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1.
美洲黑石斑鱼营养成分分析与营养价值评价 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
In this experiment, the contents of the main nutrients such as protein, fat, moisture, ash, calcium and phosphorus were analysed, and the contents of the trace elements, amino acids and fatty acids in its muscle were determined for Centropristis striata. Moreover, its nutritional value was evaluated and compared with other fishes,livestocks and poultries. The results showed that the content of dry matter and protein are higher in its muscle. Then, all of 17 common amino acids（AA） contents in muscle was 17.51% in the fresh sample, and 7 of them are human essential amino acids（EAA）41.58% in the total amino acids（TAA）. The ratio of essential amino acids to nonessential amino acids（EAA/NEAA） was 84.46% ,and the essential amino acids index（EAAI） was 57.71. According to AAS and CS,which basically accorded with the issued standard value by FAO and WHO. The content of 5 delicious amino acids was 44.37% in the TAA, and the ratio of branched chain amino acids to aromatic amino acids was 2.83. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids was 22.3% rich in its muscle also, in particular EPA and DHA. In conclusion, Centropristis striata is a species of delicious and high nutritional value,which well deserves exploitation and utilization. At the same time, this experiment was preparing for the next study to provide reference data for artificial feed and the expansion of aquaculture. 相似文献
2.
饥饿胁迫对鲤肠道与肝脏蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of starvation on digestive enzymes activity of the carp （Cyprinus carpio） at the water temperature 18 -20℃ in the cycle and flow water aquarium. The experiment was designed for four groups with three replication,which were 0 day（control） , 10 days, 20 days, 30days group. The results showed That there was a trend to drop first and keep stabilization for Cyprinus carpio body weight and Meat Content with the prolongatin of starvation, and that Effect of starvation stress on the the activity of protease in intestine and hepatopancreas of Cyprinus carpio was significant, with the prolongatin of starvation, there was a trend to increase then drop for the activity of protease in fore-gut, mid-gut hind-gut and hepatopancreas of Cyprinus carpio. And that the variatin for activityof amylase in fore-gut was significant butthat of the others was no significant. 相似文献
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In order to investigate the difference in utilization of diets with different quality in Jian carp（Cyprinus carpio var. Jian）and allogynogenetic silver curcian carp(Carassius auratus gibelio), a 55 d growth trial was conducted and low quality diet (LQ-diet) and high quality diet (HQ diet) were tested. LQ-diet contained 33.91% dietary protein which is mainly from soybean meal while HQ-diet contained 45.59% dietary protein which is mainly from fish meal. The initial average body weights were from 5.58 g to 5.82 g for two fish strains. The trial was carried out in a system consisting of 12 self circulation 320 L tanks. During the experiment, the fish were fed to satiation twice a day (at 9: 00 and 15:00), and uneaten feed was collected 1 h after feeding and dried. Feces were collected twice a day (at 11:00 and 16:45) from the fecal traps and dried at 70 ℃. The results show that feed intake was higher in Jian carp than in allogynogenetic silver curcian carp when fed LQ diet, while there was no significant difference between weight gain, feed conversion efficiency, protein efficiency rate and apparent digestibility. When fed HQ diet, Jian carp showed a lower feed intake, but higher feed conversion efficiency and protein efficiency rate than allogynogenetic silver curcian carp while there was no significant difference in the weight gain and apparent digestibility of both species. For Jian carp, feed intake and protein efficiency rate for the fish fed HQ diet and LQ diet were not significantly different, while the fish fed HQ diet showed higher weight gain, feed conve
rsion efficiency and apparent digestibility. For allogynogenetic silver curcian carp, the fish fed HQ diet showed significantly higher feed intake, apparent digestibility, weight gain, feed conversion efficiency and lower protein efficiency rate. For Jian carp, body contents of dry matter, protein, lipid and energy for the fish fed HQ diet and LQ diet were significantly higher. For allogynogenetic silver curcian carp, body contents of dry matter and protein was significantly higher, while body contents of lipid and energy were affected by diet qualities. Compared to Jian carp, allogynogenetic silver curcian carp showed better utilization when fed LQ diet while poorer utilization when fed HQ diet. 相似文献
5.
鱼类血液基因组DNA提取方法优化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The genomic DNA extracted from frozen whole blood of rainbow trout with methods of chloroform-potassium acetate, rapid genomic DNA extraction （RGDE） , improved RGDE, traditional phenol-chloroform and DNA reagent kit respectively, and detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. The results showed that mothode of improved RGDE can obtain better genomie DNA of fish. Then, the effect of extracting with improved RGDE methods were compared by ultraviolet spectrophotometric method with other mothods such as traditional phenol-chloroform from blood or muscle and DNA reagent kit from blood. The results showed that the average concentration of DNA extracted with method improved RGDE was 1 050 ng/μL, and was very significant higher than that by DNA kit or by phenol- chloroform, and the average output of DNA was 1 575μg/mL, and the rate of A260/A280 was between 1.65 - 1.97. It only spent 2 hours to extract DNA with the method of improved RGDE, and there were many obvious merits such as quick speed, low cost, no pollution and no using specific installations and so on, and to amplify by random primers, the rusuhs was stable,and the electrophoresis banding was clear. 相似文献
6.
大菱鲆胚胎的玻璃化冷冻保存 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Vitrification solutions were examined for their suitability of cryopreservation of turbot (Seophthulnms maximus) embryos. PMPI gave higher survival rate (75.68%) than other vitrification solutions and was considered to be suitable liar the cryopreservation of turbot embryos. The freezing point of the vitrification solutions consisted of PG and MeOH in the proportion of 3:2 was measured when the vitrification solutions were cryopreserved. It showed that the vitrification solutions with a cryoprotectant concentration of over 41% have no freezing point and the freezing points of vitrification solutions containing 33.33%-40% cryprotectants were between -32.4℃ and -65.4℃, The freezing point decreased with the increase of cryoprotectant concentration. The resistance of turbot embryos at different stages to the cryoprotectants was studied, It was found that the turbot embryos from 4-5 pairs somite to tail bud were more resistant to cryoprotectants and suitable to vitrify. A live embryo was obtained after cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen for 14h and was hatched out。 相似文献
7.
《齐鲁渔业》2014,(11):I0001-I0001
Added bagasse and Bacillus sp. to Litopenaeus vannamei intensive culture tank, the treatment groups were treatment A（added Bacillus sp.）, treatment B（added Bacillus sp. with crushing bagasse） and treatment C（added Bacillus sp. with crushing-steaming bagasse） respectively. To estimate the effect of addition of bagasse with Bacillus sp. on the culture environment and shrimp growth, the level of total ammonia nitrogen（TAN）, nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, total amount of bacteria in the water and shrimp growth were determined. The result suggested that the TAN concentration in treatment B and C were significantly lower than that in treatment A during the early stage of the culture（P〈0.05）. The addition of bagasse with Bacillus sp. was contribute to the formation of bio-floccules. The concentration of bio-floccules in treatment B and Cwere 6.3-20 ml/L and 8.3-30 ml/L respectively, which were significantly higher than that in treatment A（2.7-8.3 ml/L） during the culture（P〈0.05）.The average weight of shrimp in treatment B and C were 8.56±0.21g and 8.84±0.26g respectively, which were significantly bigger than that in treatment A（7.66±0.40g） when harvest（P〈0.05）. 相似文献
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海湾扇贝个体间单向人工授精的分子生物学验证 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Hybrid family of Argopecten irradians irradians was created by fertilization between two northern bay scallop individuals. Two families were analyzed in this study. The first family, Pa-Pb, is a pair mating between two scallops named Pa and Pb, while the second one crossed by individuals of Y1 and P0. Marker inheritance and segregation were studied in the 10 progenies of each family by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. 102 RAPD primers were first screened by parental animals of both families. Only the primers with polymorphisms between the two parental animals in each family were select
ed for further analysis. In both families, parents and 10 progeny were nalyzed
with selected primers. In family Pa-Pb, a total of 122 bands generated from 12 selected primers. 37 of them were polymorphic between two parents. The maternal Pa of this family had 17 molecular markers while paternal Pb had 20 markers. In Y1-P0，95 bands were produced by 10 selected primers. 32 bands were polymorphic between maternal Y1 and paternal P0, who had 17 and 15 molecular markers respectively. In both families, each progeny analyzed in this study had at least 8 maternal markers and 5 paternal markers. Based on segregation patterns at all markers analyzed, we concluded that none of the progeny analyzed were from self-fertilization, and oneway hybridization between two individuals was successful in both of the two bay scallop families. 相似文献
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贵州方竹水库浮游生物多样性与氮、磷含分布 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
As it＇s revealed in the investigation data, significant differences of N, P concentration, as well as, the component and amount of plankton were absorved mong the upper, the middle and the downstream of Fangzhu reservoir. Upstream was seriously polluted, a obvious trait, namely artificial fertilization, was absorved in the middlestream,while, compared with the Water Environment Evaluation Criteria,the water quality of the downstream was located class IU, inferior conditions were detected also. This reservoir had exhibited a high Self-purification Capacity, compared with the upstream, the concentration of TN, TP, as well as the eutrophication index of N, P in the downstream were declined 19.74% and 68.81% ,3 and 19, respectively,while the biomasses of phytoplankton and zooplankton were tremendously increased 1 984. 4 and 10.6 times,respectively, as long as the phytoplankton diversity index, evenness index and dominance index,0.32,0.16 and 0.01 increases were observed, separately. In sum, the TP eutrophication appraisal index was extremely higher than that of TP in Fangzhu reservoir. 相似文献
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Tilapia larvae were exposed to 0 (control), 50 (50-Cd) or 100 (100-Cd) μg l-1 cadmium for 4 days and then transferred to cadmium-free fresh water for 3 days of detoxification. Total length and weight,
calcium influx and total body calcium and cadmium content were examined at various times during detoxification. All the groups
grew normally with regards to total length and body weight. Within the first 12h of detoxification the 50- and 100-Cd exposed
groups released cadmium at the similar rate of about 24 ng mg-1 h-1 (or 140 ng larva-1 h-1). Later, however, this rate declined to only 4–16% of the initial level. Calcium influx in the control group showed a 10–26%
increase during the detoxification period. Calcium influx in the 50-Cd group increased by about 280% and reached it peak at
12h. Calcium influx in the 100-Cd group increased by 440% and did not peak until 24h after transfer. After peaking, the influxes
in both 50- and 100-Cd groups declined to the level of control at the end of the experiment. Calcium contents in 50- and 100-Cd
groups increased more rapidly than that in control group within first 24h of the detoxification period. However the rate of
increase in calcium content in three groups was the same after 24h. The changes in calcium influx appeared to be correlated
with those in calcium content, and these suggested that tilapia larvae regulate the mechanism of calcium balance to compensate
for the reduced calcium level in the body.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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为探究不同剂量的有机磷农药辛硫磷在24、48、72和96 h染毒后对鲫(Carassius auratus gibebio)肝微粒体中CYP3A酶活性、mRNA及蛋白表达的影响,采用半静态染毒法,设置辛硫磷空白对照组低、中、高浓度组(0.0825、0.165、0.330 mg/L),以红霉素-N-脱甲基酶(ERND)活性反映CYP3A酶活性,最后采用实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot法分别测定CYP3A-mRNA及蛋白的表达量。结果显示:辛硫磷能抑制CYP3A的酶活性并且下调CYP3A-mRNA的表达,72 h和96 h后,各浓度组中的mRNA的表达量相较对照组降低了50%以上。辛硫磷染毒后的CYP3A蛋白的表达量在各时间段中都呈现显著的剂量效应关系,在低、中浓度组间存在时间效应关系。结果表明,辛硫磷能作为一种抑制剂降低鲫肝脏中CYP3A酶活性、mRNA及蛋白表达量,其对蛋白表达抑制的剂量效应和时间效应影响更显著。 相似文献
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以罗非鱼脑组织为材料,研究了乙酰胆碱酯酶的分离纯化方法、性质及杀虫剂对酶的抑制作用。结果表明,当脑组织的TritonX-100抽提物采用(NH4)2SO4分级盐析、Sephadex G-100凝胶过滤和DEAE-纤维素DE23离子交换柱层析的分离纯化步骤后,可获得纯化的乙酰胆碱酯酶,酶的比活力达到20.628U.mg-1, 纯化倍数139,回收率22.1%。酶作用最适温度为35～40℃,最适pH为7.5～8.0,对碘化硫代乙酰胆碱的Km值为0.183mmol.L-1,有过量底物抑制现象,最佳底物浓度为6mmol.L-1。被测4种农药中,有机磷类杀虫剂对罗非鱼脑AChE的抑制能力高于氨基甲酸酯类,抑制能力分别为：敌敌畏 > 辛硫磷 > 三唑磷 > 灭多威, 4种杀虫剂对罗非鱼脑AChE的I50值均小于5μg.mL-1。 相似文献
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为探讨三十烷醇对铜藻生长的影响,本研究采用不同浓度(0、0.1、 0.5、1.0 和2.0 mg/L)的三十烷醇连续施用20 d,或用三十烷醇浸泡处理24 h后,再恢复正常条件培养20 d,分别测定了铜藻的生长、生理生化指标(光合色素、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖)以及岩藻黄素含量的变化情况。结果显示,连续施用5 d时,各组藻体的比生长速率(RGR)、叶绿素a(Chl.a)、类胡罗卜素(Car)、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖的含量均显著高于对照组;15 d时,2.0 mg/L浓度组的铜藻生长受到抑制,各项生理指标均显著下降;20 d时,除了0.1 mg/L浓度组的铜藻生长仍有促进外,其他3个较高浓度的施用组均受到不同程度的抑制,且三十烷醇的浓度越高,抑制作用越明显。经三十烷醇浸泡处理的藻体恢复正常条件培养5 d时,各组藻体的RGR、Chl-a、Car、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖的含量均显著上升;10 d时,0.5和1.0 mg/L浓度组的铜藻生长速率仍显著高于对照组,但15 d时已与对照组无显著差异,且综合各项生理生化指标,1.0 mg/L组的促进作用最为明显,这种促生长的作用能持续到处理后10 d左右。岩藻黄素的含量除连续施用2.0 mg/L组在实验20 d时低于对照组外,其余各实验组在培养20 d内均显著高于对照组,其中1.0 mg/L三十烷醇浸泡处理24 h恢复培养10 d,可使岩藻黄素的含量提高79.5%。研究表明,连续施用低浓度的三十烷醇(0.1 mg/L) 20 d或以1.0 mg/L三十烷醇每10 d浸泡处理24 h,对铜藻的生长和岩藻黄素的积累有显著的促进作用。 相似文献
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饲料蛋白水平对星斑川鲽幼鱼生长、体组成及血浆生化指标的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
以鱼粉为蛋白源,配制5个不同蛋白质水平(34.85%,40.48%,46.54%,51.54%,56.69%)的等能饲料.以初始体质量为(54.52±0.23)g的星斑川鲽(Platichthys stellatus)为实验对象,在室内循环水养殖系统中进行54 d的摄食生长实验,研究饲料蛋白水平对星斑川鲽幼鱼生长、体组成及血浆生化指标的影响.结果显示:(1)增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)随着饲料蛋白水平的增加而上升,51.54%和56.69%饲料组之间差异不显著(P>0.05),其余各组差异显著(P<0.05);51.54%饲料组的蛋白质效率(PER)显著高于其他各组(P<0.05);51.54%饲料组的蛋白质沉积率(PRE)也显著高于34.85%、46.54%和56.69%组(P<0.05),但与40.48%饲料组差异不显著(P>0.05).以增重率为参考指标,折线回归分析结果表明,星斑川鲽幼鱼获得最佳增重时对饲料中蛋白质的需要量为53.56%.(2)饲料不同蛋白水平对星斑川鲽幼鱼鱼体灰分含量没有显著影响,但显著影响了鱼体粗蛋白、粗脂肪和水分的含量(P<0.05).51.54%饲料组鱼体粗蛋白含量最高,显著高于34.85%组(P<0.05),而与40.48%、46.54%和56.69%组之间无显著差异(P>0.05);鱼体粗脂肪含量随着饲料蛋白水平的升高而下降,水分含量表现出与粗脂肪含量相反的趋势.(3)饲料蛋白含量对星斑川鲽幼鱼部分血浆生化指标也产生了显著性的影响.血浆总蛋白(TP)以51.54%组最高,与56.69%组差异不显著(P>0.05),,但显著高于34.85%、40.48%和46.54%组(P<0.05);40.48%、51.54%和56.69%组间血浆尿素氮(BUN)含量差异不显著(P>0.05),但显著低于34.85%和46.54%组(P<0.05).综合以上结果,星斑川鲽饲料中蛋白质适宜添加量为51.54%～53.56%. 相似文献
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水体营养水平及附着藻类对苦草生长的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为研究不同水体营养水平及附着藻类对沉水植物生长的影响,选择苦草(Vallisneria natans)作为研究对象,在4种水体营养水平下进行42 d的室内试验。结果表明:试验结束时,中营养及富营养处理组苦草的相对生长率、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量和附着藻类生物量与贫营养及重富营养处理组具有显著性差异(P<0.05);贫营养处理组苦草的可溶性糖含量显著高于其它处理组(P<0.05);苦草氮磷含量及可溶性蛋白含量与水体营养水平呈明显正相关,且贫营养及中营养处理组与富营养及重富营养处理组之间差异显著(P<0.05);各处理组水体叶绿素a含量差异不明显。表明在中营养(TN=0.8 mg/L,TP=0.08 mg/L)条件下,苦草的生长情况最佳。 相似文献
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在水温(23±1)℃下,研究辛硫磷、敌百虫和甲苯咪唑等3种常用水产杀虫剂对大型溞的急性毒性。结果表明,敌百虫对大型溞24h和48h的半致死质量浓度分别为70.13μg/L和22.96μg/L,安全质量浓度为0.74μg/L;辛硫磷对大型溞24h和48h的半致死质量浓度分别为0.93μg/L和0.24μg/L,安全质量浓度为0.0048μg/L;甲苯咪唑对大型溞24h和48h的半致死质量浓度分别为104.31μg/L和27.56μg/L,安全质量浓度为0.58μg/L。3种杀虫剂对大型溞的毒性:辛硫磷敌百虫甲苯咪唑,均属于剧毒,在水产养殖过程中应谨慎使用。 相似文献
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采用实验生态学方法研究了不同质量浓度Hg~(2+)和Pb~(2+)胁迫对脆江蓠(Gracilaria chouae)生长及光合生理的影响。实验设置Hg~(2+)质量浓度为0.01 mg/L、0.025 mg/L、0.05 mg/L、0.1 mg/L、0.25 mg/L和0.5 mg/L,Pb~(2+)质量浓度为0.05 mg/L、0.1 mg/L、0.5 mg/L、1 mg/L、2 mg/L和4 mg/L,以未添加重金属的实验组为对照,持续培养7 d,分别测定不同处理藻体的生长速率、光合放氧速率、光合色素含量、叶绿素荧光和光合碳代谢途径中关键酶活等生理生化指标。结果表明,在Hg~(2+)胁迫下,藻体特定生长率(SGR)显著下降(P0.05),质量浓度达到0.5 mg/L时藻体出现负增长;光合放氧速率降低35.48%~77.59%;叶绿素a、类胡萝卜素含量显著下降(P0.05),Hg~(2+)质量浓度高于0.1 mg/L时藻体藻蓝蛋白和藻红蛋白含量显著降低(P0.05);最大光合效率(F_v/F_m)和实际光合效率(Y(Ⅱ))随着Hg~(2+)浓度增加先降低后升高,0.05 mg/L时出现第二个峰值,丙酮酸磷酸双激酶(PPDK)也出现相似趋势。藻体对Pb~(2+)的敏感程度低于Hg~(2+),Pb~(2+)质量浓度为0.5 mg/L时,光合产氧速率显著下降(P0.05),质量浓度到达1 mg/L时,藻体SGR和叶绿素a、类胡萝卜素出现显著下降(P0.05),而叶绿素荧光参数和藻蓝蛋白含量则无显著性差异;Pb~(2+)质量浓度达到4 mg/L时1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶(RuBiSCO)出现显著下降(P0.05),PPDK酶活性则显著上升(P0.05)。实验结果证实:重金属Hg~(2+)和Pb~(2+)胁迫对脆江蓠的生长和光合作用都有不利影响,藻体对Hg~(2+)胁迫的敏感度要高于Pb~(2+),Hg~(2+)质量浓度为0.01 mg/L时,藻体出现胁迫,并随着浓度的增加而加剧,Pb~(2+)质量浓度超过1 mg/L时,藻体胁迫明显。 相似文献