共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
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秸秆粉碎覆盖玉米免耕施肥播种机设计 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
设计了2BMQ-180/3型秸秆粉碎覆盖玉米免耕施肥播种机,提出了在破茬开沟器前安装驱动立轴旋转式秸秆粉碎装置,将秸秆和杂草粉碎并抛撒在地表的防堵措施,并进行了田间播种性能试验.试验结果表明,该机通过性良好;种、肥覆土深度变异系数分别为23.7％、20.8％,粉碎秸秆长度小于10 cm的达到90％以上,出苗率超过90％,提高了播种质量;实现了秸秆粉碎还田和免耕播种的联合作业方式,较好地满足了我国北方一年两熟区保护性耕作技术发展的需求. 相似文献
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在南方稻茬麦播种季节雨水较多、田块湿烂,应用现有的旱地施肥播种复式作业机械作业会导致种管堵塞、镇压辊黏土、沟型不整和沟内积土多等问题。为解决以上问题,设计一种适用于湿烂田地的集稻茬麦旋耕、灭茬、施肥、播种、选择性开沟功能于一体的复式作业机,提出复式作业机的总体改进方案,进行旋耕与后挡土装置、覆土装置、选择型开沟机等关键装置的结构设计,开展机具传动轴、旋耕部件、开沟抛土部件等运动部件的运动分析以及整机功耗计算,最后进行样机试制与试验。试验结果表明所设计的复式作业机能够一次完成旋耕、灭茬、施肥、播种、覆土、开沟作业;耕地平整,植被覆盖率达93.5%;种管防堵效果好,晾籽率为0.5%;开沟作业的沟型完整、沟槽清洁。所设计复式作业机的各项作业满足设计要求,能较好地适应高湿田地的作业环境。 相似文献
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北方旱作农业区耕作体系关键技术 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：12
对构成北方旱作区蓄水保墒耕作体系的关键技术进行了阐述,以地表覆盖、少耕免耕技术为核心,以联合作业为手段,达到蓄水保墒、培肥地力的目的.总结出了6项新技术:一次完成玉米秸秆、根茬粉碎并部分覆埋复合作业的秸秆根茬联合处理技术;在同一刀辊与刀盘上完成旋耕、碎茬两种作业的旋耕碎茬通用技术;只在种床部分进行少量耕作(或只开沟)的条带少(免)耕精密播种技术;垄上覆膜沟内播种的起垄膜侧沟播技术;利用仿生学设计土壤耕作部件的机械仿生减阻技术;无秸秆种床进行免耕播种的免耕播种秸秆防堵技术.同时给出了耕作体系构成图. 相似文献
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鉴于黄淮海麦棉轮作区土层深厚和根茬量大、韧性强的特点,以及免耕播种机作业要求,设计了2BMMD-4型棉花精量免耕播种机,能一次实现破茬、开沟、防堵、施肥、播种、覆土及镇压等功能。该机具具有独特的苗带清理及作业防堵、播种深度调节以及作业仿形功能。同时,利用SolidWorks以及ANSYS软件对2BMMD-4型免耕播种机的苗带浅旋装置进行了模态分析。结果表明,该机刀轴在设计转速下对应的频率远小于各阶固有频率,不容易发生共振。田间试验表明,该播种机作业性能达到了设计要求。 相似文献
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针对山东省小麦玉米一年两作轮作区的农艺特点,以及小麦收获后秸秆覆盖量大、免耕播种玉米时容易产生堵塞等问题,研制了2BMFY-4型智能玉米免耕播种机。设计了苗带浅旋动力防堵结构,能防止小麦秸秆在排肥开沟器耧腿上的堆积;设计了垂直勺盘式排种器与种肥一体式开沟器相结合的形式,能够有效降低排种高度并提高播种精度;研制了株距调节变速器,播种作业时能适应多种玉米种植农艺规格和不同玉米种子公顷株数的要求。根据免耕播种机田间高速作业时性能监测的要求,研发了可视化分布式的播种作业性能监测系统。播种试验结果表明,动力防堵单体解决了相邻两组施肥播种开沟器的拥堵问题,通过性良好,种肥施播深度变异系数分别为17.2%,18.6%,株距合格率为97.2%,监测仪计数精度96%,播种作业效率和精度明显提高;免耕播种时,一次可同时完成小麦秸秆粉碎后抛、小麦根茬破碎、开沟施肥、播种、覆土镇压等多个农艺环节,作业费用降低了30%左右;作业时,刀轴上甩刀入土浅,动土量为20%,土壤扰动小。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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赵国杰 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(4):106-107
乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。 相似文献
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苑庆刚 《农业机械化与电气化》2010,(3):52-54
草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献