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1.
彭泽鲫的分子遗传分析及其与方正银鲫A系的比较 总被引：16，自引：2，他引：16
Genetic homogeneity between Pengze crucian carp and strain A of silver crucian carp was studied by using transferrin,isozyme and RAPD markers.The studied individuals of Pengze crucian carp showed transferring patterns were the same of silver crucian carp A strain while distinct from those of other crucian carp populations.As far as isozyme is concerned,the MDH,LDH and EST are all of the same with only slight differences in SOD between them.The RPAD patterns clearly indicated high homogeneity among 16 individuals (6 sampled from individuals of two years old and the others aged one) from crucian carp of Pengze and 5 individuals from strain A of silver crucain carp.Nearly indentical banding patterns were observed among all individuals.Average genetic distance within all the individuals is only 0.011,suggesting crucian carp of Pengze might possess indentical genetic background with strain A of silver crucian carp. 相似文献
2.
Jiang Ying-jun 《齐鲁渔业》2014,(10):I0001-I0001
Simulated water system was applied to investigate the filtration rate, feed intake rate and absorptivity of the scallop whose feed was Phaeodactylum tricornutum, compound feed and faeces, respectively. The absorptivity of the mentioned feeds was 73.78±2.30（%）,63.42±1.23（%）and 67.79±0.64（%）, respectively, and the results indicated that the scallop can utilize the organic waste effectively and reasonable polycuture of fish and shellfish can ease the environment pollution. 相似文献
3.
动植物蛋白源替代鱼粉研究进展 总被引：37，自引：5，他引：37
With the fast development of aquaculture, fish meal needs increased in recent years, however the quantity of fish catching decreases gradually. Fishmeal is a limited feed resource, and serious concem exists on the future availability of this feedstuff for incorporation in fish diets. Undoubtedly, fish meal is well recognized as the best dietary protein source for most marine carnivorous fishes which required high dietary protein levels compared to omnivorous or herbivorous fish. Fishmeal is known for their high content of essential amino acids and fatty acids, low carbohydrates, high digestibility, low levels of anti-nutritional factors (for fresh fish meal) and is a very good source of minerals and is highly palatable. Thus fish meal is in high demand as the protein source for many formulated diets. However, production of fish meal consumes approximately 35 % of the total global fish catch, and the increasing price and potentially unstable supply in the market could be limiting factors for marine fish culture. There have been strong efforts to define and develop cost-effective protein sources that can, at least partly, substitute for expensive high-quality fish meals in least-cost feed formulations. The search for fish meal substitutes and altemative dietary protein sources is an international research priority that could be of considerable economic advantages. Therefore it is urgent task to find animal and plant protein sources in place of fish meal. Among these, plant feedstuffs have received most attention in recent years, but due to their amino acid unbalances, .presence of anti-nutritional factors and low palatability, a high level of replacement of fish meal with plant feedstuffs in omnivorous fish is generally not well accepted. This paper reviews the research status for other protein sources replacing fish meal based on available information in the literature. Animal and plant protein sources nutrient values are evaluated from the aspect of digestibility, antinutrients, physiological status and suitable supplementation. 相似文献
4.
丁鱥雌核发育鱼的异源精子诱导及其与亲本的RAPD比较分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Gynogenesis is thought to be a useful method to generate fully inbred line and to initiate monosex culture in teleost fish. This article presents results of a study of gynogenesis of tench, Tinca tinca L. from Eltrix River of Xinjiang, China, induced by the common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) sperm inactivated with UV irradiation. When cold shocking method was used to prevent exmasion of the second polar body in order to produce gynogenetic diploids, the optimum treated parameters were screened as cold shocking for 20min at 4℃, 5min after insemination. On this condition, 10.23% of the treated eggs survived at feeding stage. A comparative study between the gynogenesis and their parents was made by RAPD technique. 82 random primers of 10 nucleotide long sequence were used in RAPD analysis. The results showed that each primer gives 3- 12 fragments for each sample with the fragment length 330 - 2 460 bp, and the genetic similarity between gynogenesis and their mother was 97.4 %, while the genetic similarity between gynogenesis and their father was 27.4%, and there were no bands only shared by gynogenesis and their father, the common carp. It revealed that the chromosome of their father, the common carp, did not penetrate into the construction of gynogenetic tench. 相似文献
5.
水产养殖动物基因组研究的现状及其应用前景 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The genomic resources from human and several model organisms have been increased very fast since 1990. The techniques for developing genomic resources have already been very advanced and smart. These could make scientists see and improve organism in genomic level. For Chinese aquaculture scientists and aquatic industry, developing genomic resources and genetic tools for the native species are most important in the genomic era. The genomic resources and genetic tools for several aquatic species have been developed and some of them have been used in the marker based selection and other researches. The genome research work on aquaculture species was reviewed in this paper, especially a USDA genome project was focused. Some functional genomic research for aquatic animal was also discussed here. The importance and necessity of China aquaculture species genome project were discussed. Common carp and other cultured fishes in Cyprinidae such as grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp etc were recommended as the candidate species for genome research, because the output of all carps is almost up to 1/3 of total fisheries output in China. Common carp with another virtue for genome research is that there are much more families and strains in common carp than those in other cultured species in China, and those families and strains are the basis for genome research and mapping quantitative trait loci associated with important economic trait. Although the first linkage map of common carp made by Sun needs to be added with more markers for mapping QTL and Type I markers ,it has laid the groundwork for QTL mapping and markerassisted selection in common carp. Because the model organism zebrafish and common carp, grass carp and other carps cultured in China all belong to Cyprinidae, the China carp genome research will obtain a lot of useful information from zebrafish genome research. How the China carp genome program will be conducted and what kinds of strategy involved in this program were all suggested. How the results of the genome research of aquaculture species will be used in the aquaculture industry was reviewed and analyzed here. 相似文献
6.
For the purpose of improving water quality, biorotator is loaded with plenty of perforated plastie balls of which inner and outer appearances can adhere with biomenbrane, thus ‘having area increased about one time as with the same makes without the balls and water purifying rate over 80% while compared with the same sized biorotating disk. A long-term experiment has shown that the biorotator is well adaptable for fish farming, resulting in high yield per unit water area and low feed coefficient. Additionally, by means of biorotator the economic efficieney is 2.5-3 times higher than that without bloratator. 相似文献
7.
Physico-chemical properties of FGF8 in Ctenopharyngodon idellus were analyzed by bioinformatics. The full - length grass carp FGF8 pro-polypeptide of 210 amino acids including 40 basic amino acids and 16 acidic amino acids. The signal peptide sequence is MRLIPSRLSYLFLHLFAFCYYA, and its cleavage site is located between Ala22 and Gln23. Grass carp FGF8 protein is a secreted protein since the typical character of secreted protein is that its N-domain contains a signal peptide. There are two N-glycosylation in the sites of Asn37 and Asn136, respectively, which were Asn-Phe-Thr and Asn-Tyr-Thr. The molecular weight （Mw） of grass carp FGF8 protein is 24.68 kDa. Its isoelectnic point （pl） is 10.93. The protein contains four main secondary structures： α-helix, β- sheet, β-turn and random coil. 相似文献
8.
The growth and reproduction of Daphnia magna fed with Microcystis viridis and Chlorella spp respectively and 20% fish oil + 80% yeast and yeast were studied. The intrinsic rate of natural increase of Daphnia magna (rm) was 0.243 fed with Microcystis viridis, 0.301 with Chlorella spp., 0.244 with 20% fish oil + 80% yeast and 0.193 with yeast. The result showed that：Daphnia magna fed with Microcystis viridis had lower growth rates than that fed with Chlorella spp. an
d 20% fish oil + 80% yeast which both had full fatty acids. And the Daphnia magna fed with yeast was the lowest. So the fatty acids composition
of diet may affect the growth of Daphnia magna. This paper further examined total lipids and main HUFA (EPA and DHA) compositions of the continuous three generations of Daphnia magna (in order to get rid of t
he effects of former diet) fed with different of above diets (except the yeast). The result showed that:the three generations of the D. magna fed with Microcystis viridis had the lowest total lipids and the percentages of the HUFA (EPA, and no DHA) have a significant decrease and get the lowest EPA in the final experiment because of the very low HUFA especially EPA and DHA in Microcystis viridis. So the results indicate that Microcystis viridis with low HUFA made the lower growth rate, spawn
ing rate and hatching rate of Daphnia magna. 相似文献
9.
Shunsuke Moriyama Kiyoko Yamaguchi Tomomi Takasawa Hiroaki Chiba Hiroshi Kawauchi 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2006,32(3):189-201
In an attempt to understand growth regulation in the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica, we cloned insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) cDNAs and examined their mRNA expression in several tissues. Two eel IGF-I (eIGF-I) cDNAs encoding preprohormones, eIGF-I-Ea1and eIGF-I-Ea2, were cloned from the liver by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The preproIGF-Is were identical in signal peptide and mature IGF-I, but different in the E domain—eIGF-I-Ea2 mRNA was 36 bp longer than eIGF-I-Ea1 mRNA. Eel IGF-I was 83–94% identical with that of teleosts, 71% identical with that of dogfish, 87% identical with that of bullfrog and chicken, and 83% identical with that of humans. In both males and females the highest eIGF-I-Ea1 mRNA levels were observed in the liver, with detectable levels also found in the gills, heart, stomach, spleen, kidney, intestine, swim-bladder, muscle, and gonads. eIGF-I-Ea1 mRNA levels in the liver were higher in females than in males whereas in the intestine they were lower than in males. eIGF-I-Ea2 mRNA was detected in all the tissues examined and at similar levels in males and females. In this experiment higher eIGF-I-Ea1 mRNA levels were observed in the liver of larger glass eels than in those of smaller fish. eIGF-I-Ea2 mRNA levels were also higher in larger eels, although they were lower than IGF-I-Ea1 mRNA levels. Both eIGF-I mRNA levels in liver were positively correlated with the body size of the␣glass eels. Intraperitoneal injection of recombinant eel GH (reGH), 0.25 μg g−1 body weight, into glass eels resulted in a significant increase in both eIGF-I mRNAs in the liver 1 day after injection compared with control fish, but no elevation was observed 2 days after injection. Incubation of liver slices with reGH at concentrations of 10, 100, and 1,000 ng mL−1 for 24 h resulted in a significant concentration-dependent increase in the levels of both eIGF-I mRNAs. Higher levels of eIGF-I-Ea1 and Ea2 mRNA were observed in the gills ofseawater-reared eels than in those of freshwater-reared fish, but no differenceswere observed in the whole kidney. These results suggest that IGF-I is involved in the regulation of somatic growth and also in adaptation of the Japanese eel to seawater. 相似文献
10.
Based on the Rice Fish Concurrent living theory and pond aquaculture high yield technology, combining Rice Fish Concurrent Farming technique in the model of pit pond aquaculture and the Rice Fish in turn Farming technique in the model of field pond aquaculture, the high quality and yield ecological technique model of early rice fish concurrent farming and late complete aquaculture in paddy field was established, which contain one submodel of fingerlings farming to juvenile and another submodel of juvenile fish farming to adult fish. The model demonstration base covering 20 hm2 paddy field was established in Songyang village, Gechuan town, Liancheng county of Fujian province. Production results showed： Early rice harvest average yield increased 22% very significantly （P 〈 0. 01 ） in both submodels, and 453 kg juvenile fish was produced per 667 m2 paddy field implementing the submodel of fingerlings farming to juvenile fish, whose production value and profit were 5 182￥ and 1 662 ￥ RMB, respectively, and were very significantly increased 2.5 times and 3.7 times （P 〈 0.01 ） respectively than planting only two harvests paddy without aquacuhure; 710 kg adult fish was produced per 667 m2 paddy field implementing the suhmodel of juvenile fish farming to adult fish, whose production value and profit were 6 428￥ and 2 005 ￥ RMB, respectively, and were very significantly increased 3.2 times and 4.7 times （P 〈 0. 01 ） respectively than planting only two harvests paddy without aquaculture; There were good economic, social and ecological benefit. 相似文献
11.
池塘和稻田养殖模式对金边鲤和建鲤肌肉品质的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
分析了稻田和池塘养殖模式下金边鲤和建鲤肌肉营养成分、理化特性和质构特性,并进行营养价值评价,评估金边鲤的肌肉品质,为开发和推广金边鲤稻田养殖提供数据依据。结果显示,稻田金边鲤的粗脂肪、粗灰分和系水力均显著高于池塘金边鲤;稻田建鲤和池塘建鲤的基本营养成分除水分外差异均不显著;稻田金边鲤肌肉的硬度、弹性、咀嚼性显著高于池塘建鲤和稻田建鲤,硬度和恢复性显著高于池塘金边鲤,而内聚性显著低于池塘金边鲤、池塘建鲤和稻田建鲤;测定的17种氨基酸中,4组鱼肉的Lys含量均高于WHO/FAO标准和鸡蛋蛋白标准,稻田金边鲤的∑TAA、∑EAA、∑DAA和∑NEAA均高于池塘建鲤和稻田建鲤,且EAA/TAA比值更接近FAO/WHO要求的40%的标准;稻田和池塘金边鲤的EAAI均超过100分,高于稻田和池塘建鲤(82.31～83.36分);测定出的24种脂肪酸中,稻田金边鲤的∑SFA、∑MUFA和DHA+LA+油酸总量均高于其他3组。研究表明,金边鲤和建鲤鱼肉可作为人体优质的赖氨酸源,稻田金边鲤肌肉比建鲤和池塘金边鲤肌肉更富有嚼劲,其肌肉必需氨基酸、不饱和脂肪酸及高度不饱和脂肪酸含量更高,且组成比例更符合人体需求。稻田养殖金边鲤的肌肉品质优势明显,具有较高的产业开发潜力。 相似文献
12.
This study was designed to determine the dietary lysine requirement of juvenile Jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. Jian). A total of 990 juvenile Jian carps (initial weight 7.89 ± 0.04 g) were randomly allocated six groups of each three replicates, feeding isonitrogenous (320 g kg?1 crude protein) and isolipidic (50 g kg?1 crude fat) diets containing graded levels of coated l ‐lysine, with dietary lysine content ranging from 22 to 69 g kg?1 of protein, respectively, for 80 days. Final weight, protein deposition and protein production value were significantly improved in response to the increasing levels of dietary lysine up to 59 g kg?1 of protein and remained nearly constant thereafter. Whole‐body protein content followed a similar pattern as growth parameters in relation to dietary lysine level. Hepatopancreas and intestine protein content, hepatopancreas index (HSI) and intestine index (ISI) were positively affected by dietary lysine level. The dietary lysine requirement of juvenile Jian carp estimated by broken line analysis based on weight gain was 59 g kg?1 of protein. 相似文献
13.
In a 80-day feeding trial, a total of 1050 juvenile Jian carp ( Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) with an average initial weight of 10.71 ± 0.05 g were fed semi-purified diets containing seven graded levels of pyridoxine (0.20, 1.71, 3.23, 4.96, 6.32, 8.58 and 12.39 mg pyridoxine kg−1 diet). Results indicated that with increasing dietary pyridoxine levels up to 4.96 mg kg−1 diet, percent weight gain (PWG) and specific growth rate (SGR) were improved, and no differences were found with further increase of pyridoxine levels. Feed intake also followed the similar pattern to that observed with PWG and SGR when dietary pyridoxine levels were ≤6.32 mg kg−1 diet. But feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio were not affected by pyridoxine levels. Crude protein of carcass, productive protein value and plasma ammonia concentration were improved with increasing dietary pyridoxine levels up to 4.96 mg kg−1 diet. Amylase activities in the intestine were improved with increasing dietary pyridoxine levels up to 4.96 mg kg−1 diet, but protease and lipase activities in the intestine were not affected by pyridoxine levels. Na+ , K+ -ATPase and Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activities in proximal intestine, mid intestine (MI) and distal intestine (DI) were lowest when fed the diet containing 1.71 mg pyridoxine kg−1 diet. The alkaline phosphatase activities in MI and DI followed the same pattern. The dietary pyridoxine requirement of juvenile Jian carp based on PWG estimated by broken line model was 6.07 mg pyridoxine kg−1 diet. 相似文献
14.
为了更加了解草鱼B淋巴细胞吞噬活性,本研究采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRTPCR)检测了IgM在胚胎发育中的表达量,并且检测了IgM在不同组织中的分布以及细菌刺激下IgM的转录情况。结果显示,IgM在卵裂期到出膜前期的表达量变化不明显,在出膜后开始显著增加;IgM在检测的组织中均有分布,在头肾中表达量最高,并且其表达量在不同细菌的刺激下均显著上调。从草鱼外周血中分离纯化得到B淋巴细胞,并通过吉姆萨染色、qRT-PCR和间接免疫荧光进行了验证。细菌吞噬实验结果显示,B淋巴细胞对嗜水气单胞菌具有一定的吞噬能力,并随孵育时间增加而逐渐增强。细菌刺激B淋巴细胞后活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)和一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)释放量显著上升;血清调理实验结果显示,通过血清调理可以显著促进B淋巴细胞ROS的释放,然而对NO的释放水平没有显著影响。研究表明,草鱼B淋巴细胞对细菌具有一定的吞噬能力,并且可以通过呼吸爆发等非特异性免疫的方式直接参与抗菌免疫。 相似文献
15.
K. HU W. HE L. FENG J. JIANG Y. LIU W.‐D. JIANG S.‐H. LI X.‐Q. ZHOU 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2011,17(2):e226-e232
To investigate the effects of dietary pyridoxine (PN) on antioxidant status of fish in serum, intestine and trunk kidney, 1050 juvenile Jian carp (11.7 ± 0.1 g) were used for the experiment. The carp were divided into seven groups and fed diets containing graded levels of PN (0.20, 1.71, 3.23, 4.96, 6.32, 8.58 and 12.39 mg kg?1 of diet) for 80 days. Results of the study showed that content of malondialdehyde in serum, intestine and kidney tissues was the highest when fed the diet containing 1.71 mg PN kg?1 diet (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the protein carbonyl content of intestine and kidney tissue showed a downward trend to a point (P < 0.05). Conversely, activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), glutathione S‐transferase, glutathione reductase and glutathione (GSH) content in serum, intestine and kidney tissue were generally higher in PN‐supplemented diets than unsupplemented diet (P < 0.05). The present results indicated that the PN decreased lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in fish, and partly because of its improved antioxidant enzymes activities and levels of GSH. 相似文献
17.
为了初步阐明草鱼哺乳动物STE20样蛋白激酶2基因(mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 2, mst2)在机体免疫中的作用机制,实验采用RNA-Seq技术对干扰mst2后经脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)应激的草鱼肾细胞系(Ctenopharyngodon idella kidney cell lines,CIK)进行了转录组测序与验证分析。测序原始数据经De novo拼接与组装后共获得22 374个独立功能基因(unigenes),其中已知功能基因为21 199个,预测的新基因为1 175个。干扰mst2后经LPS应激的unigenes表达差异分析表明,对照组与实验组之间共存在38个差异基因(differentially expressed genes,DEGs),其中上调基因16个,下调基因22个。利用实时荧光定量PCR技术(quantitative real-time PCR, qRT-PCR)对38个DEGs的RNASeq结果进行验证,结果显示,qRT-PCR和RNA-Seq分析一致,说明RNA-Seq分析结果可靠。采用RNA干扰技术干扰mst2后经LPS处理,CIK细胞转录组中DEGs参与免疫代谢的途径主要有MAPK信号通路、内吞作用途径、自噬途径和细胞因子受体相互作用途径。凋亡相关基因检测结果显示,干扰mst2并经LPS处理后,促凋亡基因(fas、bad1、bad2、caspase-3、caspase-8和caspase-9)转录水平上调,抗凋亡基因(bcl2)转录水平下调,证明干扰mst2后经LPS处理会诱发细胞发生凋亡。综上所述,mst2可通过调控凋亡相关过程参与机体免疫反应。本研究结果初步阐明了草鱼mst2参与机体免疫应答的分子机理,可为草鱼细菌性疾病防控提供一定的基础理论参考。 相似文献
18.
L. TANG G.-X. WANG J. JIANG L. FENG L. YANG S.-H. LI S.-Y. KUANG & X.-Q. ZHOU 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2009,15(5):477-483
An 8-week feeding experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary methionine supplementation on intestinal microflora and humoral immune of juvenile Jian carp (initial weight of 9.9 ± 0.0 g) reared in indoor flow-through and aerated aquaria. Eight amino acid test diets (350 g kg−1 crude protein, CP), using fish meal, soybean-condensed protein and gelatin as intact protein sources supplemented with crystalline amino acids, were formulated to contain graded levels of methionine (0.6–22.0%) at a constant dietary cystine level of 3 g kg−1 . Each diet was randomly assigned to three aquaria. Growth performance and feed utilization were significantly influenced by the dietary methionine levels ( P < 0.05). Maximum weight gain, feed intake occurred at 12 g kg−1 dietary methionine ( P < 0.05). Methionine supplementation improved hepatopancreas and intestine weight, hepatosomatic and intestine index, intestinal γ-glutamyltransferase and creatine kinase activity, Lactobacillus count, Bacillus count, lysozyme activities, lectin potency, sim-immunoglobulin M content, addiment C3,C4 contents and serum total iron-binding capacity and declined Escherichia coli and Aeromonas counts. Quadratic regression analysis of weight gain against dietary methionine levels indicated that the optimal dietary methionine requirement for maximum growth of juvenile Jian carp is 12 g kg−1 of the dry diet in the presence of 3 g kg−1 cystine. 相似文献
19.
为深入研究胰蛋白酶在鱼类中的生理功能和作用机制,利用生物信息学的方法,成功获得了鲤3种胰凝乳蛋白酶原cDNA序列(ccTRP1、ccTRP2和ccTRP3)并对其进行了序列分析。结果表明,三者均含有一个长度为729bp的开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF),编码由242个氨基酸组成的胰蛋白酶原,其中包括15个氨基酸组成的信号肽和5个氨基酸(LDDDK)组成的激活肽。总平均亲水性GRAVY(grand average of hydropathicity)分析表明,三者均是亲水性蛋白。氨基酸比对结果显示,三者具备胰蛋白酶原的保守结构特征,如含有催化三联体氨基酸(His-57、Asp-102和Ser-195),12个半胱氨酸,位于底物结合口袋底部Asp-189和口袋开口处的Gly-216、Gly-226等。同时,鲤3种胰蛋白酶之间具有90%以上的同源性。进化树结果显示,鲤3种胰蛋白酶均属于Group I(阴离子型胰蛋白酶),且三者的进化距离不一致。 相似文献
20.
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary pyridoxine on disease resistance, immune responses and intestinal microflora of fish. A total of 1050 Jian carp (11.71 ± 0.05 g) were randomly distributed into seven groups, feeding diets containing graded levels of pyridoxine (0.2, 1.7, 3.2, 5.0, 6.3, 8.6 and 12.4 mg kg?1 diet). After 80 days of feeding, a challenge trial was conducted by injection of Aeromonas hydrophila for 17 days. Results indicated that with increasing dietary pyridoxine concentration up to 5.0 mg kg?1 diet, survival rate after challenge with A.hydrophila and phagocytic activity of leukocyte were improved (P < 0.05), and plateaued thereafter (P > 0.05). Red blood cell and white blood cell counts were lowest when fed the diet containing 1.7 mg pyridoxine kg?1 diet. Haemagglutination titre, lysozyme activity, acid phosphatase activity, total iron‐binding capacity, antibody titre and immunoglobulin M content followed the similar pattern to that observed with survival rate. Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus counts in intestine were not affected by dietary pyridoxine concentration (P > 0.05). These results suggested that pyridoxine could enhance immune response of fish. 相似文献