不同气候条件对早期断奶犊牛生长发育的影响     

敖日格乐  嘎尔迪 《家畜生态》1994,15(4):12-16

本试验研究了不同气候条件对早期断奶犊牛生长发育的影响。结果表明，不同气候对犊牛的生长发育有一定的影响，但犊牛开食料等饲养管理达到犊牛所需的标准，不会影响犊牛的生长发育指标，３个月龄时体重均能达ＮＲＣ饲养标准。在整个试验期呼市地区早期断奶犊牛平均增重为６４．０５ｋｇ，日增重为７０３．８５ｇ，而锡盟东乌旗犊牛平均增重为５７．５０ｋｇ，日增重为６３１．８７ｇ。体高、体长、胸围、十字部高等体尺指标呼市地区犊牛均高于锡盟东乌旗犊牛，而腹围呼市地区略低于锡盟东乌旗犊牛。干物质的进食量，气候条件差的地区有高于相对暖和地区犊牛的趋势。  相似文献   

《家禽屠宰检疫规程》中有关问题分析     

张磊  李原  郝宝丰 《中国动物检疫》2021,38(2):75-77

《家禽屠宰检疫规程》在规范家禽的屠宰检疫,加强家禽产品的检疫活动管理,保障动物源食品安全方面发挥了重要作用。本文概述了《家禽屠宰检疫规程》关于家禽屠宰场所定义、规程适用动物、检疫对象、检疫合格标准的判定等方面存在的问题,特别是针对家禽产品入库贮藏后才出厂如何出具检疫合格证明,提出可采取贮藏后继续调运或分销的检疫方式出具检疫证明这一解决方案。这提示在今后工作中扩大屠宰检疫的适用范围及检疫对象,进一步修订和完善屠宰检疫规程,提升屠宰检疫技术水平。  相似文献   

Left Displacement of the Abomasum in 4 Beef Calves          下载免费PDF全文

R.E. Oman  R.N. Streeter  E.J. Reppert  C.Z. Chako 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2016,30(4):1376-1380

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犊牛代用乳中蛋白质原料应用研究进展     

王小龙  崔伟 《中国牛业科学》2007,33(3):30-33

代用乳是犊牛主要的液体饲料来源之一,与全乳和乳副产品相比不仅降低了犊牛生产成本,而且更适合犊牛饲养设备的操作和使用.在以代用乳为主要饲料来源培育犊牛过程中,代用乳中蛋白质的营养作用是决定饲养效果和经济性的关键性因素.本文对代用乳常用蛋白质的原料特性等方面做了简要综述.  相似文献   

Acute cortisol responses of calves to scoop dehorning using local anaesthesia and/or cautery of the wound   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

SP SYLVESTER  DJ MELLOR  KJ STAFFORD  RA BRUCE  RN WARD 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(2):118-122

Objective To measure plasma cortisol responses in calves dehorned using a scoop after administration of local anaesthesia and/or cautery of the wounds.
Design A physiological study with controls.
Procedure There were six treatments: control handling with and without local anaesthesia, dehorning, dehorning after local anaesthesia, dehorning followed by wound cautery, and dehorning after local anaesthesia followed by wound cautery. Blood samples were taken before and after dehorning.
Results Dehorning caused an increase in plasma cortisol concentrations, which decreased a little to plateau values and then declined to pretreatment values 3 to 4 h after dehorning. The peak was smaller after local anaesthesia was administered but when its effects wore off, cortisol concentrations increased and thereafter were similar to those in the dehorned animals. The combination of local anaesthesia and cautery resulted in a plasma cortisol response similar to those in control calves with or without local anaesthesia.
Conclusions If plasma cortisol concentrations reflect the distress being experienced by the calves, then local anaesthesia reduces the acute distress for about 3 h after dehorning but not during the subsequent 3 to 4 h. Combining local anaesthetic and cautery prevented the significant increase in plasma cortisol following dehorning and may eliminate the acute distress caused by scoop dehorning.  相似文献   

波德代肉羊与甘肃高山细毛羊杂交试验   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

李锋红  闫作铭 《畜牧兽医杂志》2009,28(6):7-8,10

引入肉羊品种波德代,观察其在高寒牧区的适应性,并做为父本,以天祝县毛肉兼用型甘肃高山细毛羊为母本,进行杂交改良,经对波细F1代的测定,在相同饲养管理条件下,波细F1代在初生重、1月龄、4月龄重比同龄细羔分别高1.16 kg、2.33 kg、6.80 kg,差异显著（P〈0.005）。对4月龄羔羊屠宰测定,波细F1代的宰前活重、胴体重比同龄细羔分别高6.86 kg、5.39 kg,差异极显著（P〈0.005）,屠宰率提高了10个百分比。  相似文献   

Congenital cataracts in an Ayrshire herd: a herd case report     

Lea Krump  Luke O’Grady  Ingrid Lorenz  Terence Grimes 《Irish veterinary journal》2014,67(1):1-6

Background

Microbiological standards within pork slaughter processing plants in the European Union are currently governed by Commission Regulation (EC) 2073/2005, which describes detailed performance criteria at specific stages of the procedure (following carcass dressing and before chilling) for total viable counts (TVC), Enterobacteriaceae (EB) and Salmonella spp. In this study, 95 carcasses from an Irish pork slaughter plant were sampled by swabbing 100 cm² of surface at three sites (belly, ham, jowl) to examine the effects of eight processing stages (stunning, bleeding, scalding, singeing, polishing, evisceration, final inspection and chilling) on contamination levels.

Results

TVC ranged from approximately 1.7–6.3 log cfu cm² during sampling. There were significant reductions in TVC for all sites after scalding and singeing (p < 0.05), whilst there was a significant increase in counts after polishing and evisceration (p < 0.05) compared with preceding stages. EB counts indicated hygienic weak points in the examined slaughter plant leading to faecal (cross)-contamination, with elevated counts after stunning, bleeding and evisceration (p < 0.05), compared with final counts after chilling.

Conclusions

Although the bacterial numbers reported in this study may reflect specific plant practices and temporal influences, results show that contamination can be introduced at various steps in the process and highlight the importance of monitoring locations other than those required by legislation within the process. Monitoring can be used to establish baseline levels for high-risk stages specific to each plant and to assess the effectiveness of additional interventions.  相似文献   

利用奶公牛育肥生产高档牛肉     

王嘉博  孙芳  吴宏达  亓美玉  赵晓川  刘利  许珊珊 《中国牛业科学》2014,(4):13-15

[目的]为了提高奶公牛育肥效率,拓展奶公牛高档牛肉市场。[方法]本研究通过对32头奶公牛分三组进行育肥、屠宰和分割肉实验。[结果]发现95%精料的A组屠宰率显著高于80%精料的B组（P〈0.05）,宰前活重和胴体重均数高于B组,但差异不显著（P＆gt;0.05）;80%精料饲养10月龄的C组在宰前活重和胴体重显著高于B组（P〈0.05）;在高档分割肉占胴体重比例上：B组＆gt;A组＆gt;C组。[结论]实验证明影响奶公牛育肥屠宰性状的主要因素是月龄,利用奶公牛育肥生产高档部位分割肉可以达到胴体重的2.85%。  相似文献   

酒精发酵玉米饲粮对活体外瘤胃发酵和延边牛血液生理指标及屠宰性能的影响     

薛红枫  严昌国  孟庆翔 《中国农业大学学报》2005,10(1):38-43

通过活体外发酵试验 (试验 1)和育肥屠宰试验 (试验 2 )评价饲喂酒精发酵玉米饲粮对活体外瘤胃发酵和延边育肥牛血液生理指标及屠宰性能的影响。结果表明 ,与未发酵玉米饲粮 (CK1)相比 ,酒精发酵玉米饲粮(AFCD)干物质消化率 (DMD)没有差异 (P >0 5 ) ,但细胞壁消化率 (NDFD)提高了 9 7个百分点 (P <0 0 0 6 )。 72h产气量与理论最大产气量低于CK1(P >0 12 ) ,但产气速度高于CK1(P <0 0 6 ) ,且产气延滞期低于CK1(P <0 0 4 )。AFCD对瘤胃发酵 pH、NH3 N含量、各种挥发酸和乙酸与丙酸的摩尔比等指标无显著影响 (P >0 1)。酒精发酵饲料饲喂延边育肥牛的血液生理指标及屠宰性能结果表明 ,饲喂AFCD的延边育肥牛血液葡萄糖水平升高(P <0 0 1) ,但血清总清蛋白、总脂肪、血钙和血磷含量无显著变化 (P >0 0 6 ) ,屠宰率、净肉率和眼肌面积分别提高了 8 33% ,11 4 3%和 7 0 2 % (P <0 0 5 ) ,肌肉不饱和脂肪酸 (P <0 1)和脂肪含量 (P <0 0 1)有提高 ,但必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸总量无显著变化 (P >0 1)。说明饲喂酒精发酵玉米饲粮可以改善延边牛肉质。  相似文献   

捻转血矛线虫离体培养的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

孟雁  孔繁瑶 《畜牧兽医学报》1993,24(1):74-80

本实验研究了:(1)三种人工合成培养基:M199、NCTC109、F_(12);(2)小牛脱纤维蛋白血(以下简称小牛脱纤血)、Filde’s试剂,Bovine hemin;(3)pH值等几种因素对离体培养中捻转血矛线虫(Haemonchou contortus)L_3发育至L_4的影响。结果表明:(1)在相同条件下,NCTC109和M199培养系中的L_3可发育至L_4晚期,F_(12)中L_3只发育至L_4早期;三种培养系中L_3发育至L_4的虫体数占存活虫体数的90％以上,以NCTC109中的发育率为最高,达100％。(2)小牛脱纤血、Filde’s试剂和Bovine hemin对L_3发育至L_4均有促进作用,虫体的存活率明显提高,晚四期幼虫的存活时间延长;小牛脱纤血和Filde’s试剂可使L_3至晚L_4的时间缩短。(3)pH 5.8～6.2时,L_3发育至L_4;速度明显减慢,发育率不到50％;pH 6.6～6.8时,L_3发育至L_4的同步性及发育率明显提高,以pH6.6为最佳。  相似文献