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莪术CPD染色和45S rDNA荧光原位杂交核型分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了对莪术[Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe]的染色体进行识别并对该物种基因组的结构及进化进行初步研究,利用改进的火焰干燥法及荧光原位杂交技术,对莪术中期染色体的长度,着丝粒的位置及随体的数目进行分析。PI和DAPI组合（CPD）染色后和相继的45S rDNA探针荧光原位杂交结果显示,莪术具有五对45S rDNA位点,三对位于8,22,31号染色体末端的CPD带区,二对位于4,30号染色体的短臂上。第五号短臂为富含GC对的非45S rDNA位点。该实验建立了莪术的经典核型,为非整倍体,核型公式为2n＝62+1=40m+12sm+1m,其核型不对称性为2A型。 相似文献
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花生的荧光显带和rDNA荧光原位杂交核型分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
建立花生准确而详细的核型对于阐明其起源和开展其基因组研究十分重要。本研究采用DAPI显带和5S、45S rDNA探针双色荧光原位杂交对花生有丝分裂中期染色体进行了分析。结果表明,花生的单倍基因组总长度为(81.06±3.74) μm,最长染色体为(4.72±0.15) μm,最短染色体为(2.62±0.14)μm;有15对染色体显示了着丝粒区DAPI+带,其中10对为强带,5对为弱带;有2对5S rDNA位点和5对45S rDNA位点,其中1对5S与1对45S位点同线。综合染色体测量数据、DAPI+带和rDNA杂交信号,对花生染色体进行了准确配对和排列,建立了详细的分子细胞遗传学核型。花生的核型公式为2n=4x=40=38m+2sm(SAT),核型不对称类型属于2A型。 相似文献
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崖城割手密11号与拔地拉核型比较分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
热带种与割手密种是甘蔗有性杂交育种的主要亲本材料,为探讨其染色体的数目、类型等特征,采用核型分析方法对崖城割手密11号（Saccharum.spont.YC No.11）和拔地拉（Badila）进行了研究。结果表明：崖城割手密11号染色体数目为2n=64,核型公式为：2n=64=56m（2sat）＋8sm,核型类型为2A型。拔地拉染色体数目为2n=80,核型公式为：2n=80=80m,核型类型为1B型。崖城割手密11号和拔地拉的核型在进化上属于比较原始的类型,而且崖城割手密11号的核型比拔地拉的核型更原始。 相似文献
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《种子》2020,(8)
以偏穗鹅观草(Roegneria komarovii)为试验材料,利用荧光原位杂交技术,进行5 S rDNA、45 S rDNA以及重复序列pAs 1 DNA的定位,观察荧光原位杂交信号的分布特征以及信号的强弱,对偏穗鹅观草进行染色体配对以及核型分析。结果表明:1)偏穗鹅观草的染色体组总长度为104.785 μm,平均绝对长度为7.485 μm,最长染色体与最短染色体长度比为2.030,臂比大于2∶1的染色体有0组,核型不对称系数为56.01%,具有2对随体,分别位于第6号染色体和第14号染色体的短臂上,故偏穗鹅观草的核型公式是2 n=4 x=28=26 m(4 SAT)+2 sm,核型类型属于1 B型。2) 5 S rDNA位于第6对染色体的短臂上和第11对染色体的长臂上;45 S rDNA位于第6对染色体的短臂上和第14对染色体的短臂上;有8对染色体检测到明显的pAs 1 DNA的荧光信号,大多分布于染色体的端部,少数定位于着丝粒区域。 相似文献
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杉木根尖细胞染色体C带及荧光带型的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对杉木的根尖有丝分裂中期染色体进行研究,结果发现,杉木的染色体核型为2n=22=20m(2SAT) 2sm,10对染色体均为中间着丝粒染色体,只有1对(最小一对)为近中着丝粒染色体,第3对为具随体的染色体,核型不对称性属于1B型.对杉木的Giemsa C-带进行研究发现,有8对染色体有C带出现,只有3对染色体无C带,C带纹均出现在染色体的两臂.且利用C带在杉木11对染色体上的分布情况,能够较容易地辨认出11对中的5对染色体.而荧光分带研究的结果则为在杉木根尖细胞的中期分裂相中,只有CMA(色霉素A3)在带有随体的染色体的次缢痕和随体处有专一的荧光带纹,而DAPI无带.CMA带比DAPI带更适宜杉木的分带研究.最后讨论了C带与荧光带的在杉木染色体研究中的应用. 相似文献
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《种子》2021,(8)
以野大麦(Hordeum brevisubulatum L.)为材料,采用荧光原位杂交技术,以5 SrDNA、45 SrDNA及重复序列pAs 1和pSc 119.2为探针,与野大麦染色体标本进行原位杂交,通过观察探针在染色体上标记的位置、标记信号的强弱,对野大麦染色体组进行核型分析。结果表明,5 SrDNA位于第10号和第14号染色体的短臂上;45 SrDNA位于第6号、第10号、第11号、第12号、第13号、第14号染色体的短臂上;pAs 1 DNA的荧光信号大部分出现在染色体的端部,部分出现在着丝粒区域;pSc 119.2的荧光信号出现在第7号和第14号染色体短臂的顶端,第10号染色体一条短臂的顶端,另一条染色体可能顶端缺失导致没有出现pSc 119.2荧光信号。核型公式为2 n=4 x=28=28 m(12 SAT),核型类型属于1 A型,核型不对称系数为57.227%。 相似文献
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《分子植物育种》2020,(15)
为了分析陆均松的核型特征,本研究在常规染色体压片方法的基础上,以海南陆均松(Dacrydium pierrei)茎尖为试材,从取材时间、预处理液的选择、处理时间、解离液的选择、解离时间和染色的时间上对染色体压片技术加以改进,然后利用Adobe Photoshop软件进行核型分析。结果表明,陆均松染色体压片最佳方法:取材时间为8:00 am～9:00 am,预处理使用0.1%秋水仙素处理2～4 h,固定液使用卡诺固定液(冰醋酸:无水酒精=1:3)在4℃下固定24 h,解离采用1 mol/L盐酸在水浴60℃下处理10 min,最后使用卡宝品红染液染色10 min。核型分析结果表明,陆均松染色体基数为x=10,染色体数目2n=20;其核型公式为2n=2x=20=14 m+6 sm,7对染色体为中部着丝点染色体类型(m),3对染色体为亚中着丝点染色体类型(sm)。本研究结果不仅为陆均松种内和种间杂交的研究提供理论依据,而且为陆均松染色体加倍等新品种的培育提供可靠的实验材料。 相似文献
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Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
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C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
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Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
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G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
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Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
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Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
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Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes. 相似文献
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W. Erskine M. Tufail A. Russell M. C. Tyagi M. M. Rahman M. C. Saxena 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):127-135
Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed. 相似文献
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D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
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Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献