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1.
肉仔鸡体外消化模拟技术评定不同剂量植酸酶作用效果的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对肉仔鸡体外消化模拟技术评定不同剂量植酸酶在玉米-豆粕日粮中作用效果的可行性进行了检验.在体外条件下,分别测定了添加与不添加植酸酶的6种玉米-豆粕日粮磷体外消化率和无机磷释放量.结果表明：磷体外消化率和无机磷释放量随植酸酶添加水平的增加而增加（P＜0.01）,添加不同剂量的植酸酶日粮,磷体外消化率和无机磷释放量与肉仔鸡日增重、采食量、回肠磷消化率、胫骨灰分和磷的沉积以及胫骨灰分中磷的含量等指标均存在强相关（R^2=0.971,0.990,0.962,0.903,0.866,0.986和R^2=0.970,0.987,0.976,0.898,0.859,0.984）.利用肉仔鸡体外消化模拟技术,可以评定和预测玉米-豆粕日粮中添加不同剂量植酸酶对肉仔鸡生产性能和磷利用的影响. 相似文献
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在使用30%鱼粉的基础上,分别添加27%豆粕、24%花生粕、24%棉粕、31%菜粕,以一高鱼粉组(含鱼粉46%)和商品饲料作参照,挑选初均重约(0.61±0.02)g凡纳滨对虾,在室内养殖系统中饲养8周后,比较和探讨4种植物蛋白对凡纳滨对虾肌肉必需氨基酸组成和沉积率的影响,结果显示:①9种必需氨基酸中,除了苯丙氨酸和缬氨酸含量在各试验组间无显著差异以外(P>0.05),其余均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。其中,花生粕组、豆粕组肌肉必需氨基酸总量低于鱼粉组,而高于商品饲料,但是差异均不显著(P>0.05);棉粕组和菜粕组显著低于鱼粉组(P<0.05),与商品饲料无显著差异(P>0.05)。②各试验组9种必需氨基酸沉积率存在显著差异;总氨基酸沉积率由高到低依次是鱼粉组、花生粕组、豆粕组、商品饲料、棉粕组和菜粕组;花生粕组、豆粕组同鱼粉组和商品饲料无显著差异(P>0.05),而棉粕组和菜粕组显著低于鱼粉组和商品饲料(P<0.05)。③饲料和肌肉9种必需氨基酸相关性系数分别为商品饲料组0.95、鱼粉组0.92、豆粕组0.94、花生粕组0.96、棉粕组0.97、菜粕组0.89,均为极显著的正相关关系(P<0.01)。 相似文献
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生长猪植酸酶的磷当量研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文旨在研究饲粮中添加植酸酶对植酸磷利用的影响,确定生长猪的植酸酶磷当量。本试验采用单因素试验设计,以NaH2PO4.2H2O提供外源无机磷,同时添加植酸酶,设计1个低磷基础日粮、4个加磷日粮和3个加酶日粮,分别提供0.4、0.8、1.2、1.6g/kg的有效磷或500、750、1000FTU/kg植酸酶。选择96头体重22kg左右的杜长大三元杂交猪,随机等分到8个处理中。通过回归分析,建立响应指标(猪趾骨折断强度和趾骨灰分磷含量)与外源磷添加量之间的线性关系,进而确定植酸酶的磷当量值。结果表明:(1)随外源磷和植酸酶水平的提高,试验猪生产性能明显改善(P<0.05),趾骨灰分磷含量和血磷水平都极显著地升高(P<0.01);(2)无机磷添加水平与响应指标之间存在较强线性关系:y=10.79x 27.23(x-添加磷(g/kg),y-趾骨强度(kg),R2=0.92);y=1.44x 6.86(x-添加磷(g/kg),y-灰分磷(%),R2=0.99);(3)植酸酶的磷当量值与日粮中植酸酶和无机磷水平密切相关,同时也受相应指标种类的影响。本试验条件下,500、750、1000FTU/kg植酸酶分别可替代1kg玉米-豆粕日粮中0.09g、0.44g和0.72g(折断强度)或0.23g、0.58g、1.06g(灰分磷)无机磷。 相似文献
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植酸酶提高肉鸡生长性能和磷利用率的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本研究在不同类型和有效磷水平日粮中添加植酸酶对肉用仔鸡进行生长性能和磷利用效果评定，结果表明：①不同有效磷水平日粮加植酸酶（２００～４００Ｐｕ／ｋｇ）均明显提高体增重、饲料利用率，在玉米—糠麸—菜、豆粕日粮中加植酸酶的反应受日粮有效磷水平的影响，低磷日粮加植酸酶有较大的应答；②肉鸡生长性能的改善与磷、钙、锌利用增高相关，饲喂添加植酸酶日粮的肉鸡血清磷、胫骨灰分、磷、钙、锌含量提高，植酸磷、总磷、钙的表观利用率增加；③添加植酸酶，玉米—豆粕型日粮对肉鸡增重和饲料效率未见明显改善，而玉米—糠麸—棉、豆粕型日粮对肉鸡生长性能有提高趋势；④含较高植酸磷的肉鸡日粮中添加植酸酶可减少或不添加无机磷酸盐 相似文献
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植酸酶和磷酸氢钙对育肥猪生长性能和养分消化率的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用体重75 kg的长白×大约克二元杂交阉公猪56头,随机分为4个处理,分别饲喂常磷日粮、低磷日粮、常磷加植酸酶日粮和低磷加植酸酶日粮。每个处理14个重复,每个重复1头,研究杂粕型日粮添加植酸酶(750 U/kg)和不添加磷酸氢钙对育肥猪的生产性能和养分消化率的影响。结果表明:低磷组比常磷组的采食量降低了5.04%(P<0.05),料重比增加了17.94%(P<0.01),日增重降低了19.80%(P<0.01),单位增重饲料成本增加了17.20%(P<0.01),磷表观消化率降低了10.16%(P<0.01),钙表观消化率降低了8.56%(P<0.05),粗蛋白表观消化率无显著变化(P>0.05);常磷加酶组比常磷组的采食量增加了2.97%(P>0.05),料重比增加了3.53%(P>0.05),日增重降低了1.70%(P>0.05),单位增重饲料成本增加了4.12%(P>0.05),磷表观消化率降低了3.46%(P>0.05),钙表观消化率降低了4.40%(P>0.05),粗蛋白表观消化率无显著变化(P>0.05);低磷加酶组比低磷组的采食量增加了7.50%(P<0.01),料重比降低了13.47%(P<0.01),日增重增加了24.30%(P<0.01),单位增重饲料成本降低了13.60%(P<0.01),磷表观消化率提高了42.09%(P<0.01),钙表观消化率提高了11.18%(P<0.01),粗蛋白表观消化率无显著变化(P>0.05);低磷加酶组(即无磷酸氢钙日粮加酶组)与常磷组相比采食量、日增重、料重比和单位增重饲料成本均差异不显著(P>0.05),磷表观消化率提高了27.66%(P<0.05),钙表观消化率提高了1.68%(P>0.05),粗蛋白表观消化率无显著变化(P>0.05)。结论:低磷日粮添加植酸酶可以提高猪生长性能,提高钙磷表观消化率,但对粗蛋白表观消化率无显著影响;常磷日粮添加植酸酶对猪的生长性能和养分表观消化率均无显著影响;不添加磷酸氢钙会降低猪的生长性能和钙磷的表观消化率。 相似文献
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《当代畜牧》2007,(9)
采用完全随机设计,将72头体重相近、遗传基础相似的35日龄断奶的杜×长×大三元杂交仔猪分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复6头猪。试验在相同钙水平基础上设4个处理组,分别为:①玉米豆粕基础日粮(对照组);②基础日粮+1000IU/kg植酸酶(处理1);③基础日粮+1000IU/kg植酸酶+800mg/kg锌(处理2);④基础日粮+1000IU/kg植酸酶+1600mg/kg锌(处理3)。添加植酸酶组平均日增重(ADG)、饲料转化率(G:F),钙、磷消化率和骨骼灰分最高。添加植酸酶基础上添加锌平均日增重(ADG)、饲料转化率(G:F)、磷消化率和腓骨灰分降低(P<0.05)。植酸酶释放磷的效率与锌水平呈负相关。结果表明,锌与植酸盐螯合成复合物,降低了植酸酶对植酸盐的水解率。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究不同蛋白原料对绵羊瘤胃体外发酵参数和氨基酸含量的影响。试验采用体外发酵法，以豆粕、棉仁粕、花生粕、菜籽饼、干酒糟及其可溶物（DDGS）和玉米胚芽饼为发酵底物，测定产气量、消化率、瘤胃液发酵参数、挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）及氨基酸含量。结果显示，杂粕各组的48 h产气量（GP）显著低于豆粕组（P<0.05）。玉米胚芽饼组的粗蛋白（CP）降解率显著高于豆粕组（P<0.05），棉仁粕、花生粕、菜粕、DDGS组显著低于豆粕组（P<0.05）。棉仁粕、菜粕组的氨态氮（NH3-N）含量显著高于豆粕组（P<0.05），棉仁粕组乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、异丁酸、异戊酸、总挥发性脂肪酸含量和乙丙比显著高于豆粕组（P<0.05），菜粕组的乙丙比显著高于豆粕组（P<0.05），玉米胚芽饼组的戊酸含量显著高于豆粕组（P<0.05）。花生粕、菜粕、DDGS组总脂肪酸含量显著高于豆粕组（P<0.05），棉仁粕组亮氨酸（Leu）、赖氨酸（Lys）、蛋氨酸（Met）、精氨酸（Arg）、谷氨酸（Glu）含量显著高于豆粕组（P<0.05），花生粕、菜粕、DDGS组的苏... 相似文献
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文章旨在研究低磷、低钙水平日粮添加植酸酶、柠檬酸和碳水化合物酶对1~21 d肉鸡生长性能及养分消化率的影响。试验选择1日龄肉仔鸡576只,随机分为6组,每组4个重复,每个重复24只鸡。试验共分为6种日粮,阳性对照组日粮(正常钙磷水平)、阴性对照日粮(低磷、低钙)、阴性对照日粮+600 IU/kg植酸酶,阴性对照日粮+600 IU/kg植酸酶+5 g/kg柠檬酸,阴性对照日粮+600 IU/kg植酸酶+500 mg/kg复合碳水化合物酶,阴性对照日粮+600 IU/kg植酸酶+5 g/kg柠檬酸+500 mg/kg复合碳水化合物酶。试验共开展21 d。结果显示:阳性对照组肉鸡日增重和采食量显著高于阴性对照组(P<0.05);植酸酶组添加碳水化合物酶较单独添加植酸酶组显著提高了肉鸡的日增重(P<0.05);植酸酶+碳水化合物酶较阴性对照组显著改善了料肉比(P<0.05)。阳性对照组较阴性对照组显著提高肉鸡胫骨灰分含量(P<0.05);植酸酶组显著提高了总磷、有效磷和植酸磷的回肠表观消化率(P<0.05),同时植酸酶组添加柠檬酸或碳水化合物酶进一步提高了总磷和植酸磷的回肠表观消化率(P<0.05)。阴性对照组添加植酸酶显著提高了表观代谢能及干物质、总能、氮和总磷的表观沉积量(P<0.05),而植酸酶组添加碳水化合物酶提高了干物质和总磷表观沉积量(P<0.05)。结论:在本试验条件下,低磷、低钙水平日粮添加植酸酶和碳水化合物酶改善了肉鸡生长性能、提高了营养物质的消化率和沉积量,而植酸酶日粮添加柠檬酸可以改善营养物质消化率和沉积量。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究饲料不同钙、磷添加水平对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)幼虾的生长性能、体成分、组织钙和磷水平和血清指标的影响。采用双因素试验设计,在钙添加水平为0、0.50%、1.00%的条件下,分别添加0、0.40%、0.80%、1.20%、1.60%的磷,配制15种不同钙和磷水平的试验饲料。将1 800尾初始重为(0.38±0.01)g的对虾随机分为15组,每组投喂1种试验饲料,每组3重复,每重复40尾虾。养殖8周。结果表明:1)饲料钙添加水平及钙添加水平与磷添加水平的交互作用极显著影响对虾的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、蛋白质效率(PER)和饲料系数(FCR)(P<0.01);饲料磷添加水平极显著影响对虾的WGR、SGR、PER、FCR和存活率(SR)(P<0.01)。2)饲料钙添加水平极显著影响对虾的肌肉粗蛋白质(CP)、粗脂肪(CL)、粗灰分(Ash)的含量(P<0.01),显著影响对虾的全虾CL、Ash的含量(P<0.05);饲料磷添加水平极显著影响对虾全虾CP、CL含量,肌肉CP、CL、Ash含量(P<0.01);饲料钙添加水平与磷添加水平的交互作用极显著影响对虾全虾CL含量,肌肉CP、CL、Ash含量(P<0.01)。3)饲料钙添加水平和磷添加水平及二者的交互作用极显著影响对虾的全虾、肌肉、虾壳的钙和磷水平(P<0.01)。4)饲料钙添加水平极显著影响对虾的血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、酚氧化酶(PO)活性,钙离子(Ca2+)含量(P<0.01);饲料磷添加水平极显著的影响对虾血清ALP、PO的活性,胆固醇(CHOL)、甘油三酯(TG)、无机磷(IP)的含量(P<0.01),显著影响对虾血清Ca2+的含量(P<0.05);饲料钙添加水平与磷水平的交互作用极显著影响对虾的血清ALP活性,Ca2+、IP的含量(P<0.01),显著影响对虾血清TG含量(P<0.05)。在本试验条件下,以SGR为判断依据,通过二次回归曲线模型分析得出凡纳滨对虾幼虾饲料中钙和磷的适宜添加水平分别为1.00%和1.26%。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
19.
乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
20.
Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献