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1.
饥饿胁迫对鲤肠道与肝脏蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of starvation on digestive enzymes activity of the carp （Cyprinus carpio） at the water temperature 18 -20℃ in the cycle and flow water aquarium. The experiment was designed for four groups with three replication,which were 0 day（control） , 10 days, 20 days, 30days group. The results showed That there was a trend to drop first and keep stabilization for Cyprinus carpio body weight and Meat Content with the prolongatin of starvation, and that Effect of starvation stress on the the activity of protease in intestine and hepatopancreas of Cyprinus carpio was significant, with the prolongatin of starvation, there was a trend to increase then drop for the activity of protease in fore-gut, mid-gut hind-gut and hepatopancreas of Cyprinus carpio. And that the variatin for activityof amylase in fore-gut was significant butthat of the others was no significant. 相似文献
2.
甲胺磷、辛硫磷对坛紫菜叶状体的生理效应 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
In this paper, the effects of methmidophos and phoxim with different concentrations and schedule on soluble protein content and chlorophyl a (Chla) content in Porphyra haintanensis were studied under experimental and ecological conditions. The results showed as follows: (1) there were some time-effect and dose-effect relationships between the pollutants and Chla contents. The Chla content of most of groups decreased with the increasing of dose and prolonging of the exposure time. In the same concentration, the toxicities of phoxim to Chla content was stronger than that of methmidophos. (2) All concentration groups in this study didn‘t show the significant time-effect and dose-effect relationships between pollutants and the soluble protein. And there was no significant difference of the soluble protein content among various groups. 相似文献
3.
鱼类血液基因组DNA提取方法优化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The genomic DNA extracted from frozen whole blood of rainbow trout with methods of chloroform-potassium acetate, rapid genomic DNA extraction （RGDE） , improved RGDE, traditional phenol-chloroform and DNA reagent kit respectively, and detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. The results showed that mothode of improved RGDE can obtain better genomie DNA of fish. Then, the effect of extracting with improved RGDE methods were compared by ultraviolet spectrophotometric method with other mothods such as traditional phenol-chloroform from blood or muscle and DNA reagent kit from blood. The results showed that the average concentration of DNA extracted with method improved RGDE was 1 050 ng/μL, and was very significant higher than that by DNA kit or by phenol- chloroform, and the average output of DNA was 1 575μg/mL, and the rate of A260/A280 was between 1.65 - 1.97. It only spent 2 hours to extract DNA with the method of improved RGDE, and there were many obvious merits such as quick speed, low cost, no pollution and no using specific installations and so on, and to amplify by random primers, the rusuhs was stable,and the electrophoresis banding was clear. 相似文献
4.
For the purpose of improving water quality, biorotator is loaded with plenty of perforated plastie balls of which inner and outer appearances can adhere with biomenbrane, thus ‘having area increased about one time as with the same makes without the balls and water purifying rate over 80% while compared with the same sized biorotating disk. A long-term experiment has shown that the biorotator is well adaptable for fish farming, resulting in high yield per unit water area and low feed coefficient. Additionally, by means of biorotator the economic efficieney is 2.5-3 times higher than that without bloratator. 相似文献
5.
半滑舌鳎染色体核型分析 总被引：34，自引：6，他引：28
The tonguefish Cynoglossus semilaevis (Giinther) is a rare fish species in Chinese offing, inhabiting in the warm water bottom. The metaphase chromosome preparation of the fries has been got from their fins by hot air drying methods, while the metaphase chromosomes of one year old young fish which has physiologically sex differentiation has teen got from their renal tissues by the method of PHA and colchicine injection. The karyotypes were examined. The result shows that there are 42 acrocentric chromosomes in diploid and their karyotype formula is 2n = 42t, and there existed heterotypic sex chromosome which belongs to ZW/ZZ type. The sex ratio in artificial bred stock is nearly 1 : 1. 相似文献
6.
草鱼加热过程中肌肉蛋白质的热变性 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
The variations of muscle tissus, peroxidase and Ca2^2 -ATPase activities and Vp (pasteurization value) were investigated with the fresh samples of grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idellus ) heated at different temperatures, thus revealing the mechanism of denaturation of muscle protein by heating. The experimental results showed the great difference in muscle tissue structure before and after the samples heated. In the initial stage of heating the water loss accounted for 50% of the total. When the samples were separately heated at 75, 85, and 95℃, fk values (dehydration curve slope) were 5, 4.1 and 1.7, respectively, while Vp reaching 40 minutes were 22, 8 and 5 min, respectively. As to the time for deactivation of peroxidase in the heated samples at the various temperatures, it varied from 38, 10 and to less than 6 min, respectively and the deactivation rates of Ca^2 -ATPase in 1 min were 50%, 88% and 100%, respectively. Consequently, the higher temperature the sample was heated, the faster rate of thermocon ductivity, the lower rate of water loss, and the faster rate of peroxidase deactivation it was. Also, the Vp for the least requirement of pasteurization ( Vp≥40min) was obtained. 相似文献
7.
贵州方竹水库浮游生物多样性与氮、磷含分布 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
As it＇s revealed in the investigation data, significant differences of N, P concentration, as well as, the component and amount of plankton were absorved mong the upper, the middle and the downstream of Fangzhu reservoir. Upstream was seriously polluted, a obvious trait, namely artificial fertilization, was absorved in the middlestream,while, compared with the Water Environment Evaluation Criteria,the water quality of the downstream was located class IU, inferior conditions were detected also. This reservoir had exhibited a high Self-purification Capacity, compared with the upstream, the concentration of TN, TP, as well as the eutrophication index of N, P in the downstream were declined 19.74% and 68.81% ,3 and 19, respectively,while the biomasses of phytoplankton and zooplankton were tremendously increased 1 984. 4 and 10.6 times,respectively, as long as the phytoplankton diversity index, evenness index and dominance index,0.32,0.16 and 0.01 increases were observed, separately. In sum, the TP eutrophication appraisal index was extremely higher than that of TP in Fangzhu reservoir. 相似文献
8.
大菱鲆胚胎的玻璃化冷冻保存 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Vitrification solutions were examined for their suitability of cryopreservation of turbot (Seophthulnms maximus) embryos. PMPI gave higher survival rate (75.68%) than other vitrification solutions and was considered to be suitable liar the cryopreservation of turbot embryos. The freezing point of the vitrification solutions consisted of PG and MeOH in the proportion of 3:2 was measured when the vitrification solutions were cryopreserved. It showed that the vitrification solutions with a cryoprotectant concentration of over 41% have no freezing point and the freezing points of vitrification solutions containing 33.33%-40% cryprotectants were between -32.4℃ and -65.4℃, The freezing point decreased with the increase of cryoprotectant concentration. The resistance of turbot embryos at different stages to the cryoprotectants was studied, It was found that the turbot embryos from 4-5 pairs somite to tail bud were more resistant to cryoprotectants and suitable to vitrify. A live embryo was obtained after cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen for 14h and was hatched out。 相似文献
9.
丁鱥雌核发育鱼的异源精子诱导及其与亲本的RAPD比较分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Gynogenesis is thought to be a useful method to generate fully inbred line and to initiate monosex culture in teleost fish. This article presents results of a study of gynogenesis of tench, Tinca tinca L. from Eltrix River of Xinjiang, China, induced by the common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) sperm inactivated with UV irradiation. When cold shocking method was used to prevent exmasion of the second polar body in order to produce gynogenetic diploids, the optimum treated parameters were screened as cold shocking for 20min at 4℃, 5min after insemination. On this condition, 10.23% of the treated eggs survived at feeding stage. A comparative study between the gynogenesis and their parents was made by RAPD technique. 82 random primers of 10 nucleotide long sequence were used in RAPD analysis. The results showed that each primer gives 3- 12 fragments for each sample with the fragment length 330 - 2 460 bp, and the genetic similarity between gynogenesis and their mother was 97.4 %, while the genetic similarity between gynogenesis and their father was 27.4%, and there were no bands only shared by gynogenesis and their father, the common carp. It revealed that the chromosome of their father, the common carp, did not penetrate into the construction of gynogenetic tench. 相似文献
10.
In order to investigate the difference in utilization of diets with different quality in Jian carp（Cyprinus carpio var. Jian）and allogynogenetic silver curcian carp(Carassius auratus gibelio), a 55 d growth trial was conducted and low quality diet (LQ-diet) and high quality diet (HQ diet) were tested. LQ-diet contained 33.91% dietary protein which is mainly from soybean meal while HQ-diet contained 45.59% dietary protein which is mainly from fish meal. The initial average body weights were from 5.58 g to 5.82 g for two fish strains. The trial was carried out in a system consisting of 12 self circulation 320 L tanks. During the experiment, the fish were fed to satiation twice a day (at 9: 00 and 15:00), and uneaten feed was collected 1 h after feeding and dried. Feces were collected twice a day (at 11:00 and 16:45) from the fecal traps and dried at 70 ℃. The results show that feed intake was higher in Jian carp than in allogynogenetic silver curcian carp when fed LQ diet, while there was no significant difference between weight gain, feed conversion efficiency, protein efficiency rate and apparent digestibility. When fed HQ diet, Jian carp showed a lower feed intake, but higher feed conversion efficiency and protein efficiency rate than allogynogenetic silver curcian carp while there was no significant difference in the weight gain and apparent digestibility of both species. For Jian carp, feed intake and protein efficiency rate for the fish fed HQ diet and LQ diet were not significantly different, while the fish fed HQ diet showed higher weight gain, feed conve
rsion efficiency and apparent digestibility. For allogynogenetic silver curcian carp, the fish fed HQ diet showed significantly higher feed intake, apparent digestibility, weight gain, feed conversion efficiency and lower protein efficiency rate. For Jian carp, body contents of dry matter, protein, lipid and energy for the fish fed HQ diet and LQ diet were significantly higher. For allogynogenetic silver curcian carp, body contents of dry matter and protein was significantly higher, while body contents of lipid and energy were affected by diet qualities. Compared to Jian carp, allogynogenetic silver curcian carp showed better utilization when fed LQ diet while poorer utilization when fed HQ diet. 相似文献
11.
以裙带菜凝集素(Undaria pinnatifida Lectin)作为免疫增强剂,来研究其对鲫免疫活性的诱导作用。用裙带菜凝集素对鲫(Camssius auratus)进行投喂和灌喂,9d后测定鲫血清的血凝活性、溶菌酶(LSZ)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性与对照组相比都有提高。其中投喂裙带菜凝集素组比投喂对照组依次提高2.0倍,3.1倍,1.2倍,1.7倍;灌喂裙带菜凝集素组比灌喂对照组依次提高4.0倍,3.2倍,1.9倍,1.6倍。这说明凝集素对免疫系统的功能,提高血凝活力、溶菌酶、过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶活力都有重要作用。由此可以看出来:凝集素可以作为一种免疫增强剂激活鲫的免疫系统,对鲫的非特异性免疫功能具有明显的增强作用。 相似文献
12.
Protective effect of sodium alginates against bacterial infection in common carp, Cyprinus carpio L.
Abstract. A hot-water extract of Undaria pinnatifida was found to contain polysaccharide(s) which showed immunostimulating activity in fish. In order to identify the effective component(s), the hot-water extract was fractionated and acid-soluble (Fraction I) and acid-insoluble (Fraction II) polysaccharides were evaluated for their potential to enhance protection against Edwardsiella tarda infection in common carp. Intraperitoneal injection of Fraction II in carp 6 and 3 days prior to challenge with E. tarda resulted in a significantly greater survival rate than that of control fish at doses of 10–30mgkg-1 . On the other hand, Fraction I was not effective at any dose. Chemical and physicochemical analyses revealed that Fraction II was sodium alginate with a high degree of purity, with a molecular weight of 45000 and an M/G ratio of 0.8. Some commercial alginates were similarly evaluated for their efficacy. Alginates from Macrocystis pyrifera (MW, 146000-264000; M/G ratio, 0.9–1.0) significantly increased survival rate, but alginates from Lessonia nigrescens (MW, 177000–290000; M/G ratio, 1.3) had little effect. There are indications that the efficacy (protective effect) of alginates has some relationship to their M/G ratios. 相似文献
13.
ABSTRACT: As part of our study of the isolation of antihypertensive agents derived from natural marine products, the bioactivity of 10 edible Korean seaweeds were screened by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory and peroxynitrite assays. Among the crude extracts of selected seaweeds, including five Phaeophyta ( Ecklonia stolonifera , E. cava , Pelvetia siliquosa , Hizikia fusiforme , and Undaria pinnatifida ), four Rhodophyta ( Gigartina tenella , Gelidium amansii , Chondria crassicaulis , and Porphyra tenera ) and one Chlorophyta ( Capsosiphon fulvescens ), the ethanol extracts of E. stolonifera , E. cava , P. siliquosa , U. pinnatifida , and G. tenella exhibited significant inhibitory properties against ACE at more than 50% inhibition at a concentration of 163.93 µg/mL. Phloroglucinol 1 , eckstolonol 2 , eckol 3 , phlorofucofuroeckol A 4 , and dieckol 5 had been isolated previously, and triphlorethol-A 6 and fucosterol 7 were isolated for the first time from E. stolonifera. Also, the ACE inhibitory and peroxynitrite scavenging properties of phlorotannins 1–6 were evaluated, along with fucosterol 7 obtained from E. stolonifera . Among profound peroxynitrite scavenging compounds 1–6 , phlorotannins 3 , 4 and 5 were also determined to manifest marked inhibitory activity against ACE, with 50% inhibition concentration (IC50 ) values of 70.82 ± 0.25, 12.74 ± 0.15, and 34.25 ± 3.56 µM, respectively. 相似文献
14.
镉在海藻中的化学形态 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用化学试剂逐步提取法研究了紫菜、海带、裙带菜和羊栖菜中镉的存在化学形态。研究结果表明:镉以多种化学形态存在于4种海藻中,1 mol/L氯化钠提取态镉和 2% 醋酸提取态的镉所占比例较大,两者约占总镉含量的76.3%～92.9%。0.6 mol/L盐酸提取态、去离子水提取态和80%乙醇提取态镉所占比例较小,其中乙醇提取态(离子态镉)约仅占总镉含量的0.4%～9.2%,且对于4种海藻,紫菜中的离子态镉所占比例最低(均小于1%)。实验进一步证实以海藻中总镉含量作为检测标准不能准确反映海藻及其制品的食用安全性,因此亟需建立海藻中针对毒性较强的离子态镉的检测标准限量和快速有效的检测方法,以保障我国海藻产业和出口创汇经济的顺利发展。 相似文献
15.
本文分析了硫酸酯多糖的立体结构、分子量和硫酸基等因素对其生物活性的影响;比较了硫酸酯多糖的热水浸提、酶法、超声波提取等几种提取方法的提取率,并从抗凝血活性、抗病毒活性、抗肿瘤活性、抗氧化活性、降血糖和降血脂作用等几个方面综述了硫酸酯多糖所具有的生物活性,提出了硫酸酯多糖向海洋生物药源方面开发应用的展望。 相似文献
16.
裙带菜和萱藻凝集素对刺参组织主要免疫酶活性的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
研究刺参基础饲料中添加不同剂量裙带菜凝集素和萱藻凝集素对刺参酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、溶菌酶(LSZ)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响。在基础饲料中分别添加0.58%、1.16%、2.32%裙带菜凝集素(质量分数);0.32%、0.64%、1.28%萱藻凝集素,以基础饲料饲组为对照,于投喂后第4、8、13、17天检测ACP、AKP、LSZ、CAT活性。结果显示,投喂17 d内,各实验组ACP活性随时间和剂量增加持续升高,ACP活性均高于对照组;LSZ活性则随时间延长持续升高,但萱藻凝集素各组活性在第17天有所下降,且LSZ活性与凝集素添加量成正比关系;裙带菜凝集素组CAT活性呈升高趋势,萱藻凝集素组呈先高后低规律变化。 相似文献
17.
介绍了裙带菜水池常温育苗的全套技术特别是核心技术，即高温条件下黑暗处理配子体，利用对虾育苗池的大水体减水温波动，幼苗生长后，大大增强光照（７０００Ｌｘ）以上，结果：１９９１年，裙带菜苗最大附着密度１ｃｍ育苗器３００株以上，一般１００株以上。 相似文献
18.
海带多糖清除氧自由基的活性及机理 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过比较不同分子量和化学组成的海带硫酸多糖和褐藻胶的清除氧自由基的活性,探讨了海带多糖清除氧自由基活性的构效关系和作用机理。研究发现,分子量为6~15 ku、糖醛酸含量20.4%的低硫组分F-A2清除自由基活性羟基自由基和超氧阴离子自由基活性高于大分子量的组分F-A和F-B,而高硫低分子量组分清除氧自由基的活性非常低。酶降解得到的低分子量褐藻胶组分清除自由基活性随分子量的降低而升高,明显高于其他硫酸多糖,说明硫酸根对低分子量糖与自由基的反应有阻碍,而多糖中糖醛酸含量越高,清除自由基活性越好。大分子量的海带硫酸多糖经铜离子和H2O2反应产生的羟基自由基氧化降解以后,直接可以得到两个比较集中的低分子量岩藻聚糖硫酸酯Fa2(分子量为7 ku)和Fa1(分子量为1 ku),其化学组成和清除自由基活性的比较说明自由基首先降解糖醛酸含量高的硫酸糖片断,甘露糖、半乳糖和葡萄糖形成的糖苷键很容易被自由基氧化降解,而高硫高岩藻糖部分不易被自由基水解,研究结果说明,海带多糖的抗氧化活性不仅与分子量和硫酸根含量有关,糖醛酸、岩藻糖含量和糖链上中性糖的组成对多糖的清除自由基活性都有影响。 相似文献
19.
Babak Ghaednia Mohammad Reza Mehrabi Maryam Mirbakhsh Vahid Yeganeh Aghil Dashtian Nasab 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(9):1350-1358
Various polysaccharides extract from marine algae to increase the non‐specific immune system in crustacean. In this study, effects of hot‐water extract on total haemocyte count, total plasma protein, Phagocytic activity, bacterial clearance efficiency and bactericidal activity while the shrimp Fenneropenaeus indicus (10.12±2.18 g) were immersed in seawater (40 g L?1 and 25±0.8 °C) containing hot‐water extract of brown algae Padina boergesenii at 100, 300 and 500 mg L?1 for 1–4 h, were investigated. These parameters increased significantly (P<0.05) when the shrimp were immersed in seawater containing hot‐water extract at 100 mg L?1 after 3 h and 300 and 500 mg L?1 after 2 h. Fenneropenaeus indicus that were immersed in hot‐water extract at 300 and 500 mg L?1 had significantly increased phagocytic activity and increased clearance efficiency to Vibrio harveyi after 2 h. But bactericidal activity increased after 1 h immersed in 500 mg L?1 concentration. 相似文献
20.
以海带(Laminaria japonica)为原料,采用阴离子交换和自由基氧化降解反应制备了不同分子量和硫酸根含量的岩藻聚糖硫酸酯,然后以血浆复钙时间(RT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT)为指标,研究海带岩藻聚糖硫酸酯抗凝血活性的构效关系.结果表明,采用离子交换,可从海带糖提取物中分离出低硫大分子组分F-A和高硫大分子组分F-B.粗糖经自由基氧化降解,可得到分子量为1.5 kD和8.0 kD左右的低分子组分,实验重复性好,产物分子量集中,其中分子量8.0 kD左右的低分子组分硫酸根含量最高.抗凝血实验表明,岩藻聚糖硫酸酯能显著延长RT、APTT和TT,尤以高硫组分大分子F-B抗凝血效果最好,而对PT影响不大,说明岩藻聚糖硫酸酯对外源凝血系统影响很小,它的抗凝血活性主要是通过内源性凝血途径来实现的.岩藻聚糖硫酸酯分子量对抗凝血活性的影响要比硫酸根含量的影响更大,其抗凝血活性随着分子量的降低而显著降低.对于分子量相近的岩藻聚糖硫酸脂,硫酸根含量越高,则抗凝血活性越高.总之,岩藻聚糖硫酸酯分子量和硫酸根含量越高,其抗凝活性越高. 相似文献