排序方式： 共有15条查询结果，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
近年来由于不可再生资源的日益枯竭,以及全球能源危机等问题,生物质资源的研究和利用受到人们的广泛关注。以往材料的制备与合成往往以石油及其衍生物为原料,过程繁琐、成本高昂、原料不可再生,且对生态环境造成了不可逆转的破坏,而生物质基材料因绿色、可再生、环境友好等,其设计与构筑已成为基础科技研究的前沿与热点。在过去的研究中,国内外学者以相关生物质为基础构筑“基石”,利用其本征结构及特性原位合成或与异质单元复合,构筑了大量的功能光学材料。功能光学材料的应用领域包括但不限于催化、光动能转换、生物成像、光电器件、海水淡化、信息防伪等。笔者对生物质基光学功能性材料方面的代表性成果进行梳理与总结,主要包括林木芳香生物质荧光材料、多糖生物质荧光材料、林木生物质光热材料、纳米纤维素光子晶体材料、生物质基光热材料,以及以上材料在食品检测、生物成像、加密打印、发光器件、光 热 动能转换领域中的应用,并且对该领域内存在的问题及未来发展方向作了展望。 相似文献
2.
严威凯 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》1993,21(1):21-26
本文提出了一个统一的植物光温反应理论模型。它把植物的各种光温反应现象,包括短日植物的光温反应与长日植物的光温反应,定性的光温反应与定量的光温反应,光周期反应与温度反应,以及温度反应中的低温反应(包括春化反应)与积温反应等统一了起来。应用这一模型可对小麦生长发育中常见的各种光温反应现象和水稻光敏不育系的低温可育现象作出统一的解释。 相似文献
3.
4.
光照和温度是影响种子萌发的2个重要环境因子,光敏色素是光和温度的受体,研究光敏色素协同光温信号调控种子萌发对于指导作物播种具有重要意义。本研究旨在探索NtPHYB1基因型如何响应光温环境变化而调控烟草种子萌发。结果表明,15种光温条件下萌发率的均值为野生型(wildtype,WT)种子显著大于NtPHYB1-RNAi和NtPHYB1-OE种子。在持续光照下, NtPHYB1-OE种子萌发被抑制,而在黑暗下NtPHYB1-RNAi种子萌发被抑制。在15℃,3种基因型种子萌发均被抑制,NtPHYB1-OE种子萌发率最低;在20℃和25℃,光促进或抑制种子萌发作用不明显,3种基因型种子萌发率均较高,NtPHYB1-OE和WT种子达到最大萌发率;在30℃和35℃,光对于种子维持较高萌发率是必不可少的,NtPHYB1-RNAi种子达到最大萌发率。综上所述,NtPHYB1、光周期和温度三者之间在调控烟草种子萌发时存在交互作用,通过修饰NtPHYB1基因和改善播种环境均可显著提高烟草种子的萌发率。 相似文献
5.
基于微热管阵列的太阳能温差发电系统优化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
温差发电技术因为具有无噪音、无污染物排放、体积小、质量轻等优点,是当今社会能源利用的科学研究热点,但其输出功率过低,传热效果较差仍是很大的问题。该文将微热管应用于低温下的太阳能温差发电中,对温差发电的系统设计进行优化,对其光热输出功率、热电输出功率较低的问题进行改善,通过采用PLC的双轴跟踪和黑铬镀金膜,将太阳能吸热能力提高了5.32%,同时在传热与散热过程中采用液态金属填充硅脂,让微热管阵列在太阳能温差发电传热过程中减少热损失,让光热平均的输出功率提升2.21%,在热电转换过程中,通过采用变长式电导增量法的MPPT,改善功率输出不稳定,精准度不高的问题,总体的光电输出功率可达到28.32 W,较之前相比光电输出功率提高了5.19%,通过对太阳能温差发电系统的追踪优化和传热结构的改善,完善了光伏板在农业上的应用。 相似文献
6.
养殖圆斑星鲽血浆性类固醇激素表达与卵巢发育及温光调控的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
系统研究了人工养殖条件下圆斑星鲽(Verasper variegatus)亲鱼血浆性类固醇激素的年周期变化规律及其与卵巢发育成熟及温光调控的关系.结果表明,圆斑星鲽卵巢发育属非同步分批发育模式,一年一次成熟分批产卵类型.卵巢年周期发育过程中可见5个发育时相的卵母细胞,卵巢发育可化分为4个成熟阶段,6个发育时期.性腺指数(GSI)、肝脏指数(HSI)和肥满度(CF)在亲鱼的年周期发育中呈现规律性的变化.亲鱼血浆中雌二醇(E2)在产卵期达峰值;排卵结束后,E2表达水平降至较低水平.血浆中睾酮(T)含量在10月达峰值,并在产卵期间保持相对较高表达水平.统计分析表明,血浆E2水平与GSI和HSI值的变化都呈现显著的正相关关系（P＜0.05）.水温和光周期对卵巢发育具有明显的影响并显著影响E2的表达,GSI与水温存在显著的负相关关系(P＜0.05）,HSI与水温存在显著的负相关关系(P＜0.05),而CF与光周期现显著的负相关关系(P＜0.05).结论认为,圆斑星鲽雌性亲鱼血浆性类固醇激素表达水平变化与性腺发育（卵母细胞成熟）、水等具有显著的相关关系.本研究结果可作为温光调控人工亲鱼性腺发育成熟、激素诱导亲鱼产卵的重要参考技术依据. 相似文献
7.
为了进一步提高日光温室内主动蓄放热的热能利用效率,该研究在日光温室内的顶部空间,构建了基于曲面菲涅尔透镜的直散分离系统,该系统对顶部区域的空间利用率为25.8%。利用光学仿真软件对不同入射角的太阳光进行追踪,并对该曲面菲涅尔透镜在典型日条件下的接收效率和焦斑分布进行分析,得到一日内的变化规律。在直射光集热测试方面,正午时段内,该系统的集热效率可以达到45%。对比散射光环境对温室的影响,发现试验区全天光照度减小约为10%~40%。该文以主动集热土垄加温系统提升栽培土垄温度作为试验组,并与不加温对照组进行了比较。试验结果表明,系统可提高土垄温度4.5~5.0℃。连续晴天情况下,土垄加温系统的COP(coefficient of performance)为1.5~1.9。研究表明此新型温室集热方式可提高空间利用率,改善温室内光热环境,同时利用午间强直射光集热,实现太阳能综合利用。 相似文献
8.
We conducted a study to evaluate the effects of holding water temperature on the fecundity and egg quality of photo‐manipulated Atlantic cod broodstock. Adult cod Gadus morhua were distributed among several 25‐m3 tanks. Three separate photoperiods were used for each group to obtain three spawning per year (in May, July and December). While photoperiod was controlled, the temperature was not controlled and followed the ambient seasonal pattern. Due to the uncontrolled seasonal temperature used, each spawning group experienced different temperatures at a particular gonadal developmental stage. Otherwise, all groups were treated the same. Results showed that the May and July spawning groups released significantly more eggs per kg of fish (four and three times more respectively) than the December spawning group. The egg fertilization success and proportion of normal eggs were also higher in the May and July groups. Possible reason for the difference may be that the May and July groups experienced lower temperatures (4–7°C) during oocyte maturation and ovulation than the December group (7–9°C). Our results show the importance of using lower/natural temperatures during oocyte maturation and ovulation to obtain good quality eggs in photo‐manipulated cod broodstock. 相似文献
9.
Novel models for simulating maize growth based on thermal time and photothermal units: Applications under various mulching practices 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 《农业科学学报》2023,22(5):1381-1395
Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the three major food crops and an important source of carbohydrates for maintaining food security around the world. Plant height (H), stem diameter (SD), leaf area index (LAI) and dry matter (DM) are important growth parameters that influence maize production. However, the combined effect of temperature and light on maize growth is rarely considered in crop growth models. Ten maize growth models based on the modified logistic growth equation (Mlog) and the Mitscherlich growth equation (Mit) were proposed to simulate the H, SD, LAI and DM of maize under different mulching practices based on experimental data from 2015–2018. Either the accumulative growing degree-days (AGDD), helio thermal units (HTU), photothermal units (PTU) or photoperiod thermal units (PPTU, first proposed here) was used as a single driving factor in the models; or AGDD was combined with either accumulative actual solar hours (ASS), accumulative photoperiod response (APR, first proposed here) or accumulative maximum possible sunshine hours (ADL) as the dual driving factors in the models. The model performances were evaluated using seven statistical indicators and a global performance index. The results showed that the three mulching practices significantly increased the maize growth rates and the maximum values of the growth curves compared with non-mulching. Among the four single factor-driven models, the overall performance of the MlogPTU Model was the best, followed by the MlogAGDD Model. The MlogPPTU Model was better than the MlogAGDD Model in simulating SD and LAI. Among the 10 models, the overall performance of the MlogAGDD–APR Model was the best, followed by the MlogAGDD–ASS Model. Specifically, the MlogAGDD–APR Model performed the best in simulating H and LAI, while the MlogAGDD–ADL and MlogAGDD–ASS models performed the best in simulating SD and DM, respectively. In conclusion, the modified logistic growth equations with AGDD and either APR, ASS or ADL as the dual driving factors outperformed the commonly used modified logistic growth model with AGDD as a single driving factor in simulating maize growth. 相似文献
10.
Effects of temperature and photoperiod on flowering time of forage legumes in a Mediterranean environment 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Flowering time plasticity is a commonly occurring adaptive characteristic of fodder crops, including legumes, in arid and semiarid environments of the Mediterranean regions. Time of flowering is mainly influenced by genotype, temperature and photoperiod. Field experiments were carried out at Foggia (southern Italy) during successive growing seasons (from 8 to 16 growing cycles according to species) to study the relation among air temperature, photoperiod and duration of the morphological development of flowering in eight forage legume species: sulla (Hedysarum coronarium L.), sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.), pea (Pisum sativun L.), berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.), Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum L.), faba bean (Vicia faba L.), common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth). Time to reach 10% flowering (EF) and 100% flowering (FF) were recorded. Rate of progress to flowering, defined as the inverse of time from sowing to EF and FF, was related to mean daily temperature, or to both mean daily temperature and mean photoperiod. Using the linear equations, the thermal time requirements (Tt) and the base temperature (Tb) expressed as heat units were determined by the x-intercept method for both EF and FF stages. Evaluation of flowering time was also based on days after planting (DAP), day of year (DOY) and on a photothermal index (PTI). For all species, a significant negative correlation (P ≥ 0.01) was found between planting date (PD) and DAP whereas PTI showed a significant negative relationship (P ≥ 0.05) only for faba bean, pea, berseem clover and common vetch. In sainfoin, sulla and berseem clover, the rate of progress to flowering was affected significantly (P ≥ 0.05) by both mean temperature and photoperiod. The Tt requirements to reach the EF and the FF stage ranged from 871 to 1665 °C day and from 1043 to 1616 °C day, respectively, for the studied species. Both phenological stages considered depended upon accumulated thermal time above a species-specific base temperature. Furthermore, in all legumes the onset of flowering only occurred when dual thresholds of a minimum Tt and a minimum photoperiod were reached, which were specific to each species. 相似文献