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1.
以干膏得率和绿原酸提取率为考核指标，采用正交设计法对肝毒净颗粒水提取工艺进行考察。肝毒净颗粒最佳提取工艺的方案为加水量8倍，提取2次，每次1．0h。该工艺科学合理，适于大规模生产。  相似文献   

2.
[摘 要] 建立了同时测定双葛止泻口服液中绿原酸和葛根素含量的测定方法。采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法,使用Waters XBridge C18（250 × 4.6 mm,5 μm）色谱柱,流动相为乙腈-0.4%磷酸溶液梯度洗脱;检测波长为315 nm;流速为1.0 mL/min;柱温为30 ℃。结果表明,绿原酸浓度在0.008242~0.1030 mg/mL的范围内,与峰面积线性关系良好（r = 1.0000）,平均回收率为99.1%（n = 6）,RSD为1.8%;葛根素浓度在0.02296~0.2871 mg/mL的范围内,与峰面积线性关系良好（r = 1.0000）,平均回收率为98.7%（n = 6）,RSD为1.6%。该方法简单、准确、专属性强,可用于双葛止泻口服液中绿原酸和葛根素的质量控制。  相似文献   

3.
为准确测定银黄颗粒制剂中绿原酸和黄芩苷的含量,建立了一套运用HPLC进行绿原酸和黄芩苷含量测定的简便方法。色谱柱,十八烷基硅烷基键合硅胶柱（4．6mm×250mm;5μm）;绿原酸检测波长为327nm;流动相,乙腈-0．4％磷酸溶液（10：90）;黄芩苷检测波长为274nm;流动相,甲醇-水-0．29／6磷酸（50：50：0．2）,并对该方法进行了方法学考证。结果表明,此方法具有样品处理简便、色谱分离度和重现性好的特点,可用于银黄颗粒制剂中绿原酸和黄芩苷含量的准确测定,以实现对银黄颗粒产品的质量控制。  相似文献   

4.
通过性状、显微鉴别、薄层色谱鉴别,水分及总灰分的检查,醇溶性浸出物的测定,绿原酸和咖啡酸含量的HPLC同时测定初步建立了白英的质量标准。水分及总灰分不得大于7.0%和9.0%。醇溶性浸出物不得少于4.0%。绿原酸和咖啡酸含量的HPLC同时测定以C18柱为固定相,0.4%的磷酸溶液-乙腈（87: 13）为流动相,流速为1.0mL.min-1,柱温30℃,检测波长327nm。采用外标法定量计算含量。绿原酸的线性范围为5.0~1000μg.mL-1,回归方程为Area =14.924×Amt+2.6256 (n = 5),相关系数r2= 0.99999。添加量为1.50mg.g-1的8个添加样品的平均回收率为86.5%;咖啡酸的线性范围为2.0~50μg.mL-1,回归方程为Area =24.423×Amt+2.4557 (n = 5),相关系数r2= 0.99998。添加量为55μg.g-1的8个添加样品的平均回收率为83.0%。方法专属性强,灵敏度佳,准确度高,可作为控制白英的质量标准。  相似文献   

5.
目的：建立同时测定中药复方“LH”中绿原酸和连翘苷含量的高效液相色谱方法。方法：以Zorbax Extend．C18柱（4．6mm×150him,5μm）为色谱柱,以乙腈-0．1％醋酸溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1．0mL／min,检测波长344nm。结果：绿原酸、连翘苷的线性范围分别为0．0125—0．625vg（r=0．9999）,0．05—2．5μg（r=0．9999）,平均回收率为98．40％和96．67％,RSD分别为1．35％、1．23％（n=6）;结论：该法准确、快速、简便、重现性好,且具有良好的回收率,可用于中药复方“L”中绿原酸和连翘苷的含量测定。  相似文献   

6.
HPLC法测定徐长卿中绿原酸的含量   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
建立HPLC法测定徐长卿中绿原酸的含量。采用索氏提取法以70％的甲醇水溶液为提取剂对徐长卿中的绿原酸进行提取。在SHIMADZU C18色谱柱（250mm×4．6mm,5μm）,流动相乙腈-0．5％磷酸水溶液（1：9,V/V）;流速1．0mL/min;柱温25℃;检测波长327nm的条件下进行检测。结果表明,绿原酸在0．232—4．640μg范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系,r=0．9997。平均回收率为99．32％,RSD为0．216％（n=5）。该方法简便、可靠、重现性好,可作为徐长卿中绿原酸含量测定的方法。  相似文献   

7.
目的：运用RP-HPLC法建立绿原酸分析方法。方法：采用Waters 1525液相色谱附二极管阵列检测器与紫外检测器,Waters ODS C18柱（3.9 mm×150 mm,4μm）,流动相：2.5 mmol/L四丁基溴化铵水溶液-乙腈（87∶13）,检测波长：325 nm,流速：1 mL/min;柱温：25℃。结果：绿原酸线性范围为0.41-41μg/mL,r=0.999 9,样品平均回收率为99.81%,RSD为1.49%。结论：本方法简便、准确可靠,适用于松针叶及成分复杂且含量低的常绿植物中绿原酸含量测定。  相似文献   

8.
以9 mg/kg的剂量给奶山羊静注绿原酸后,采用高效液相色谱法测定药动学参数。流动相为甲醇∶1%冰醋酸(20∶80),色谱柱为Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18(5μm×4.6 mm×150mm),紫外检测波长327 nm,柱温25℃,流速1 mL/min。绿原酸在奶山羊体内呈二室开放模型,其药代动力学参数CO/(μg.mL-1)=20.978 8±6.322 2,A/(μg.mL-1)=17.364 0±5.594 3,B/(μg.mL-1)=3.614 7±1.637 7,α/h-1=22.293 2±5.003 8,β/h-1=5.969 2±0.907 9,t1/2β/h=0.118 6±0.020 5,AUC/(mg.L-1.h-1)=1.366 8±0.251 5。  相似文献   

9.
本文旨在建立一种高效液相色谱法测定天然植物饲料原料中绿原酸含量的分析方法。样品用甲醇水溶液（1:1,V/V）提取后，滤过，高效液相色谱法测定。色谱柱为岛津InertSustain C18柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm），以乙腈-0.4%醋酸溶液为流动相，梯度洗脱。柱温25℃，流速1.0 mL/min，检测波长330 nm。结果表明：该方法在0.025～0.5 mg/mL内线性良好，R2=0.999 9；该方法具有较好的重复性、准确度和精密度，加样回收率为93.08%～104.86%，相对标准偏差（RSD）小于3.07%，可用于测定天然植物饲料原料中绿原酸含量。  相似文献   

10.
为了建立兽用白头翁颗粒中白头翁皂苷B4的含量测定方法.利用HPLC法,采用HypersilC18柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5μL）,以乙腈—0.1％磷酸（27∶73,V/V）为流动相,检测波长为205 nm,流速1.0 mL/min,柱温30℃.以白头翁皂苷B4对照为参比,在白头翁颗粒色谱图中,对白头翁皂苷B4的保留时间及峰面积的RSD进行分析.采用外标法测定3批白头翁颗粒中白头翁皂苷B4的含量.试验结果显示,白头翁皂苷B4在0.1～2.0 mg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,（r=0.9995,n=6）,平均含量为11.29mg/g,平均回收率为99.28％ （RDS=2.09％,n=9）.该方法操作简便、结果准确,重复性好,可用于兽用白头翁颗粒的质量控制.  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

15.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

16.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

18.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

19.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

20.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
  相似文献   

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