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1.
建立了生鲜牛乳中链霉素、双氢链霉素、庆大霉素、妥布霉素、卡那霉素、阿米卡星和安普霉素共7种氨基糖苷类抗生素残留的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法。样品经100mL/L三氯乙酸-乙腈提取和WCX固相萃取柱净化后,采用亲水作用色谱分离,四极杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱检测。对样品前处理条件、液相色谱流动相及质谱条件进行了优化。结果表明,7种氨基糖苷类抗生素在20μg/L~500μg/L范围内线性关系良好,生鲜牛乳中的加标回收率为88.7%~111.2%,相对标准偏差为6.3%~13.1%,该方法灵敏、准确,可用于生鲜牛乳中多种氨基糖苷类抗生素残留的同时检测。  相似文献   

2.
建立了基于超高效液相色谱-四级杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱联用(UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap)快速筛查和确证定量饲料中16种硝基咪唑类药物的分析方法。饲料样品经含0.1%甲酸的乙腈-水(80:20,V/V)溶液震荡提取,Waters ACQUITY UPLC○R BEH C18色谱柱(2.1mm×100mm,1.7μm)分离,以(含0.1%甲酸)乙腈-甲醇(50:50,V/V)溶液和(含0.1%甲酸)水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。静电场轨道阱全扫描得到16种硝基咪唑类药物的一级精确质量数与理论精确质量数对比,质量偏差在0.04975~0.93988mDa;同时建立了二级质谱数据库,实现对16种硝基咪唑类药物的定性筛查及同步定量。16种硝基咪唑类药物在0.1~200μg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好r>0.9990,方法检测限在25μg/Kg^100μg/Kg,回收率在49.47%~105.4%。  相似文献   

3.
开发建立了超高效液相色谱-二极管阵列-串联四级杆静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱联用分析杆菌肽组分的方法。采用(Phenomenex C18100 mm×3.0 mm,2.6μm)色谱柱,以0.1%甲酸溶液-0.1%甲酸甲醇乙腈(75+25)溶液为流动相,0.3 mL/min线性梯度洗脱分离,紫外吸收波长为254 nm。采集杆菌肽各组分质谱母离子及其对应子离子,并进行解析,推测组分的结构。在所建立的条件下,检测出9个组分,杆菌肽各组分之间分离良好。利用紫外与质谱归一化法测定含量,两种结果相对偏差在0.01%~3.53%之间。建立的超高效液相色谱-二极管阵列-串联四级杆静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法能有效分析多肽类药物杆菌肽各组成成分,为杆菌肽的质量控制和工艺优化提供了参考。  相似文献   

4.
建立了超高效液相色谱-四级杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱联用(UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap)快速筛查和确证定量饲料中19种磺胺类药物的分析方法。饲料样品经乙腈-0.1%甲酸溶液(80:20,V/V)超声提取,Agilent SB C18色谱柱(100 mm×3.0 mm,1.8μm)分离,以0.1%(V/V)甲酸乙腈溶液和0.1%(V/V)甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。静电场轨道阱全扫描得到磺胺类药物的一级精确质量数与理论精确相对分子质量对比,相对质量偏差在0.006×10-6~1.252×10-6之间,有效去除了基质干扰,实现对饲料中磺胺类药物的快速筛查;同时建立了19种磺胺类药物的二级质谱数据库,实现对19种磺胺类药物的定性筛查及同步定量。19种磺胺类药物在0.1~200μg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好r0.99,方法检测限为50μg/kg,回收率在59.61%~106.45%之间。  相似文献   

5.
建立了一种测定鸡蛋与鸡肉中氟虫腈及其3种代谢物(氟甲腈、氟虫腈硫醚及氟虫腈砜)的液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱方法。样品经提取和盐析后,由PRiME HLB净化柱快速净化,经液相色谱分离后,四极杆/静电场轨道阱质谱准确定性并定量,平行反应监测模式检测。4种待测组分均获得足够的色谱保留和分离,各药物在 0.1-5.0 μg/kg范围内呈现良好的线性关系,日内日间精密度小于20 %,方法回收率在75~115 %之间,方法的定量限为0.1 μg/kg。此方法快速、准确且灵敏度高,为目前国际上爆发的“毒鸡蛋”事件提供了准确有效的技术手段。  相似文献   

6.
应用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术,建立了牛奶中7种氨基糖苷类药物(链霉素、双氢链霉素、庆大霉素、卡那霉素、丁胺卡那霉素、安普霉素、大观霉素)的检测方法。样品经乙酸铵缓冲液提取,固相萃取柱净化,CORTECS HILIC为分离色谱柱,采用甲酸铵溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,通过多反应监测模式进行测定。在0.1~5μg/m L的范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.996。在20、50、200μg/kg添加水平下,平均回收率为80%~117.5%,相对标准偏差均小于15%。检测限为10μg/kg,定量限为20μg/kg,该方法准确、简单、快速。  相似文献   

7.
建立了一种可准确定性定量检测4种牛可食性组织中吡利霉素残留的液相色谱-三重四级杆/线性离子阱（LC-Q-trap MS）复合质谱分析技术。牛肌肉、脂肪、肾脏和肝脏样品经5%甲酸乙腈提取,captiva EMR-Lipid柱净化。以0.1%甲酸水溶液和0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液为流动相,经Kinetex F5 色谱柱分离后,用多反应监测联合信息依赖性采集与增强子离子扫描（MRM-IDA-EPI）模式检测,基质匹配标准溶液校正,外标法定量。结果表明：吡利霉素于牛肌肉和脂肪中在1～100 ng/mL的浓度范围内,于牛肾脏和肝脏中在1～400 ng/mL浓度范围内均呈现良好的线性关系,关系数（R2）均大于0.990;在4种空白组织中吡利霉素的检测限均为5 μg/kg,定量限均为1相0 μg/kg。吡利霉素在牛肌肉和牛脂肪10～200 μg/kg、牛肾脏10～800 μg/kg,以及牛肝脏10～2000 μg/kg添加浓度范围内的回收率范围在60.2%～101%之间;批内与批间相对标准偏差均小于13%。该方法具有简便快速、灵敏度高、定性准确,重复性好等特点,可以满足上述组织中吡利霉素残留检测的要求。  相似文献   

8.
建立了牛奶中莫昔克丁残留检测的液相色谱-三重四极杆/线性离子阱复合质谱技术(LC-QTRAP)。样品用乙腈提取后,用C18固相萃取柱净化,上机测试。液相色谱条件:色谱柱为BEH C18(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm),流动相为0.1%甲酸水溶液+0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液,梯度洗脱,流速为0.4 mL/min,柱温为30℃,进样量为5μL。质谱条件:电喷雾正离子源(ESI~+),采用多反应监测-信息依赖扫描-增强子离子扫描(MRM-IDA-EPI)方式采集。结果表明:在牛奶中,莫昔克丁在1～80 ng/mL基质匹配标准溶液浓度范围内均呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数(R~2)大于0.990,定量限为2μg/kg。牛奶中莫昔克丁在2、40和80μg/kg三个添加浓度平均回收率都在60%～120%之间,批内、批间RSD均小于15%。该方法简便快捷、定性准确、灵敏度高,回收率和精密度满足残留检测要求。  相似文献   

9.
建立了一种可准确定性定量检测4种牛可食性组织中吡利霉素残留的液相色谱-三重四极杆/线性离子阱(LC-Q-trap MS)复合质谱分析技术。牛肌肉、脂肪、肾脏和肝脏样品经5%甲酸乙腈提取,captiva EMR-Lipid柱净化。以0.1%甲酸水溶液和0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液为流动相,经Kinetex F5色谱柱分离后,用多反应监测联合信息依赖性采集与增强子离子扫描(MRM-IDA-EPI)模式检测,基质匹配标准溶液校正,外标法定量。结果表明:吡利霉素于牛肌肉和脂肪中在1～100 ng/mL的浓度范围内,于牛肾脏和肝脏中在1～400 ng/mL浓度范围内均呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数(R~2)均大于0.990;在4种空白组织中吡利霉素的检测限均为5μg/kg,定量限均为10μg/kg。吡利霉素在牛肌肉和牛脂肪10～200μg/kg、牛肾脏10～800μg/kg,以及牛肝脏10～2000μg/kg添加浓度范围内的回收率范围在60.2%～101%之间;批内与批间相对标准偏差均小于13%。该方法具有简便快速、灵敏度高、定性准确,重复性好等特点,可以满足上述组织中吡利霉素残留检测的要求。  相似文献   

10.
本研究建立了鸡肉中卡巴氧、喹乙醇的代谢物残留的液相色谱-串联高分辨质谱测定方法。鸡肉样品经酸解后,固相萃取净化,液相色谱-串联四极杆静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱测定,稳定同位素内标定量。卡巴氧、喹乙醇的代谢物喹喔啉-2-羧酸、3-甲基-喹喔啉-2-羧酸在0.5μg/kg~10 g/kg范围内线性关系良好,最低定量限0.5μg/kg,检测限0.2μg/kg。高中低浓度精密度20%(RSD%),平均回收率70%~120%。经实际样品的测定,本方法简便、实用,适宜于大批量样品的测定。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

17.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

18.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

19.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

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