Processing traits and digestibility of extruded dog foods with soy protein concentrate          下载免费PDF全文

K. S. Venturini  M. F. Sarcinelli  M. A. Baller  T. C. Putarov  E. B. Malheiros  A. C. Carciofi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(4):1077-1087

Soya bean protein concentrate (SPC) with two particle sizes were evaluated on extrusion parameters, kibble formation, digestibility and palatability of dog foods. Eight diets were extruded: PBM—control diet based on poultry by‐product meal (PBM); GM—a diet in which corn gluten meal (GM) replaced 45% of the diet protein; cSPC15%, cSPC30% and cSPC45%—diets in which SPC of coarse particle size (600 μm) replaced 15%, 30% and 45% of the diet protein; and sSPC15%, sSPC30% and sSPC45%—diets in which SPC of small particle size (200 μm) replaced 15%, 30% and 45% of the diet protein. The digestibility of nutrients was evaluated for the PBM, GM, cSPC45% and sSPC45% diets, using six dogs per food. The PBM, GM and cSPC45% diets were compared for palatability. Data were submitted for analysis of variance, and the means were compared by polynomial contrasts or Tukey's test (p < .05). The cSPC increased the specific mechanical energy (SME) application, extrusion temperature and pressure linearly, resulting in lower kibble density and higher expansion and starch gelatinization (SG) (p < .01). When comparing the PBM, GM, cSPC45% and sSPC45% diets, higher SME, extrusion temperature and pressure, SG and kibble expansion were verified for the cSPC45% diet (p < .05). The DM, fat and crude protein digestibility were similar among diets. Faecal pH, ammonia and lactate did not differ, demonstrating that the removal of oligosaccharides and soluble non‐starch polysaccharides of SPC produces an ingredient with mostly non‐fermentable fibre. Dogs preferred the PBM to the GM diet (p < .05), but consumed the PBM and cSPC45% foods equally. In conclusion, SPC exhibited good extrusion functionality, favouring kibble expansion and SG, with high digestibility, similar to that of PBM. The removal of soluble compounds from soya beans resulted in an ingredient with low fermentable fibre content, which did not alter faecal formation or characteristics.  相似文献   

煮熟和干燥处理对黄藤笋抗氧化活性的影响     

黄世能  黄雪梅  牛国才  张昭其 《世界竹藤通讯》2014,(3):1-4

通过测定黄藤熟笋、生笋(鲜切笋)、熟笋干和生笋干的水和4种不同浓度乙醇提取物中的自由基清除能力、总还原能力、总多酚含量和总黄酮含量,研究了煮熟、干燥加工方法对黄藤笋提取物抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明,煮熟处理能保持或提高提取物的抗氧化活性,干燥处理则相反。乙醇提取物比水提取物具有更高的抗氧化活性,以50%~75%的乙醇提取溶剂效果最好。熟笋在所有溶剂中的自由基清除能力、总还原能力、总多酚含量和总黄酮含量均表现出最高水平,表明煮熟是黄藤笋适宜的加工利用方式。  相似文献   

响应曲面法优化高粱挤压最佳操作参数的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张守文  王跃 《农产品加工．学刊》2011,(1):37-41

以高粱为原料,研究系统操作参数,包括:物料含水率、喂料速度、螺杆转速、机筒温度对目标参数的影响,并以响应曲面法优化最佳操作参数,优化得到的最佳操作参数为:物料含水率15.77%,喂料速度26.97r/min,螺杆转速181.20r/min,五区温度158.28℃。  相似文献   

Wx^mp基因背景下可溶性淀粉合成酶基因SSⅡa和去分支酶基因PUL对水稻蒸煮食味品质的影响     

姚姝  张亚东  刘燕清  赵春芳  周丽慧  陈涛  赵庆勇  朱镇  Balakrishna PILLAY  王才林 《中国水稻科学》2020,34(3):217-227

【目的】分析在同一主效基因(Wx^mp)背景下可溶性淀粉合成酶基因SSⅡa和去分支酶基因PUL对稻米蒸煮食味品质的影响,以期为水稻品质遗传改良提供依据。【方法】选择在SSⅡa和PUL存在多态性而其他淀粉合成酶相关基因没有多态性的半糯品系宁0145和粳稻品种武运粳21进行杂交,获得F2群体与F3株系。利用分子标记,选择含有Wx^mp基因的F2单株与F3株系,将这些F2单株与F3株系分成SSⅡa^nPUL^n、SSⅡa^nPUL^w、SSⅡa^wPUL^n和SSⅡa^wPUL^w4种基因型(n和w分别表示该基因来源于宁0145和武运粳21),分析不同基因型蒸煮食味品质性状的差异,探讨同一Wxmp基因背景下不同SSⅡa和PUL等位基因对蒸煮食味品质性状的影响。【结果】不同基因型间蒸煮食味品质性状均存在显著差异,来源于武运粳21的SSⅡa^w基因和PUL^w基因分别使直链淀粉含量增加0.29%~1.00%和0.62%~1.18%,且PUL的效应大于SSⅡa,两者间存在互作效应。SSⅡa^w基因和PUL^w基因降低胶稠度和崩解值,提高了热浆黏度、冷胶黏度、消减值和回复值,对糊化温度、峰值黏度和峰值时间的作用较小。【结论】明确了Wx^mp背景下SSⅡa和PUL基因对稻米蒸煮食味品质的遗传效应,该研究结果为SSⅡa和PUL基因的分子标记辅助选择改良稻米品质提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

Nutrient digestibility of extruded canola meal in ileal-cannulated growing pigs and effects of its feeding on diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance in weaned pigs     

Charlotte M E Heyer  Li F Wang  Eduardo Beltranena  Ruurd T Zijlstra 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(5)

Canola meal (CM) contains less crude protein (CP) and more fiber and anti-nutritional factors such as glucosinolates than soybean meal (SBM) and consequently has a lower nutrient digestibility. Therefore, processing strategies that may increase the feeding value of CM warrant study. In two experiments, the effects of extrusion of Brassica napus CM on apparent (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA), apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE) in growing pigs, and growth performance and diet digestibility in weaned pigs were assessed. Solvent-extracted CM was extruded using a single-screw extruder at three screw speeds: 250 (CM-250), 350 (CM-350), or 450 (CM-450) rpm. In exp. 1, in a double 4 × 4 Latin square, eight ileal-cannulated barrows (initial body weight [BW], 68.1 kg) were fed corn starch-based diets containing 50% CM or extruded CM. The CM sample contained 43.2% CP, 33.2% total dietary fiber (TDF), and 8.9 µmol of total glucosinolates/g on a dry matter (DM) basis. Extrusion increased (P < 0.05) the AID of CP, reduced (P < 0.05) apparent hindgut fermentation of CP, and decreased (P < 0.05) predicted net energy (NE) value of diets. Extrusion increased diet AID and CM SID of most indispensable AA by 3.1 to 5.3%-units. In exp. 2, 200 weaned pigs (initial BW, 8.3 kg) were fed diets containing 20% SBM, CM, or extruded CM starting 2 wk postweaning for 3 wk. The CM sample contained 42.7% CP, 28.3% TDF, and 5.3 µmol total glucosinolates/g DM. Wheat-based diets provided 2.3 Mcal NE/kg and 5.1 g SID Lys/Mcal NE. Dietary inclusion of extruded CM replacing SBM decreased (P < 0.05) diet ATTD of DM, GE and CP, and DE value. Average daily feed intake, average daily gain (ADG), and gain:feed (G:F) of pigs did not differ between extruded CM and SBM diets and were not affected by extrusion, but increasing extruder screw speed linearly increased (P < 0.05) ADG for day 1 to 7 and G:F for the entire trial. In conclusion, extrusion increased diet AID and CM SID of AA but not DE and predicted NE values of CM. However, increasing extruder speed did not further increase the SID of most of the AA of CM in growing pigs. Dietary inclusion of 20% CM or extruded CM did not affect the growth performance in weaned pigs.  相似文献   

Endothelin‐1 Immunoreactivity and its Association with Intramedullary Hemorrhage and Myelomalacia in Naturally Occurring Disk Extrusion in Dogs          下载免费PDF全文

D. Mayer  A. Oevermann  T. Seuberlich  M. Vandevelde  A. Casanova‐Nakayama  S. Selimovic‐Hamza  F. Forterre  D. Henke 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2016,30(4):1099-1111

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主动螺旋伞齿轮闭塞挤压的成形分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王华君  华林  夏巨谌 《农业机械学报》2006,37(11):133-136

分析了主动螺旋伞齿轮闭塞挤压的金属流动路线,设计了预制坯的形状。成形试验获得了金属充填齿形腔的流动模式,提出采用专用双动压力机或在通用压力机上采用特殊模具实现坯料双向挤压的成形方法。网格试验显示,塑性加工的螺旋伞齿轮金属纤维连续而致密,揭示了塑性加工齿轮强度高和使用寿命长的原因。刚塑性有限元模拟结果进一步揭示了螺旋伞齿轮塑性成形机理。有限元计算结果与试验结果的比较,证明采用有限元法研究螺旋伞齿轮闭塞挤压工艺是可行的。  相似文献   

正挤横轧式农用车后桥半轴套管的研究开发   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

韩英淳  王学明  唐志强 《农业机械学报》2001,32(3):113-115

在成功地开发轻型车正挤与横轧式后桥半轴套管的基础上，自主开发了1608型、2310型及2815型农用运输车的正挤与横轧式后桥半轴套管，并实现系列化规模生产，获得了显著的社会经济效益。  相似文献   

半轴套管热挤压成形工艺数值模拟   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

陈文琳  朱玉生  聂会星  叶永旭  李伟  王世东 《农业机械学报》2007,38(11):153-156

通过对半轴套管的工艺分析,基于体积不变原则,采用逆向法计算零件毛坯,确定了热挤压成形工艺方案;结合刚粘塑性有限元法基本原理,运用有限元软件对半轴套管的反挤压过程进行3-D热力耦合模拟。影响半轴套管热挤压成形的主要工艺参数有挤压温度、挤压速度、模具预热温度等。在其他条件相同情况下,分别设置不同的挤压温度、挤压速度、模具预热温度,通过对不同参数模拟结果的分析比较,得出工艺参数对半轴套管成形的影响状况,揭示热挤压成形过程中的金属流动规律。优化的成形参数,提高了半轴套管的成形性能和经济性能。  相似文献   

牛基因组DNA两种提取方法的比较研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

程金华  朱化彬  王栋  郝海生  杨波 《畜牧兽医学报》2006,37(9):874-877

研究哺乳动物基因组DNA的水煮抽提法，并将传统的酚仿抽提法和水煮法进行比较，水煮法即通过对细胞的煮沸和冷却，使细胞破裂、蛋白变性，从而获得用于PCR扩增的模板DNA的方法。通过电泳分析和PCR扩增检测了所提取基因组DNA的完整性、可行性。检测时采用3对引物对2种方法提取的DNA进行了PCR扩增，同时对冷冻保存的基因组DNA也进行了扩增检测。结果表明：水煮法提取基因组DNA是一种快速、简便、经济、高效的方法。  相似文献