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《中国兽医杂志》2020,(1)
探求生鲜牛乳生产中耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)耐药情况和散播特点,采集山西某奶牛养殖区的内外环境、挤奶间环境及乳等各生产环节样本,经细菌分离、纯化培养、16S rRNA鉴定、苯唑西林和头孢西丁药敏纸片法及mecA基因扩增筛选MRSA,测定了其对14种抗生素的药物敏感性,利用mecA基因序列和ERIC-PCR指纹图谱分析鲜牛乳生产中MRSA的遗传相似性。结果显示,从721份生鲜牛乳生产样本中分离鉴定出184株金黄色葡萄球菌,其中90株为MRSA,检出率为48.9%;药敏试验显示,MRSA表现不同程度的耐药性和多重耐药性,对青霉素G的耐药率为95.6%,多重耐药种数主要集中在6～8耐;mecA基因序列分析显示,MRSA的mecA耐药基因同源性为95.22%,不同序列有程度不一的碱基位点缺失和突变;ERIC-PCR同源性分析显示,90株MRSA的DNA指纹图谱相似性为52%～100%,其中牛乳中MRSA与牛场(15株)、挤奶间(3株)、居民区空气(1株)的同源性在90%以上。提示在生鲜乳生产环节中均存在大量MRSA的污染,且呈多重耐药性,并可在牛场、挤奶间和附近环境通过直接接触和形成微生物气溶胶污染生鲜牛乳。 相似文献
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[目的]为快速、准确检测出生鲜牛乳中黄曲霉毒素M1,保证牛奶卫生安全。[方法]采用SNAP黄曲霉毒素M1快速检测试剂盒检测生鲜牛乳中黄曲霉毒素M1。在2012年4月、9月和2013年6月分别对新疆巴州辖区内16个奶站的奶缸、奶牛养殖小区、运输车辆分别抽16份生鲜乳样品检测黄曲霉毒素M1。[结果]16份生鲜乳样品中检测黄曲霉毒素M1,结果全部为阴性。[结论]对巴州辖区内16个奶站的奶缸、奶牛养殖小区、运输车辆进行了生鲜牛乳黄曲霉毒素M1抽样检测项目,16份生鲜牛乳样品结果全部为阴性,未检出黄曲霉毒素M1,合格率为100%。 相似文献
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呼和浩特地区牛乳及其乳制品中兽药残留现状调查 《畜牧与饲料科学》2016,37(12):35-35
旨在了解呼和浩特地区牛乳及其乳制品中兽药残留现状。采用现场调查、问卷调查等方法,调查了65家经销奶产品超市及60家奶产品特产经销店乳制品的销售情况,调查了139名呼和浩特市市民对牛乳及其乳制品的食用情况;调查了35个牛场驻场兽医及10名相关专家在临床上的兽药使用现状。采用回顾性调查方法,调查了2014—2015年内蒙古有关权威部门采用LC-MS-MS、ELISA等方法对呼和浩特地区370份牛乳进行兽药残留检测的结果。采用HPLC方法,检测了呼和浩特地区74份牛乳制品样本中的兽药残留。调查结果显示,呼和浩特市被调查的对象中96.41%的消费者食用牛乳及其乳制品,56.11%的消费者关注乳制品中兽药残留问题;呼和浩特地区牛乳总销量的94.46%来自于呼和浩特地区奶牛场,5.54%来自于其他地区;94.44%的牛场有专职兽医;20%的被调查牛场有超量使用兽药的情况,85.71%的被调查牛场有用药记录,94.29%的被调查牛场严格执行兽药休药期;100%的牛场对所产牛乳进行抗菌药物检测;目前呼和浩特地区兽医临床最常用的4种抗菌药物分别为青霉素、氨苄西林、阿莫西林及头孢噻呋,其他有庆大霉素、甲硝唑等。实验室检测结果显示,呼和浩特地区2014—2015年生产的牛乳中兽药残留均为阴性,市售乳制品样本中亦未检出残留。呼和浩特各辖区生产、流通的牛乳及其乳制品均符合动物性食品中兽药最高残留限量要求。 相似文献
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[目的]为了快速、准确地检测出生鲜牛乳中是否含有三聚氰胺,以保证生鲜牛乳及其产品的卫生安全。[方法]采用酶联免疫法（SNAP法）检测生鲜牛乳中三聚氰胺的含量,对新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州辖区内的17个奶站的奶缸、运输车辆进行生鲜乳样品抽样检测,共抽样60份。f结果]对60份生鲜乳样品进行三聚氰胺含量检测,检测结果全部为阴性。[结论]对新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州辖区内的17个奶站的奶缸、运输车辆所抽取的60份生鲜牛乳进行了三聚氰胺含量检测,60份生鲜牛乳样品检测结果全部为阴性,检测样品60份,合格数60份,合格率为100％。 相似文献
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《畜牧与兽医》2015,(12):107-109
采用酶联免疫吸附试验法(ELISA)对南阳市13个县市区的奶牛养殖场或合作社的生鲜牛乳黄曲霉毒素M1(AFM1)污染状况进行检测。结果表明:800份生鲜牛乳样品的检出率为45.63%,检出范围为0.03μg/kg~0.8μg/kg,超标率为4.13%;第一季度和第四季度的生鲜牛乳AFM1检出率分别为53%、58.5%,超标率分别为5%、6%,均显著高于第二季度和第三季度的检出率和超标率;800份生鲜牛乳样品中有63.5%的样品符合国际食品法典委员会等制定的0.05μg/kg限量标准,76.75%的生鲜牛乳能达到我国农业部制定的绿色食品和无公害食品的0.2μg/kg限量标准。 相似文献
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为了快速检测生鲜牛乳中的产肠毒素大肠埃希菌(enterotoxigenic E.coli,ETEC),防止食源性产肠毒素大肠埃希菌给人类造成的危害,建立快速检测不耐热型产肠毒素大肠埃希菌的环介导等温扩增方法(LAMP)。敏感性和特异性试验结果表明,该方法敏感性高,特异性强,能够从生鲜牛乳中检测到1pg产肠毒素大肠埃希菌DNA,与其他型大肠埃希菌及细菌不发生交叉反应。利用建立的LAMP技术对来自西宁市奶牛场及自由市场的21份生鲜牛乳样品进行检测,6份样品呈阳性,阳性检出率为28.6%,从分子水平为生鲜牛乳中产肠毒素大肠埃希菌的检测提供了一种快速、准确的手段,对保障生鲜牛乳的食品安全有重要意义。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献