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草莓灰霉病发生危害及防治研究初报 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
草莓灰霉病是草莓病害中最严重的病害，带菌植株、病田土是该病的初侵染源。发病盛期为浆果成熟期。高温多雨的气候发病严重，栽植密度与发病呈显著正相关，偏施氮肥有利于发病，钾肥对发病有一定的抑制作用。农业防治主要针对发病规律控制病源，抑制发病因子；应用药剂扑海因、速克灵防治草莓灰霉病，防效达８０．６％以上，且药效稳定。采用综合防治平均防效在９４．０％以上 相似文献
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宝应县安宜镇10多年来推广了大棚栽培草莓的反季节种植模式，常年种植面积6．7hm^2，200个钢架大棚。从种植情况来看，草莓反季节栽培的效益是显著的．667m^2产草莓2500kg，纯效益达8000元。由于连年种植。草莓白粉病逐年加重，已成为常发性病害。草莓发生白粉病后．一般减收20％-30％，重的达50％以上，甚至绝收，严重影响草莓的产量和品质，因此自粉病的防治工作一直是农民头痛的一大难题。从2002年开始笔者对该病的发生规律及综合防治技术进行了调查和探讨研究。现分析总结如下： 相似文献
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草莓白粉病(Sphaerotheramacularis)是草莓上的重要病害。该病在草莓整个生育期都可发病,主要侵染草莓的枝、叶,花、果实,严重影响了浆果的产量和品质,从而降低其经济效益。2001年我们安排了30%醚菌酯可湿性粉剂(Kresoxim-methyl)防治草莓白粉病田间药效试验,取得了较好的防治效果。现将试验结果总结如下:1试验条件1.1作物品种及试验对象供试作物为秋栽(10月份)草莓,品种墨13。1.2环境条件试验设在泰安市组配中心试验场(泰安市岱岳区省庄);试验地为塑料棚日光温室,土质为壤土,pH值7.1;草莓白粉病常年都有发生,未经过人工接种,靠自然发病;… 相似文献
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大棚草莓白粉病及其防治 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
大棚栽培草莓在象山县已有十余年历史 ,常年种植面积约 333 3ｈｍ2 ,由于连年种植 ,草莓白粉病逐年加重 ,已成为常发性病害。草莓发生白粉病后 ,一般减收 2 0 %～ 30 % ,重的达 50 %以上 ,甚至绝收 ,严重影响草莓的产量和品质。我们从 1997年开始对该病的发生规律及综合防治技术进行了调查研究 ,引进新的三唑类杀菌剂进行试用 ,积累了一些经验 ,初步总结如下。1 发病特点与消长规律草莓白粉病的病原为Ｓｐｈａｅｒｏｔｈｅｃａａｐｈａｎｉｓ(Ｗａｌｌｒ)Ｂｒａｕｎ ,称羽衣草单囊壳菌 ,属子囊菌亚门真菌。该病为低温高湿型病害 ,发生频率… 相似文献
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福寿螺配偶个体大小选择性初步观察 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过野外观察与实验研究,掌握了福寿螺的婚配体制及其配偶选择性规律。福寿螺与多数低等动物一样,其婚配属于乱交制,无固定配偶;雌螺对与其交配的雄螺个体大小没有选择性,而雄螺对雌螺的个体大小有选择性,倾向于与较大个的雌螺交配。 相似文献
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Christopher D. Keating Lindy M. Holden-Dye Robert J. Walker 《Pest management science》1996,46(3):263-266
The neuropeptide AF2 has a complex set of actions on the dorsal muscle strip of Ascaris suum, including a potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. Caffeine at 100 μm and 5 mm inhibited this potentiation, as did 100 μm theophylline in two out of six studies. The cyclic-AMP-potentiating compounds IBMX, dibutyryl cAMP and forskolin had no effect on the AF2-induced potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. These preliminary data suggest that the potentiating action of AF2 is not mediated by a cAMP pathway. 相似文献
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E. LIMPERT B. C. CLIFFORD A. DREISEITL R. JOHNSON K. MÜLLER A. ROELFS C. WELLINGS 《EPPO Bulletin》1994,24(1):109-112
A variety of systems of designation has evolved to name pathotypes of plant pathogens. The systems were evaluated to determine those best suited for particular purposes. Virulence and avirulence/virulence formulae of pathotypes have advantage over the use of consecutive numbers or letters given in chronological order of pathotype discovery. As soon as pathotype information exceeds a certain level of complexity, mathematical codes are most advantageous, in particular two codes, octal notation and coded triplets. A more universal adoption of the most appropriate codes is recommended to ease communication and comparisons of results. 相似文献
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F.M. Ashton O.T. de Villiers R.K. Glenn W.B. Duke 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1977,7(2):122-141
Time- and concentration-course studies were conducted to determine the effect of thirteen herbicides on photosynthesis, respiration, RNA synthesis, protein synthesis, and lipid synthesis using isolated single leaf cells. Each herbicide was from a different chemical class. Appropriate 14C-substrates and product purification procedures were used for each process prior to liquid scintillation counting. The most sensitive metabolic site of inhibition was photosynthesis for atrazine, bromacil, dichlobenil, monuron, and paraquat; RNA synthesis for dalapon and dinoseb; protein synthesis for chlorpropham; and lipid synthesis for CDAA, chloramben, 2,4-D, EPTC, and trifluralin. However, with several herbicides, one or more process was almost as sensitive as the one mentioned above. All herbicides inhibited more than one process, and the most sensitive site of inhibition may not be the same process that was inhibited the greatest at the maximum concentration and maximum exposure time used. Therefore, a concept of metabolic sites of action, rather than a primary site of action, appears to be more meaningful for herbicides. 相似文献
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Effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on efficacy and duration of control of Fusarium wilt of tomato 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on the control of fusarium wilt of tomato were investigated. Application of P. oxalicum to tomato seedlings in seedbeds reduced disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in a growth chamber by 45–49% and in glasshouse experiments by 22–69%. Disease suppression was maintained for 60–100 days after inoculation with the pathogen in the glasshouse. No disease reduction was observed in tomato plants where P. oxalicum was applied to seeds. Treatment with P. oxalicum did not affect the population of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in the rhizosphere. 相似文献
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为了研究青稞种子外部和内部携带真菌情况,比较不同杀菌剂对青稞种子的带菌消毒效果和对幼苗生长的影响,为青稞种子播前包衣处理和种传真菌病害防控提供依据,采用离体平皿法对云南迪庆‘云青1号’、‘云青2号’和‘短白青稞’3个主栽品种进行带菌检测,并对种子进行拌种或浸种处理测定6种杀菌剂对种子消毒效果,分析杀菌剂对种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:供试青稞种子表面携带的优势菌群为青霉(Penicilliumspp.)、镰刀菌(Fusariumspp.);种子内部寄藏的真菌主要为镰刀菌、核腔菌(Pyrenophoraspp.)、附球菌(Epicoccumspp.)、丝核菌(Rhizoctoniaspp.)、链格孢(Alternariaspp.)和木霉(Trichoderma spp.)。青稞不同品种的种子表面及内部携带的真菌种类差异较大。致病性测定表明,镰刀菌对种子萌发和幼苗生长影响最大,后期出现幼苗坏死现象。45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP对青稞种子携带真菌均有显著抑制作用和消毒效果,50%福美双WP消毒效果最优,达100%;45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP处理对青稞种子发芽和幼苗生长均无显著影响。 相似文献
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棉花黄萎病菌致病型的AFLP分析 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
选用41个棉花黄萎病菌(Verticillium dahliae)代表菌系,在温室条件下,对4个棉花品种鄂荆1号(感)、中棉所12(耐)、文-5(抗)和唐棉2号(抗)进行致病性测定,结果可将供试菌系分为落叶型与非落叶型2类。选取8对AFLP引物PCR扩增的结果中,统计带型稳定、清晰且有多态性的条带,共169条作系统聚类分析,将上述菌系分为2大类,第一类为非落叶型菌系,包括10个非落叶型菌系和1个过渡菌系;第二类为30个落叶型菌系。根据聚类分析建立树状图,发现菌系与地理来源存在一定的相关性,而依据菌系致病力强弱分类则相关关系不大。选用25对EcoRⅠ和MseⅠ引物组合,对供试的41个V.dahliae进行AFLP扩增,筛选到2对引物E64(GACTGCGTACCAATTCGAC)、M53(GATGAGTCCTGAGTAACCG)和E49(GACTGCGTACCAATTCCAG)、M65(GAT-GAGTCCTGAGTAAGAG),能分别扩增出433bp和110bp2条仅为V.dahliae非落叶型菌系独有的特异片段,可将落叶型与非落叶型菌系分开,这2条特异片段被命名为EM433和EM110。 相似文献