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1.
L-NMMA对鸡球虫早熟弱毒疫苗免疫鸡增重的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
为了研究鸡球虫早熟弱毒疫苗对免疫鸡增重的影响及一氧化氮合成酶抑制剂(L-NMMA)对免疫鸡增重和免疫效果的影响。取40只SPF雏鸡,分为空白对照组(C1、C2)和单剂量重复接种组(T1、T2),T1、T2组按推荐免疫剂量单剂量重复接种鸡球虫早熟弱毒疫苗,C1和T1、C2和T2分别于二次接种后第7、14天逐只空腹称重,剖检记录十二指肠、空肠和盲肠病变记分,取心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、腺胃、肌胃、十二指肠、空肠和盲肠进行病理组织学检查。另选取40只SPF雏鸡,分为空白对照组C20、攻毒对照组T21、免疫对照组T22和免疫加药组T23,T22和T23按推荐免疫剂量两次免疫鸡球虫早熟弱毒疫苗,T23在免疫的同时腹腔注射L-NMMA,二免后第14天T21、T22和T23均接种鸡球虫混合强毒,测定SPF雏鸡平均增重、相对增重、肠道(十二指肠、空肠和盲肠)病变记分、病变记分减少率(RLS)、血便记分、死亡率及卵囊产量等指标。结果显示,接种组的平均增重显著低于未接种组(P<0.05),接种组的十二指肠、空肠和盲肠有轻微病变且黏膜上皮细胞均有不同程度损伤和脱落;免疫加L-NMMA组一免、二免后及攻毒后试验鸡的平均增重均极显著高于免疫攻毒对照组(P<0.01),且与空白对照组鸡的平均增重无显著差异(P>0.05),且免疫对照组和免疫加药组肠道病变记分和卵囊产量无显著差异(P>0.05)。说明鸡球虫早熟弱毒疫苗对雏鸡肠道有轻微损伤,且对鸡增重有一定影响;L-NMMA可降低鸡球虫早熟弱毒疫苗对试验鸡增重的影响,且不影响疫苗的免疫效果。  相似文献   

2.
为选育毒害艾美耳球虫(E.necatri)早熟株,了解其繁殖力,为早熟弱毒活苗的研制奠定基础,本试验运用球虫的单卵囊分离技术得到一株E.necatrix(P0),并对其进行了早熟选育,得到了E.necatrix早熟株P8。P0和P8分别以0.05×104、0.1×104、0.5×104和1×104个/只的剂量接种11日龄雏鸡,接种后第7～13天每天检测粪便中的卵囊产量。结果表明,P0与P8均为接种0.5×104个/只的卵囊产量最大;P8的繁殖力是P0的55%;P8的卵囊高峰期较P0有提前趋势。  相似文献   

3.
为了研究鸡球虫早熟弱毒疫苗对免疫鸡增重的影响及一氧化氮合成酶抑制剂(L-NMMA)对免疫鸡增重和免疫效果的影响。取40只SPF雏鸡,分为空白对照组(C1、C2)和单剂量重复接种组(T1、T2),T1、T2组按推荐免疫剂量单剂量重复接种鸡球虫早熟弱毒疫苗,C1和T1、C2和T2分别于二次接种后第7、14天逐只空腹称重,剖检记录十二指肠、空肠和盲肠病变记分,取心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、腺胃、肌胃、十二指肠、空肠和盲肠进行病理组织学检查。另选取40只SPF雏鸡,分为空白对照组C20、攻毒对照组T21、免疫对照组T22和免疫加药组T23,T22和T23按推荐免疫剂量两次免疫鸡球虫早熟弱毒疫苗,T23在免疫的同时腹腔注射L-NMMA,二免后第14天T21、T22和T23均接种鸡球虫混合强毒,测定SPF雏鸡平均增重、相对增重、肠道(十二指肠、空肠和盲肠)病变记分、病变记分减少率(RLS)、血便记分、死亡率及卵囊产量等指标。结果显示,接种组的平均增重显著低于未接种组(P0.05),接种组的十二指肠、空肠和盲肠有轻微病变且黏膜上皮细胞均有不同程度损伤和脱落;免疫加L-NMMA组一免、二免后及攻毒后试验鸡的平均增重均极显著高于免疫攻毒对照组(P0.01),且与空白对照组鸡的平均增重无显著差异(P0.05),且免疫对照组和免疫加药组肠道病变记分和卵囊产量无显著差异(P0.05)。说明鸡球虫早熟弱毒疫苗对雏鸡肠道有轻微损伤,且对鸡增重有一定影响;L-NMMA可降低鸡球虫早熟弱毒疫苗对试验鸡增重的影响,且不影响疫苗的免疫效果。  相似文献   

4.
为研究鸡艾美耳球虫哈尔滨株单一虫种的生物学特性,本研究利用单卵囊分离技术分离了6种鸡艾美耳球虫哈尔滨株,用分离的单卵囊接种雏鸡,同时应用PCR方法对收集的单卵囊分离株进行球虫种类鉴定并进行同源性和系统进化分析.结果显示,分离得到的6株鸡艾美耳球虫分别为柔嫩艾美耳球虫、毒害艾美耳球虫、堆型艾美耳球虫、早熟艾美耳球虫、和缓艾美耳球虫和布氏艾美耳球虫,PCR结果表明单卵囊分离株确为该6种纯株.本研究表明毛细吸管单卵囊分离法简便易行,使接种难度降低,提高了接种成功率,为球虫的分子生物学研究奠定了基础.  相似文献   

5.
鸡堆型艾美耳球虫早熟株的最小免疫剂量研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
《中国兽医学报》2016,(2):244-248
为确定堆型艾美耳球虫(Eimeria acervulina)早熟株的最小免疫剂量,设立了6个早熟株1次免疫组、6个早熟株2次免疫组、2个空白对照组、2个攻毒组。SPF鸡4日龄时以200、300、400、500、600、1 000个/羽的剂量接种早熟株卵囊进行第1次免疫,于14日龄使用1次免疫2倍的剂量进行第2次免疫。一次/二次免疫组及各不免疫攻虫组分别于18或28日龄以2×105个/羽的同源强毒株进行攻毒,以相对增重率、病变记分、病变记分减少率、卵囊抑制率和抗球虫指数(ACI)等指标评价免疫效果,确定最小免疫剂量。结果显示,本次试验使用的早熟株具有良好的免疫原性,不同免疫剂量均能诱发雏鸡产生保护力,且随着免疫剂量的增加保护力逐渐提高。一次免疫剂量为1 000个/羽和二次免疫的首次免疫剂量大于等于400个/羽、第二次免疫800个/羽,可达到良好免疫效果,可分别定为E.acervulina早熟株一次免疫和二次免疫的最小免疫剂量。  相似文献   

6.
穿心莲作为清热解毒类中药,具有抑制炎症、抗感染等药理活性,其对鸡球虫感染所致肠道炎症的作用尚不清楚。本文以柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E.tenella)接种制作雏鸡球虫感染模型,在接种前1d至接种后6d连续口服给予不同剂量的穿心莲片剂(50mg,100mg,200mg)。试验结果表明,200mg组中感染鸡的血便排出推迟了1d,且明显降低了血便记分和粪便卵囊排出量,盲肠病变记分也相应降低。对E.tenella感染引起的增重以及中枢免疫器官(胸腺、法氏囊)指数的下降有回升作用,且表现出一定的剂量效应。不同剂量组的抗球虫指数均低于160。这说明穿心莲片能减轻雏鸡E.tenella的感染程度,但未达到中效抗球虫药的疗效。  相似文献   

7.
为研究多次传代后的鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫(Eimeria tenella)YL株的致病性,分别以不同剂量的36代次柔嫩艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊感染7日龄雏鸡,通过临床症状、死亡率、血便程度、潜隐期、盲肠病变、平均增重及每克粪便卵囊数(OPG)对其致病性进行评价.结果显示,不同剂量孢子化卵囊感染雏鸡均在感染后3d～4d出现血便,球...  相似文献   

8.
同一日龄雏鸡接种不同剂量的柔嫩艾美尔球虫,研究接种不同剂量柔嫩艾美尔球虫对雏鸡血清抗氧化酶的影响。将60只健康鸡随机分为6组(n=10),分别接种0、0.5×104、1×104、2×104、4×104和8×104个孢子化卵囊。接种后7 d颈静脉采血,分离血清,测定血清脂质过氧化物(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。结果表明雏鸡感染不同剂量的柔嫩艾美尔球虫后,按接种剂量从低到高,血清中MDA含量先降低后升高变化差异极显著(P0.01);血清SOD活性先升高后降低,差异极显著(P0.01);血清GSH-PX活性先升高后降低,差异极显著(P0.01);血清CAT活性较对照组极显著性降低(P0.01)。不同剂量柔嫩艾美尔球虫感染对雏鸡血清MDA含量和SOD、GSH-PX、CAT活性有一定的影响。  相似文献   

9.
为了比较堆型艾美耳球虫（E．acervulina）早熟株与强毒株的致病性和繁殖力情况,通过测定接种 E．acervulina 早熟株与强毒株后鸡只的精神状态、临床症状、增重、病变记分和卵囊产量,表明早熟株的排卵囊高峰出现在第5天,比强毒株提前1 d,早熟株的繁殖力是强毒株的85．8％;早熟株感染后对鸡只增重的影响较小,接种剂量在2．40×104个卵囊／羽之内时,相对增重率均大于90．0％,早熟株组鸡的肠道病变记分显著低于同剂量的强毒株组的肠道病变记分（P ＜0．05）。由此认为,该早熟株符合球虫早熟株的低致病性特性,可用于鸡球虫病早熟苗的制备。  相似文献   

10.
为了研究穿心莲(AG)与复方磺胺间甲氧嘧啶(CoSM)联合用药对鸡球虫感染的预防作用,试验采用柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E.tenella)卵囊接种雏鸡,并作为球虫感染模型。在接种前1 d至接种后6 d连续口服给予不同剂量AG片剂或CoSM,通过临床球虫病症状、雏鸡增重、免疫器官指数、抗球虫指数等指标来评价AG、复方磺胺间甲氧嘧啶(CoSM)以及联合用药对雏鸡球虫感染的影响。结果表明:AG、CoSM或两者联合用药均减轻了球虫感染所致的腹泻,AG与CoSM联合应用组的雏鸡增重显著高于感染对照组(P0.05),联合用药组效果最好;AG和CoSM对E.tenella感染引起的免疫器官指数的变化也有明显的调节作用;与感染对照组相比,各药物处理组的抗球虫指数(ACI)均明显提高,其中联合用药组的ACI最高,达到175.6。说明AG与CoSM联合应用在对抗雏鸡球虫感染时具有增效作用。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

15.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

16.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

17.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

18.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

19.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

20.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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