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1.
大豆叶茸毛着生状态的变异及其与豆卷叶螟抗性的相关性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大量观察发现大豆叶柄茸毛着生状态有别于叶片茸毛着生状态.根据对392份来自全国各生态区的代表性样本的观察,将叶片茸毛着生状态分为匍匐、半匍匐和斜立3类,将叶柄茸毛着生状态分为紧贴、倾斜和直立3类.发现茸毛着生状态与地理来源有关,纬度增大,斜立型叶片茸毛和直立型叶柄茸毛有增加的趋势.叶片和叶柄茸毛着生状态存在极显著相关性,X2为164.72.叶片茸毛着生状态和叶柄茸毛着生状态与豆卷叶螟抗性等级间也存在极显著相关,X2分别为187.46和123.44.匍匐、半匍匐叶片茸毛和紧贴、倾斜叶柄茸毛是抗虫性状,而斜立叶片茸毛和直立叶柄茸毛是感虫性状.卷叶率、虫包在叶片和叶柄茸毛着生状态间都存在显著差异.匍匐型、半匍匐型叶片茸毛能分别降低32.25%和3.72%的虫包数,51.37%和6.89%的卷叶率.紧贴型、倾斜型叶柄茸毛能分别降低25.93%和46.40%的虫包数.42.20%和62.81%的卷叶率,大豆叶茸毛着生状态呵作为豆卷叶螟扰性的指示性状,用于大豆抗豆卷叶螟的种质筛选和育种. 相似文献
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以超高产大豆辽豆14与普通大豆辽豆11为试材,研究了不同施肥水平和种植密度处理下,钙和镁在各器官的积累与分布.结果表明:大豆各器官钙百分含量依次为叶片叶柄荚皮籽粒茎秆;镁百分含量依次为叶柄叶片荚皮茎秆籽粒.随着生育时期的推移,大豆茎秆和籽粒中钙百分含量逐渐降低,叶片和叶柄中钙的百分含量始粒期以前呈下降趋势,始粒期以后呈增加趋势,荚皮中钙百分含量随着生育时期推移波动较小.大豆茎秆、叶片和叶柄中镁百分含量均在始花期最高,荚皮中镁百分含量在盛荚期最高,籽粒中镁百分含量在始粒期最高.和辽豆11相比,各肥密处理中辽豆14各器官钙和镁的百分含量均高于辽豆11.钙积累总量肥力处理间差异显著,密度处理间差异极显著.镁积累总量密度处理间差异极显著.钙和镁积累总量肥力、密度和品种间具有显著的交互作用. 相似文献
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以超高产大豆辽豆14与普通大豆辽豆11为试材,研究了不同肥密处理对其氮素积累与利用的影响.结果表明:超高产大豆辽豆14整个生育期叶面积含氮量较高.结荚～鼓粒期叶片氮利用效率和光合氮利用效率均高于辽豆11.辽豆14氮素积累总量以300 kg·hm-2施肥处理,22.5×104株·hm-2种植密度的肥密组合最高.氮素积累总量肥力、密度和品种间具有明显的交互作用.氮素收获指数肥力与密度处理间差异极显著,肥力与品种、密度与品种以及肥力、密度和品种间均具有明显的交互作用.和辽豆11相比,不同肥密处理超高产大豆辽豆14的平均氮素利用效率高于辽豆11. 相似文献
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玉米-大豆带状套作对大豆叶片形态及光合特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究玉米-大豆带状套作下大豆不同生育时期的叶片形态和光合特性,探讨叶片对带状套作的响应机制,为耐荫大豆品种筛选与选育提供依据。以南豆12、桂夏1号和华夏5号等3个耐荫性存在显著差异的大豆品种为试验材料,在大田试验条件下,活体测定植株叶倾角、叶柄长度、叶形指数和光合特性,取样测定大豆叶片的比叶重和单株叶面积。结果表明:与单作相比,玉米大豆带状套作条件下,大豆叶倾角显著增加,苗期和花期上层增幅大,荚期则为下层增幅最大;叶形指数在苗期和花期显著增加,不同生育时期各品种不同层位对套作环境的响应程度不同;叶柄长度从大到小均依次表现为上层、中层、下层,且在套作下显著增加,其中苗期和花期上层增幅最大;比叶重和单株叶面积减小,大豆胞间CO2浓度上升,叶片净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率均显著下降。不同品种对带状套作的响应程度不同,强耐荫品种南豆12叶倾角增幅大而叶柄长度增幅最小,比叶重、单株叶面积和净光合速率下降幅度均为最小;荫蔽敏感型品种华夏5号叶柄长度增幅最大而叶倾角增幅最小,叶片胞间CO2浓度显著增加,净光合速率和单株叶面积下降均最为明显。强耐荫品种南豆12在玉米大豆带状套作模式下,能够通过调节自身叶片形态适应环境变化,光合速率下降幅度较小,从光能截获和利用方面均表现出了对套作较强的适应能力。 相似文献
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耐密植大豆品种沈农12叶片性状研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以耐密植大豆沈农12和普通大豆辽豆11为试材,在不同种植密度(7.5、15.0、22.5、30.0、37.5、45.0万株.hm-2)下,比较了2个品种的叶片性状。结果表明:耐密植品种沈农12叶形指数较高、叶柄较短、叶倾角较小,有利于密植栽培;随着种植密度增加,在一定密度范围内叶形指数、叶柄长度均随密度增加而增大;耐密性不同的品种叶柄长度随密度而增加的幅度不同,沈农12增幅较小;叶倾角也有随密度增加而减小的趋势。沈农12叶片性状有利于叶片的受光态势,因而,该品种的净光合速率较高,并且随着密度增加其叶片的净光合速率下降幅度较小。 相似文献
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大豆对豆卷叶螟的抗性鉴定 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
1999-2002年,在田间自然虫源条件下,分别以卷包密度和虫口密度为指标,鉴定大豆种质对豆卷叶螟的抗虫性.结果表明,大豆品种之间的抗虫性有显著的差异,以卷包密度为评价指标的抗虫性和以虫口密度为评价指标的抗虫性相关显著.在人工接虫条件下,研究豆卷叶螟在不同抗性大豆品种上的产卵选择性,结果显示豆卷叶螟在感虫品种上的产卵量显著多于在抗虫品种上的产卵量.经过多年鉴定,筛选出东兴青皮豆、牛黄豆、PI227687等高抗品种,皖82-178、金龙黑豆、Mosoy等高感品种. 相似文献
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不同基因型大豆品种对豆卷叶螟实验种群的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究了6个不同基因型大豆品种对豆卷叶螟(Lamprosema indicata Fabricius)实验种群的影响.结果表明:赶泰-2-2和丰平黑豆饲养的豆卷叶螟化蛹率分别为45.42%和59.25%,世代存活率分别为30.42%和39.17%,卵孵化率分别为32.50%和36.50%,均显著低于其他品种;Bethel饲养的豆卷叶螟化蛹率、世代存活率和卵孵化率均最高,吴江青豆3、皖82-178和山东大豆饲养的豆卷叶螟各指标差异不显著.在山东大豆、皖82-178、丰平黑豆和Bethel上豆卷叶螟的产卵量大,而在吴江青豆3和赶泰-2-2上的产卵量较少,山东大豆和皖82-178上的初孵幼虫数最多,分别为311.83和308.83头/株,Bethel上的幼虫数较多,为208.00头/株,而赶泰-2-2、丰平黑豆和吴江青豆3上的初孵幼虫数最少,三个品种间差异不显著. 相似文献
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选用耐密性不同的两个大豆品种垦丰16和合丰25为试材,研究了22.5万,30.0万和37.5万株·hm2三个种植密度对不同耐密性大豆品种特性的影响。结果表明:随着密度增加,耐密植品种垦丰16冠层上部叶柄长度显著低于普通品种,在高密度条件下,从第9节开始叶柄长度短于合丰25;叶形指数高于普通品种,尤其是高密度条件下从第12节位开始垦丰16的叶形指数显著或极显著高于普通品种合丰25,有利于通风透光。耐密植品种垦丰16的叶色值高于普通品种,随着密度增加叶色值峰值出现时间没有明显变化,密植条件下生育后期叶片持绿性更强。随着密度增加,耐密植品种垦丰16净光合速率和水分利用率下降速度慢,当密度为30.0万株·hm2时垦丰16与合丰25的净光合速率和水分利用率差异达到显著水平(分别为P=0.033 3,P=0.023 5),密度为37.5万株·hm2时差异达到极显著水平(分别为P=0.001 8,P=0.004 7);随着密度增加,耐密品种垦丰16产量逐渐增加,不耐密品种合丰25产量呈现先上升后降低的趋势,密度为37.5万株·hm2时,两个品种间差异达到极显著水平(P=0.001 9)。3种种植密度条件下植株形态和光合生理指标的变化表明,耐密大豆品种垦丰16冠层结构更有利于在高密度条件下通风透光,密植条件下后期持绿性强,光合速率和水分利用率受密度影响小,因此在高密度条件下能够获得较高的产量。 相似文献
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《Journal of Cereal Science》2007,45(3):236-251
Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified. 相似文献
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Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified. 相似文献
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概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。 相似文献
15.
种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。 相似文献
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近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。 相似文献
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Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from
the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch
were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics
investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules. 相似文献
19.
In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types. 相似文献
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types. 相似文献
20.
种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。 相似文献