连栽木麻黄根际微生物群落结构和功能特征     

李建鹃  罗扬  周柳婷  白莹  李键  吴承祯 《森林与环境学报》2020,(1):9-15

以不同栽培代数的木麻黄(第1代FCP、第2代SCP、第3代TCP)根际土壤为试验材料,运用BIOLOG微平板和磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)技术分析根际土壤微生物群落结构和功能多样性对多代连栽响应。结果表明,不同代数的土壤微生物对各类碳源的利用程度存在显著差异,连栽后木麻黄根际土壤微生物对碳源利用率显著下降。在6类碳源中,除胺类外,其他5种碳源均呈现FCP>SCP>TCP。PLFA分析共检测到11种PLFA生物标记,FCP土壤微生物PLFA生物标记总量明显高于SCP和TCP,3个代数土壤中含量最高的PLFA生物标记是i16:0、a15:0和18:1ω9c。土壤中特征微生物含量差异明显,细菌分布量最大,其次是真菌和放线菌。随栽植代数增加,细菌含量减少,真菌含量增加。土壤微生物群落多样性指数均呈现FCP>TCP>SCP,与土壤理化性质变化密切相关。可见木麻黄连栽显著影响其根际土壤微生物群落结构与功能,因此根际土壤微生态失衡可能是导致木麻黄连栽障碍的重要因素。  相似文献   

磷脂为与水生动物生物膜的关系     

赵春蓉  周小秋 《中国饲料》2005,(17):24-26

磷脂是机体的结构脂类,具有多种生理功能,特别是在维持生物膜结构和功能上有重要作用。本文就磷脂在水生动物体内的合成能力,对生物膜流动性、膜ATPase活性的影响等方面作一综述。  相似文献   

Content and distribution of different phosphorus forms in broiler chickens          下载免费PDF全文

X.‐K. Li  J.‐Z. Wang  C.‐H. Zhang  X. Li  C.‐H. Tang 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):271-278

To understand the background value of phosphorus in chickens, the quantitative distribution of different phosphorus forms, including total phosphorus (TP), free phosphate (FP) and phospholipid (PL), in viscera, blood and bones of broiler chickens was investigated. Results showed that phosphorus contents exhibited significant differences in different parts of chickens. TP content of breast and thigh meat was over 5.0 g/kg, in which most of the phosphorus was in the form of water‐soluble phosphates. TP content in viscera was higher than that in meat, and spleen was observed to contain the highest amount of phosphorus (10.0 g/kg). In all tested organs, FP and PL contents in liver were the highest, ranging between 1207–1989 and 81–369 mg/kg respectively. TP content in chicken bone was in the range of 52 716–136 643 mg/kg, and FP content in the bone was relatively lower than that in chicken meat.  相似文献   

内毒素对兔红细胞膜磷脂含量的影响及阳离子A对其的拮抗效应     

高斌  高洪  严玉霖 《中国兽医学报》2006,26(4):397-400

利用高效液相色谱法分别测定正常对照组（Ⅰ组）、内毒素组（Ⅱ组）和内毒素＋阳离子A拮抗组（Ⅲ组）中兔红细胞膜磷脂酰胆碱（PC）、磷脂酰乙醇胺（PE）、磷脂酰丝氨酸（PS）和磷脂酰肌醇（PI）含量。结果显示，Ⅱ组中除PE在处理后0．5h没有明显变化外（P〉0．05），PC、PE、PS、PI含量在0，5、1、3、5、7h均低于Ⅰ组（P〈0.05，P〈0．01）；而Ⅲ组中除PS、PE和PI在处理后0．5h、PC在1h、PI在3h没有明显变化外（P〉0．05），整个时间段中上述4种磷脂的含量均高于Ⅱ组（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）。可见，内毒素能使兔红细胞膜磷脂含量降低，而阳离子A在一定程度上具有对内毒素的拮抗作用和对红细胞膜的保护效应。  相似文献   

两种颜色栉孔扇贝卵及其早期胚胎磷脂和核酸含量的比较          下载免费PDF全文

周丽青  杨爱国  刘志鸿  王清印 《中国水产科学》2006,13(5):745-748

用钼蓝比色法和紫外分光光度法分别测定栉孔扇贝（Chlamys farrPri）两种颜色的卵子及其早期胚胎中磷脂含量和核酸含量，并进行比较。结果表明，橘红色卵子的RNA含量较浅黄色的略高，而两种颜色卵子的DNA含量却非常相似；在2细胞期，高受精率的受精卵其RNA量迅速增加，DNA和磷脂含量变化不大，但低受精率的受精卵相对未受精卵而言，其DNA、RNA和磷脂含量略有降低；在32～64细胞期，受精率高的胚胎中DNA和磷脂含量增加幅度大，RNA基本保持恒定。磷脂含量与卵子或胚胎的颜色可能有关，核酸、磷脂含量的变化与受精率高低有关。本实验旨为鉴定扇贝卵子的质量提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

超声波辅助提取鱼脑磷脂的研究     

张丽  卢航  刘迪  刘鹏宇  朱瑶  胡建恩 《大连海洋大学学报》2014,(1):66-69

以鲣鱼脑为原料,对鱼脑磷脂超声提取方法进行了研究.以磷脂提取率为评价指标,通过单因素和正交试验优化了鱼脑磷脂提取的条件.结果表明：以正己烷-乙醇（体积比2∶1）为提取溶剂,超声提取时间为40 min,超声温度为35℃,固液比为1∶9 （g∶ mL）,超声提取2次,在此条件下鱼脑磷脂的提取率达到氯仿-甲醇法的87.1％;通过薄层色谱分析,确定鲣鱼脑磷脂中含有磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酰胆碱和神经鞘磷脂3种磷脂;用气相色谱法测定鲣鱼脑磷脂的脂肪酸组成,高不饱和脂肪酸中DHA和EPA的含量分别为21.1％和2.4％.研究表明,用超声法提取鱼脑磷脂具有可行性,鱼脑磷脂中含丰富的不饱和脂肪酸,在食品加工中具有一定的应用前景.  相似文献   

Interaction of grammistins with lipids and their antibacterial activity   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

Hiroshi Yokota  Yuji Nagashima  Kazuo Shiomi 《Fisheries Science》2001,67(5):928-933

ABSTRACT: Grammistins are hemolytic and ichthyotoxic peptides in the skin secretion of soapfishes and are structurally characterized by their abundance in amphiphilic α-helicity. In the present study, their interaction with lipids and lipid vesicles as well as antibacterial activity were examined using four grammistins (Gs 1 and Gs 2 from Grammistes sexlineatus and Pp 1 and Pp 3 from Pogonoperca punctata ). The hemolytic activity of grammistins was inhibited by phospholipids but not by cholesterol. Moreover, grammistins released carboxyfluorescein entrapped within liposomes made of phosphatidylcholine. In contrast, grammistins were found to have antibacterial activity with a broad spectrum against nine species of bacteria, including both Gram-negative and Gram-positive groups. The potency of their antibacterial activity was not related to that of hemolytic activity, suggesting that grammistins bind to membrane phospholipids but lyse erythrocyte and bacterial membranes via different mechanisms. Conclusively, grammistins are new members of the family of cell non-selective membrane-lytic peptides with amphiphilic α-helices, being similar to pardaxins, which are secreted from the skin of soles, and to melittin, which is derived from bee venom.  相似文献   

Incorporation and metabolism of (n-3) and (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids in phospholipid classes in cultured rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) cells     

Douglas R. Tocher 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1990,8(3):239-249

The incorporation and metabolism of various (n-3) and (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids supplemented to the culture medium was investigated in the rainbow trout cell line, RTG-2. The distribution, and the occurrence and relative extent of further desaturation and elongation of the incorporated acids was determined in individual phospholipid classes by analysis of the fatty acid compositions. RTG-2 cells exhibited Δ6 and Δ5 desaturase activities whereas Δ4 desaturase activity was almost totally absent. The percentage of precursor acids was greatest in the phosphatidic acid/cardiolipin fraction (PA/CL), suggesting a role for possibly PA in the initial incorporation of these acids into the phospholipid pool. The compositional data indicated that individual intermediates and products of the desaturation pathways were associated with specific phospholipid classes probably via mechanisms depending upon the specificities of the acylating enzymes. The composition of phosphatidylinositol (PI) and the tightly controlled mechanisms for generating/maintaining it are consistent with a role for this phospholipid in providing precursor fatty acid for eicosanoid synthesis.  相似文献   

土壤有机碳组分和微生物群落对有机管理的响应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

韩兴秀  李勤奋  王进闯 《热带作物学报》2022,43(8):1728-1737

土壤有机碳（soil organic carbon, SOC）和微生物是土壤质量和健康变化的重要评价指标。为了探究热区不同的管理方式对茶园土壤有机碳组分和微生物群落组成的影响,本研究选取海南省白沙县有机茶园（organic tea plantations, OTP）和常规茶园（conventional tea plantations, CTP）作为研究对象,利用¹³C-核磁共振（¹³C-NMR）生物标记技术和磷脂脂肪酸（PLFA）来研究不同管理模式下茶园土壤中有机碳化学组分和土壤微生物的群落组成的变化,明确有机管理和无机管理对土壤有机碳组分（烷基C、O-烷基C、芳香C和羧基C）和微生物群落组成的影响。结果显示：（1）与无机管理相比,有机管理显著改变了茶园土壤中养分含量。有机质（SOM）含量增加了47.86%,总氮（TN）和总磷（TP）含量分别增加了37.40%和100%（P<0.05）。硝态氮（NO₃^--N）含量显著增加了78.80%（P<0.05）,总钾（TK）和速效钾（AK）含量显著降低（P<0.05）。（2）有机管理增加了茶园土壤中烷基C和O-烷基C的相对含量。同时,脂肪族C/芳香C的比值也高于无机管理茶园。（3）有机管理茶园土壤中的总磷脂脂肪酸含量（PLFAs）增加了29.70%（P<0.05）,且细菌、G^-和放线菌的磷脂脂肪酸的含量显著高于无机茶园（P<0.05）。（4）RDA分析表明,茶园土壤中的微生物群落结构主要受到土壤总氮（TN）、总钾（TK）、烷基C、O-烷基C和羧基C含量的影响（P<0.05）。（5）相关性分析结果显示,有机碳组分中烷基C与总微生物量、真菌、放线菌和菌根真菌含量均呈显著正相关关系。O-烷基C与微生物中真菌、细菌和真菌/细菌的比值也呈显著正相关关系。以上结果表明,对茶园有机管理能调节微生物群落结构,提高土壤有机碳的脂肪化程度,进而影响土壤有机碳的积累和周转机制。  相似文献   

磷脂氢谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶在精子发育中的作用研究进展     

蔡丝丝  刘金  王林川  陈芳艳 《广东农业科学》2014,41(16):116-119

磷脂氢谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(PHGPx)是广泛存在于哺乳动物细胞内唯一能够物接还原生物膜上脂类过氧化物的一类含硒酶.该酶在保护细胞膜完整、维持细胞的正常功能中发挥着重要作用;同时PHGPx还作为精子的结构物质,在精子的发育和成熟过程中发挥着重要作用;精液中PHGPx活性是评价精液品质的重要参数之一.对PHGPx的基因结构、体内分布以及与精子发育与成熟相关的生物学特性和功能等研究进展进行了总结.  相似文献