、脾、胃组织器官中表达,并分析了各种酶的等位酶位点表达以及酶谱表型。研究结果表明EST、SOD、MDH和ME 4种等位酶在不同组织中表达相同,AAT、LDH 2种等位酶在不同组织中表达差异,可能是受不同基因位点或同一基因位点不同等位基因控制的结果,与各组织完成特有生化代谢活动有关。 相似文献
7.
Hong-Li Tian Jian-Hua Xue Jun Wen Grant Mitchell Shi-Liang Zhou 《Scientia Horticulturae》2008,116(4):421-429
Genetic diversity and genetic relationships of lotus (Nelumbo Adanson) cultivars were evaluated using allozyme and ISSR markers. The samples used covered 11 accessions of possible hybrids between Nelumbo nucifera and Nelumbo lutea and 92 accessions of N. nucifera including 69 flower lotus, 13 rhizome lotus, 5 seed lotus and 5 wild lotus. For allozyme studies, a total of 31 alleles at 23 loci of 18 enzyme systems were detected of which 5 (21.7%) loci Aat, Idh, Mdh-2, Pgd, Sod were polymorphic. The loci of Aat and Idh included two alleles, Mdh-2, Pgd and Sod included three alleles. Eighteen genotypes were detected with the 13 alleles of the 5 polymorphic loci. The parameters of average allele number, observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity and Shannon information index of 92 N. nucifera samples were 1.35 ± 0.71, 0.06 ± 0.21, 0.05 ± 0.14, 0.10 ± 023, respectively. Thirteen ISSR primers generated 93 loci, of which 37.63% were polymorphic across all samples. The percentage of polymorphic loci, average allele number, expected heterozygosity and Shannon information index of 92 N. nucifera samples were 26.67%, 1.30 ± 0.46, 0.10 ± 0.18 and 0.15 ± 0.25, respectively for the ISSR data. The ‘Bottleneck effect’ and rapid propagation of clones after the ice ages may explain the low genetic diversity of lotus. The dendrograms based on ISSR and allozymes were not congruent. Based on the ISSR data, the 103 samples were divided into the N. nucifera group (Group I), and the group containing inter-specific hybrids between N. nucifera and N. lutea (Group II). The flower lotus, rhizome lotus, and seed lotus each has multiple sources of origin. Plant size, a criterion commonly used in the classification of cultivars of lotus, is not correlated with genetic variation. Flower color is correlated with the cultivar classification to some degree, but its variation is complex in the hybrids. 相似文献
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9.
以我国 9 种披碱草属(Elymus L. )的40个居群为材料, 采用形态学、等位酶和微卫星3 种标记对28个形态特征、7个等位酶位点和 11对SSR引物进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明:不同居群的披碱草间形态差异显著; 不同种、居群和形态特征变异规律也有所不同。旗叶与穗基部长度、生长速度( 幼苗-分蘖) 、小穗柄、植株绒毛分级在种内变异较大, 而穗的形状、穗节数、株高和内稃的变化较为稳定。聚类分析结果表明:披碱草(E.dahuricus Turcz.) 、圆柱披碱草(E.cylindri-cus( Franch.) Honda) 、紫芒披碱草(E. purpuraristatus C. P. Wang et H. L. Yang)变异很大, 垂穗披碱草(E.nutans Griseb L.)和老芒麦(E.sibiricus Linn.) 的居群按种归类比较清晰明显。 相似文献
10.
Phylogenetic relationships among natural populations of perennial buckwheat, Fagopyrum cymosum Meisn., revealed by allozyme variation 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Twenty natural populations of F. cymosum, an insect-pollinated allogamous wild species of Fagopyrum, were investigated for their chromosome number and allozyme variation at 10 Ioci encoding 8 enzymes. Diploid populations were obtained in Sichuan, Yunnan and Tibet in China, whereas tetraploid populations were obtained in Tibet, the Himalayan hills, Thailand and southern China. Both diploid and tetraploid populations maintained a large amount of allozyme variation. The average heterozygosity, He, ranged from 0.045 to 0.389 (0.213 on average). Tetraploid populations showed higher He values than diploid populations. Natural populations of F. cymosum were locally well differentiated (GST = 0.322), probably due to reproductive isolation between the two ploidy levels and to distribution over wide areas from southern China to the Himalayan hills. The phylogenetic tree constructed by the neighbor-joining method based on allozyme variation clarified two distinct groups of diploid populations, the Sichuan and Yunnan groups. As for the tetraploid populations, polyploidization occurred twice independently, once in Yunnan and once in eastern Tibet. Tetraploid F. cymosum diffused to warmer areas such as southern Yunnan and Thailand as well as to cooler areas of Tibet and the high Himalayan hills and became the most widely distributed of the Fagopyrum species. 相似文献