共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 828 毫秒
1.
番鸭新病——花肝病的研究：Ⅰ．分离毒的致病必及感染途径试验 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
番鸭花肝的是近年流行的一种新的番鸭疫病，其特征性病变是死亡番鸭的肝、脾、小肠等部位出现灰白色的坏死点，本文自广东省主要疫区分离到几株病毒，这些病毒在番鸭胚上可继代繁殖，其胚液可使番鸭妇病。不同途径感染试验表明该病毒通过肌肉注射、爪垫部注射、口服，同居感染均可使番鸭发病和死亡，并具有典型病变，分离毒不能使半番鸭，本地鸭，鸡发病。 相似文献
2.
Various organs of goslings and Muscovy duck chickens were investigated by electron microscopy, with the negative contrast technique being used in a routine diagnosis programme. Investigations were extended over several years and were, more specifically, applied to 1,148 samples obtained from 525 goslings and 429 samples which had been collected from 139 Muscovy duck chickens. Viruses were directly detected in 132 or 76 samples. Parvoviruses were predominant in geese and Muscovy ducks and accounted for 83.3 or 94.7%. Rotaviruses, reoviruses, and adenoviruses were sporadically diagnosed. Most of all positive findings were recorded from intestinal matter, liver, and heart. Parvovirus-related diseases were practically removed from among goslings, owing to efficient immunoprophylaxis on all larger goose units. Small privately owned flocks were found to play a role as pathogen reservoirs for both goslings and Muscovy ducks. 相似文献
3.
番鸭细小病毒与鸭圆环病毒二重PCR方法的建立 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据基因库中鸭圆环病毒和番鸭细小病毒的基因序列,分别设计了两对特异性引物,通过对二重PCR扩增条件的优化,研究建立了可同时鉴别检测鸭圆环病毒和番鸭细小病毒的二重PCR方法。用该方法对同一样品中鸭圆环病毒和番鸭细小病毒的模板进行PCR扩增,结果均得到了与实验设计相符的351bp（鸭圆环病毒）和474bp（番鸭细小病毒）的扩增条带,而对鸭Ⅰ型肝炎病毒、鹅细小病毒、鸭副黏病毒、鸭瘟病毒和禽流感病毒等病原体的检测全为阴性。敏感性测定结果表明：该二重PCR技术最低能检出100fg的鸭圆环病毒和番鸭细小病毒DNA模板。研究建立的鸭圆环病毒和番鸭细小病毒的二重PCR方法,具有快速、敏感、特异、定量和重复性好等优点,可用于临床上鸭圆环病毒和番鸭细小病毒感染的检测。 相似文献
4.
H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses continue to be a threat to poultry in many regions of the world. Domestic ducks have been recognized as one of the primary factors in the spread of H5N1 HPAI. In this study we examined the pathogenicity of H5N1 HPAI viruses in different species and breeds of domestic ducks and the effect of route of virus inoculation on the outcome of infection. We determined that the pathogenicity of H5N1 HPAI viruses varies between the two common farmed duck species, with Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata) presenting more severe disease than various breeds of Anas platyrhynchos var. domestica ducks including Pekin, Mallard-type, Black Runners, Rouen, and Khaki Campbell ducks. We also found that Pekin and Muscovy ducks inoculated with two H5N1 HPAI viruses of different virulence, given by any one of three routes (intranasal, intracloacal, or intraocular), became infected with the viruses. Regardless of the route of inoculation, the outcome of infection was similar for each species but depended on the virulence of the virus used. Muscovy ducks showed more severe clinical signs and higher mortality than the Pekin ducks. In conclusion, domestic ducks are susceptible to H5N1 HPAI virus infection by different routes of exposure, but the presentation of the disease varied by virus strain and duck species. This information helps support the planning and implementation of H5N1 HPAI surveillance and control measures in countries with large domestic duck populations. 相似文献
5.
研究旨在比较不同羽色及性别番鸭在屠宰性能及肌肉成分上的差别,为选育优良番鸭品种提供依据。试验选取1日龄黑羽番鸭、白羽番鸭及黑白花番鸭公、母共324羽,按羽色、性别分为6个处理,每处理设6个重复,每重复9只鸭,各处理饲喂相同日粮,试验期90d。结果表明：雄性黑羽番鸭屠宰率、全净膛率显著高于雄性白羽及黑白花羽番鸭（P〈0．05）,而雌性黑白花番鸭及白羽番鸭的胸肌率和瘦肉率相近且均显著高于雌性黑羽番鸭（P〈0．05）;各处理番鸭肌肉中汞、镉、砷、铅含量无显著差异（P〉0．05）,且均很微量;各同羽色雄性番鸭肌肉水分、无氮浸出物和粗蛋白质含量均基本略高于其同羽色雌性番鸭,而各处理雌性番鸭肌肉粗脂肪、粗灰分含量则高于其同羽色的雄性番鸭;雄性白羽番鸭和黑白花番鸭肌肉粗蛋白质含量相近且均显著高于雄性黑羽番鸭（P〈0．05）;各同羽色番鸭中基本上肌肉氨基酸含量均以雄性高于雌性,而同性别的番鸭比较,雄性白羽番鸭肌肉中多种氨基酸的含量显著高于雄性黑羽及雄性黑白花羽番鸭（P〉0．05）;同时雌性各羽色番鸭肌肉中多种氨基酸含量呈现出：黑白花番鸭〉黑羽番鸭〉白羽番鸭,但该趋势不显著（P〉0．05）。试验结果表明,雄性黑羽番鸭屠宰性能有一定优势,白羽番鸭肌肉养分和氨基酸含量优势明显。 相似文献
6.
根据GenBank中已经发表的B亚型禽偏肺病毒F基因的保守序列设计并合成1对引物,利用RT—PCR扩增出1条与目的片段大小一致的725bp基因片段,回收、纯化PCR产物,用地高辛标记,制备出地高辛标记的aMPV核酸探针。特异性检测结果表明,该探针能与aMPV核酸发生特异性杂交,而与H9N2亚型AIV、NDV、IBV、ORT和E．coil的核酸杂交反应均为阴性;敏感性检测结果表明,该探针对aMPV的最低检出量为5Pg。应用制备的探针对山东省不同地区的605份商品肉鸡和122份商品肉鸭进行了核酸探针检测,阳性检出率分别为36．59％和34．51％。本试验制备的aMPV地高辛探针特异性强、敏感性好,对样品的检测结果表明山东省部分地区的商品肉鸡、肉鸭中普遍存在aMPV感染。 相似文献
7.
从江苏徐州地区分离到的以引起樱桃谷鸭产蛋下降和死亡为特征的1株病毒,命名为XZ株。对该病毒进行电镜观察、血凝试验、ELD50测定、RT-PCR扩增特异性目的基因、序列比对分析和动物回归试验。结果显示,分离毒株能致死鸭胚和鸡胚,电镜下观察到球形病毒粒子,不具有血凝性,对病料和接毒鸭胚尿囊液进行RT-PCR,均可扩增出基因片段,其核苷酸序列与坦布苏病毒奉贤株的相似性最高,为98.7%,与其他坦布苏病毒的毒株也具较高同源性,为86%~98%。用鸭胚分离毒株接种健康产蛋鸭,能复制出同样的疾病。结果表明分离病毒为鸭黄病毒属的坦布苏病毒。 相似文献
8.
9.
Phuong do Q Dung NT Jørgensen PH Handberg KJ Vinh NT Christensen JP 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,148(2-4):168-174
It is a fact that in Viet Nam, Muscovy ducks are raised in large populations (approximately 8 million), usually kept in small flocks together with mallards and chickens. As a result, it is a great concern for epidemiologists to elucidate possible differences in relation to these species being exposed to infection with H5N1. To do this, an experimental study on infections with different genotypes of H5N1 in mallards and Muscovy ducks have been conducted, where it was found that the mortality of the inoculated Muscovy ducks was at least 80%, regardless of the virus strain employed. In contrast, the mortality of the mallards ranged from nil to 100%, which suggests that Muscovy ducks are more susceptible to HPAIV H5N1 infection in terms of disease development and mortality. It was also found that higher virus titers developed in vital organs of Muscovy ducks compared to mallards, particularly in the brain. Due to their high susceptibility, it is unlikely that Muscovy ducks act as a silent reservoir. The virus strains used in this study, to a certain degree, differed in their virulence properties to the bird species in question. 相似文献
10.
为了解安徽省番鸭细小病毒病的流行情况,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对该省内部分番鸭群进行鹅细小病毒的血清抗体检测,同时对疑似病鸭进行了病原的PCR检测。结果发现,在被检测的44份血清样本中鹅细小病毒血清抗体阳性率高达34.1%;PCR检测结果显示,所检测的样品中,有2份为鹅细小病毒阳性,1份为番鸭细小病毒阳性,且3份被检样品均来自雏番鸭。该研究结果表明,该省番鸭群中存在鹅细小病毒和番鸭细小病毒感染,应采取有效的预防控制措施。 相似文献
11.
12.
白色羽毛半番鸭选育的研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
从正交，反交，轮交和侧交揭示产生半番鸭白色羽毛起主导作用的是家鸭。不同基因型家鸭产生白羽半番鸭频率是不同的，同一品种母家鸭个体间产生白羽半番鸭亦不同，母爱鸭生产白羽率高的个体，用不同公番鸭交配，其Ｆ１白率仍然是高的，估测ｈ＾２为０．６６３８。经５个世代亲本选择，半番鸭白羽率达９３．４９％，１０周龄活重２７８６克。 相似文献
13.
14.
本研究根据GenBank中鸭新城疫病毒(NDV)的F基因和鸭圆环病毒(DuCV)的V1/rep基因的保守序列,各设计一对特异性引物,并对二重PCR的扩增条件进行优化,建立了鸭NDV和DuCV的二重PCR检测方法。对混合样品进行扩增,得到2条大小为493bp(鸭NDV)和218bp(DuCV)的特异性条带,与预扩增片段相符。而对番鸭细小病毒、鸭瘟病毒、鸭肝炎病毒、鸭源小鹅瘟病毒、鸭H9亚型流感病毒、鸭疫里氏杆菌、大肠杆菌、禽多杀性巴氏杆菌等病原检测,结果为阴性。该方法的敏感性试验表明,鸭NDV的核酸最小量为40fg,DuCV为20fg。 相似文献
15.
Transmission and immunopathology of the avian influenza virus A/Anhui/1/2013 (H7N9) human isolate in three commonly commercialized avian species 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 B. Vidaña R. Dolz N. Busquets A. Ramis R. Sánchez R. Rivas R. Valle I. Cordón D. Solanes J. Martínez N. Majó 《Zoonoses and public health》2018,65(3):312-321
H7N9 virus infection is a global concern, given that it can cause severe infection and mortality in humans. However, the understanding of H7N9 epidemiology, animal reservoir species and zoonotic risk remains limited. This work evaluates the pathogenicity, transmissibility and local innate immune response of three avian species harbouring different respiratory distribution of α2,6 and α2,3 SA receptors. Muscovy ducks, European quails and SPF chickens were intranasally inoculated with 105 embryo infectious dose (EID)50 of the human H7N9 (A/Anhui/1/2013) influenza isolate. None of the avian species showed clinical signs or macroscopic lesions, and only mild microscopic lesions were observed in the upper respiratory tract of quail and chickens. Quail presented more severe histopathologic lesions and avian influenza virus (AIV) positivity by immunohistochemistry (IHC), which correlated with higher IL‐6 responses. In contrast, Muscovy ducks were resistant to disease and presented higher IFNα and TLR7 response. In all species, viral shedding was higher in the respiratory than in the digestive tract. Higher viral shedding was observed in quail, followed by chicken and ducks, which presented similar viral titres. Efficient transmission was observed in all contact quail and half of the Muscovy ducks, while no transmission was observed between chicken. All avian species showed viral shedding in drinking water throughout infection. 相似文献
16.
A cross-sectional study by means of a questionnaire with open-ended questions and multiple-choice questions was used to collect
data on the profile of duck keepers, husbandry practices, and performances, opportunities and constraints of Muscovy duck
breeding in households (n = 88) in Dolisie city (Congo-Brazzaville). The study confirmed the common observations on traditional poultry keeping such
as scavenging during the day and housing overnight. The flock size (7.7 ± 3 ducks per unit) showed no specialization of husbandry
(100% of surveyed flocks were kept for simultaneous production of ducklings, meat and eggs) and a high drake-to-duck ratio
(1:3). The hatchability was close to 80.5% ± 13%, whereas the average number of eggs was 13.2 ± 5 per clutch. In addition,
a high mortality (80%) was observed in ducklings, which was due to poor feeding, lack of veterinary care and housing conditions.
Eggs and live ducks were sold by duck farmers in response to the family needs rather than market price. The three most important
findings were as follows: (1) duck keepers were mainly men (80% versus 20% of women); (2) there was no evidence of taboo;
and (3) the duck as an exotic bird was not proscribed by cultural beliefs, and therefore development of the Muscovy duck in
Congo Brazzaville should be unhindered. 相似文献
17.
Éric Niqueux Jean-Paul Picault Michel Amelot Chantal Allée Josiane Lamandé Carole Guillemoto Isabelle Pierre Pascale Massin Guillaume Blot François-Xavier Briand Nicolas Rose Véronique Jestin 《Veterinary microbiology》2014
EU annual serosurveillance programs show that domestic duck flocks have the highest seroprevalence of H5 antibodies, demonstrating the circulation of notifiable avian influenza virus (AIV) according to OIE, likely low pathogenic (LP). Therefore, transmission characteristics of LPAIV within these flocks can help to understand virus circulation and possible risk of propagation. This study aimed at estimating transmission parameters of four H5 LPAIV (three field strains from French poultry and decoy ducks, and one clonal reverse-genetics strain derived from one of the former), using a SIR model to analyze data from experimental infections in SPF Muscovy ducks. The design was set up to accommodate rearing on wood shavings with a low density of 1.6 ducks/m2: 10 inoculated ducks were housed together with 15 contact-exposed ducks. Infection was monitored by RNA detection on oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs using real-time RT-PCR with a cutoff corresponding to 2–7 EID50. Depending on the strain, the basic reproduction number (R0) varied from 5.5 to 42.7, confirming LPAIV could easily be transmitted to susceptible Muscovy ducks. The lowest R0 estimate was obtained for a H5N3 field strain, due to lower values of transmission rate and duration of infectious period, whereas reverse-genetics derived H5N1 strain had the highest R0. Frequency and intensity of clinical signs were also variable between strains, but apparently not associated with longer infectious periods. Further comparisons of quantitative transmission parameters may help to identify relevant viral genetic markers for early detection of potentially more virulent strains during surveillance of LPAIV. 相似文献
18.
中国禽(番鸭)呼肠孤病毒YB株S4基因序列分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
应用非免疫番鸭胚增殖中国禽(番鸭)呼肠孤病毒YB分离株,用LSTRIAZOL提取病毒RNA,反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)扩增中国禽(番鸭)呼肠孤病毒YB分离株S4基因节段cDNA.将S4cDNA克隆到PMDl8-T载体上,并进行了鉴定和核苷酸序列测定.序列分析结果,克隆的S4cDNA共1 124bp,包括非编码区和完整的阅读框架.分子进化系统分析表明该毒株与禽呼肠孤病毒(鸡呼肠孤病毒)的亲缘关系较远,DRV-YB与DRV-89330同缘率为93.3%. 相似文献
19.
20.
Duck plague virus (DPV) was transmitted vertically in muscovy, pekin, and mallard ducks that were persistently infected with the LA-SD-73, MSN-WI-77, or CO-WI-73 isolates of DPV. The effects of vertical transmission on the fertility and hatchability of eggs laid by DPV carrier ducks varied with the DPV isolate and duck species. Fertility was reduced significantly only in eggs laid by MSN-WI-77 virus carrier pekin and muscovy ducks. The hatchability of eggs laid by DPV carrier mallards and muscovies was significantly reduced from that of uninfected control ducks. All ducklings tested that hatched from eggs laid by DPV carrier waterfowl shed DPV in the feces. The DPV carrier ducklings shed DPV in small amounts. Vertical transmission of DPV in domestic flocks can lower fertility and hatchability. In wild waterfowl, vertical transmission may be a means of virus perpetuation from generation to generation. 相似文献