共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 671 毫秒
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用１５个云南栽培稻与元江，景洪普通野生稻杂交，对２０个组合的Ｆ２代分离群体的决策性状频率分布多态性进行了研究，结果表明：（１）元江普通时取生稻比景洪普通野生稻更为原始和保守，Ｆ２代呈现显著性基因频率较高；（２）云南优异稻种资源及其灿粳分化中存在较复杂的基因多样性，（３）云南稻作育种骨干亲本及其收良品系是改良云南普通野生稻株型差的良好亲本，利用元江普通野生稻作亲本可望获得遗传基础较宽的群体。 相似文献
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药用野生稻具有抗虫、抗病、抗旱、分蘖力强等优良特性,但是,药用野生稻结实率低,落粒性强,很难收种和保存繁殖。本研究利用药用野生稻种子离体培养方法获得植株再生苗。组培实验设计了3种不同的愈伤诱导培养基:筛选出MS+2,4-D 5.0 mg/L+植物凝胶2.8 g/L+蔗糖30 g/L,pH值5.8最适合愈伤诱导培养基,也筛选出愈伤继代、增殖培养基;设计了10种分化培养基:筛选出MS+6-BA 3.0 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L+ZT 3.0 mg/L+植物凝胶2.8 g/L+蔗糖30 g/L,pH值5.8最为适合分化的培养基,同时筛选出继代、增殖、壮苗的培养基;设计了10种生根培养基:筛选出MS+NAA 0.8 mg/L+植物凝胶2.8 g/L+蔗糖30 g/L,pH值5.8最适合生根的培养基。在培养技术方面采用磨去种皮,利用种子芽诱导愈伤,弱光培养愈伤,加快形成紧实、绿色颗粒愈伤,进行了有效改进。通过实验,建立了一套完整的药用野生稻快繁体系。以组培苗药用野生稻为父本,3个品系栽培稻为母本,3个杂交组合获得了远缘杂交后代。因此,远缘杂交在杂交育种中是可行的。 相似文献
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《山东农业科学》2019,(8):10-15
获得优质愈伤组织和高分化率的组培苗是离体保存和遗传转化的基础。本试验以紧穗野生稻的根为外植体,以MS和N6为基本培养基,通过添加不同浓度激素,组配不同的愈伤诱导和分化培养基,以建立适合紧穗野生稻的快繁体系。结果表明,以MS为基本培养基,2,4-D添加量少,稻根的出愈率不高,但添加量过高又抑制出愈率,以MS+11 mg/L 2,4-D的出愈率最高,MS+5 mg/L 2,4-D的愈伤增殖较好;以N6为基本培养基的愈伤诱导效果不如MS培养基。愈伤在MS+5 mg/L 6-BA+0.4 mg/L NAA培养基中分化率最高,丛生芽多;6-BA+IAA组合的分化效果远不如6-BA+NAA好。以MS+2 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L NAA+3 mg/L TDZ作为壮苗培养基效果较理想,苗粗壮、油绿。生根培养以MS+NAA组合根露白早、主根多,MS+IAA组合远不如MS+NAA组合生根效果好;最佳生根培养基为MS+0.5 mg/L NAA。利用紧穗野生稻组培苗与栽培稻配组进行远缘杂交,获得F_1代杂交种子,并调查了其农艺性状表现,表明紧穗野生稻与栽培稻间具有较强的杂交优势。 相似文献
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[目的]研究不同基因型亚麻花粉小孢子离体培养,建立亚麻花粉小孢子离体培养再生体系,以期加快亚麻单倍体育种进程。[方法]以5种不同基因型亚麻的花粉小孢子为外植体,研究不同基因型亚麻愈伤组织诱导率、绿苗的分化率的差异,筛选适宜亚麻花粉小孢子培养基。[结果]不同基因型的亚麻花粉愈伤组织的诱导率、绿苗分化率差异显著,9601和9605愈伤组织的诱导率较高,分别为30.8%和28.6%;9601组合的花粉绿苗分化频率最高为14.5%。其次为9718和9712,分化率分别为11.5%和8.0%;筛选出亚麻花粉小孢子适宜的愈伤组织诱导培养基HF1、绿苗分化培养基HF2。[结论]初步建立了亚麻花粉小孢子离体培养再生体系,为亚麻单倍体育种、突变体筛选、转基因等研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
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以7个普通野生稻(Oryza rufipogon Griff.)和3个栽培稻(Oryza sativa L.)为材料,研究普通野生稻的花器性状和异交结实率及其相关性。结果表明,普通野生稻的花药长度和宽度、柱头长度和宽度及花粉量均比栽培稻大,但其花粉粒大小、花粉活力、花粉可育度和套袋自交结实率均比栽培稻小。相关分析结果表明,普通野生稻的花药长度与花药宽度、花粉量与花药宽度、柱头长度与柱头宽度、柱头宽度与花柱夹角分别呈显著正相关,花粉可育度与花粉活力呈极显著正相关;普通野生稻与栽培稻的异交结实率与其花器性状和套袋自交结实率之间无显著相关性。 相似文献
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利用普通野生稻和疣粒野生稻去壳种子，诱导愈伤组织。愈伤组织用N6＋1mg/L2,4-D液体培养基进行悬浮培养继代。疣粒颗生稻愈伤组织生长很快，每周至少继代培养1代，有时甚至要继代2次。疣粒野生稻愈伤组织继代培养1年后分化能力仍然很强；普通野生稻愈伤组织继代8个月后分化能力开始下降，至10个月后分化能力完全丧失。在所用的11种培养基中，N6＋1mg/L 6-BA 0.5mg/L NAA诱导疣粒野生稻愈伤组织再生绿苗效果最好，诱导率为70％。1994年采集到的普通野生稻的种子，在本实验中（1997年）被用来诱导愈伤组织，其再生绿苗率平均仅为4％，比1995年用该种子进行原生质体培养的再生率（平均23％）低，这可能与所用的诱导愈伤组织的种子保存时间（3年）太长有直接关系。 相似文献
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茄子游离小孢子培养获得愈伤组织的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
应用游离小孢子培养技术,以茄子杂交种为试材,进行游离小孢子培养,旨在获得茄子愈伤组织。结果表明:单核靠边期小孢子是诱导愈伤组织发生的最佳时期;不同基因型之间小孢子愈伤组织诱导率差异显著;对花药进行变温预处理,其小孢子膨大率较对照高出6倍多;小孢子培养的适宜培养基为KM附加0.2 mg/L 2,4-D、0.5 mg/L ZT、1.0 mg/L NAA和7.5%的葡萄糖。 相似文献
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小粒野生稻与栽培稻远缘杂交探讨 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以2份小粒野生稻和4份不同类型栽培稻为材料,探讨不同杂交方式、去雄和授粉方法对小粒野生稻与栽培稻杂种幼胚获得率的影响以及不同胚拯救技术（灭菌剂20％NaClO或0．1％HgCl2、接种材料、培养基种类和幼胚胚龄）对杂种幼胚发芽率的影响。结果表明：采用栽培稻作母本、小粒野生稻为父本,人工剪颖去雄,连续3d授粉的杂种幼胚获得率较高。取授粉后10～12d的幼胚,用0．1％HgCl2进行10min灭菌处理,以部分子房为培养材料,在1／4MS培养基上进行胚拯救,其杂种幼胚发芽率较高,并获得小粒野生稻与栽培稻的杂种植株,说明该方法在非AA基因组野生稻与栽培稻的杂交中可以应用,且方法简便易行、经济实用。 相似文献
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Oryza officinalis is one of the important wild species in the tertiary gene pool of Oryza sativa.It has a number of elite genes for rice breeding in resistance or tolerance.However,breeding barriers are so serious that the gene transfer is much difficult by sexual cross method between O.sativa and O.officinalis.Characteristics of the breeding barriers were systemically studied in this paper.When both the diploid (AA,2n=2x=24) and autotetraploid (AAAA,2n=4x=48) cultivated rice were crossed as maternal parents with O.officinalis (CC,2n=2x=24),none F1 hybrid seeds were obtained.The young hybrid ovaries aborted at 13-16 d after pollinations (DAP).By rescuing hybrid embryos,in vitro F1 plantlets were obtained in 2x×2x combinations with the crossabilities lower than 0.5％.Lower rates of double-fertilization and abnormal development of hybrid embryo and endosperm were mainly observed in both combinations of 2x×2x and 4xx2x.Free endosperm nuclei in hybrid degenerated early at 1 DAP in a large scale.Almost no normal endosperm cells formed at 3 DAP.Development of a lot of embryos ceased at globular- or pear-shaped stage as well as some degenerated gradually.The hybrid plantlets were both male and female sterility.Due to the abnormal development,a diversity of abnormal embryo sacs formed in hybrids,and hybrid pollen grains were typically abortive.It showed that conflicts ofgenome A and C in hybrid induced abnormal meioses of meiocytes. 相似文献
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利用C基因组对高杆野生稻和宽叶野生稻基因组的比较分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]采用基因组原位杂交（GISH）技术研究稻属2种CCDD基因组型的野生稻宽叶野生稻和高杆野生稻基因组之间的关系。[方法]利用药用野生稻C基因组总DNA为探针,分别对高杆野生稻和宽叶野生稻中期染色体进行基因组原住杂交。[结果]杂交结果显示,在一定的洗脱严谨度下,可以把CCDD染色体组中的C、D基因组染色体分开,并且发现高杆野生稻的CCDD基因组中的某些属于CC基因组的染色体与宽叶野生稻和药用野生稻中的CC基因组染色体存在较大差异,宽叶野生稻的基因组更加原始。[结论]对稻属中有相同基因组型的种进行比较分析,将有助于深入阐明植物基因组进化和物种进化及可能的途径。 相似文献
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利用C基因组对高杆野生稻和宽叶野生稻基因组的比较分析(英文) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[Objective] Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) was used to study the relationship between the two CCDD genomes of Oryza alta and Oryza latifolia. [Method] Total DNA of Oryza officinalis (C-genome) was used as a probe for genomic in situ hybridization on metaphase chromosomes from Oryza alta and Oryza latifolia, respectively. [Result] Under certain post-hybridization washing stringencies, C- and D-genome could be distinguished in CCDD genome type; there were huge differences in some CC chromosomes of Oryza alta, Oryza latifolia, and Oryza officinalis. The genome of Oryza latifolia was more original. [Conclusion] Comparative analysis of the Oryza species with identical genome type may facilitate to elucidate the possible approaches to plant genome evolution and species evolution. 相似文献
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《农业科学学报》2017,(8)
Oryza ridleyi is an allotetraploid wild species with the HHJJ genome, and Oryza sativa is a diploid cultivated rice that has the AA genome. Although the wide hybrid between the two species is difficult to obtain, we overcome this difficulty by young embryo rescue. An obvious heterosis was primarily found for the plant height, tillering ability, vegetative vigor, etc. However, the hybrid panicle and culm traits were found to resemble that of the wild rice parent, O. ridleyi, for the long awns, exoteric purple stigma, grain shattering, dispersed panicles, and culm mechanical strength. Genomic in situ hybridization(GISH) analysis was subsequently performed on the mitotic metaphase chromosome of the root tips, and we determined that the hybrid is an allotriploid with 36 chromosomes and its genomic constitution is AHJ. Chemical analyses conducted on the culm of O. sativa, O. ridleyi, and their interspecific hybrids showed that major changes occurred in the xylose, glucose, and arabinose concentrations, which are correlated with the specific hemicellulose polymer and cellulose components that are important in the primary cell walls of green plants. Meanwhile, the culm anatomical analyses indicated that additional large vascular bundles and an extra sclerenchyma cell layer were found in O. ridleyi. Additionally, further thickening of the secondary cell walls of the cortical fiber sclerenchyma cells and the phloem companion cells was discovered in O. ridleyi and in the interspecific hybrids. These results imply that there may be a potential link between culm mechanical strength and culm anatomical structure. 相似文献
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采用药用野生稻C基因组DNA及C0t-1 DNA为探针,分别对药用野生稻(CC)自身和大颖野生稻(CCDD)体细胞染色体进行了基因组原位杂交(GISH)和荧光原位杂交(FISH)分析。利用C基因组DNA探针进行分析显示,药用野生稻24条染色体都被杂交信号覆盖;而在大颖野生稻中可区分为24条CC型染色体(杂交信号较强)和24条DD型染色体(杂交信号较弱)。以C基因组C0t-1 DNA探针进行分析显示,在药用野生稻染色体的端粒、着丝粒、近着丝粒区域有很强的杂交信号,而大颖野生稻中也有24条染色体在这些区域红色杂交信号较强,另24条染色体的杂交信号很弱。表明利用C基因组DNA和C0t-1 DNA为探针的GISH和FISH技术,都能很好地将大颖野生稻C、D染色体组区分开,C和D基因组亲缘关系较远,二者具有不同起源。与药用野生稻C基因组相比,大颖野生稻C基因组出现了一些分化。这些都为研究大颖野生稻C和D染色体组起源,探讨异源四倍体进化机制奠定了基础。 相似文献
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摘要：以普通野生稻六个居群（海南琼海居群,万宁居群,儋州居群,文昌居群,乐东居群,长雄野生稻）为材料,在干旱胁迫条件下分别测定其叶片相对含水量、叶绿素含量、叶片游离脯氨酸含量三个生理指标,结果表明,各居群叶片相对含水量均呈下降趋势,且下降幅度不同;叶绿素含量呈“先升后降”趋势;脯氨酸含量呈不同程度的上升。综合三项生理指标及干旱条件下对各居群的实际观察情况,初步认为它们的抗旱性大小顺序如下：琼海居群＞长雄野生稻＞万宁居群＞儋州居群＞乐东居群＞文昌居群。 相似文献