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不同规格大钵育秧盘育秧对水稻秧苗生长和产量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
水稻钵苗机插有利于机插高产,以甬优538和中早39为材料,分别设计不同钵深(4mm、8mm、12mm、16mm)处理的钵形毯状秧盘,研究不同钵深大钵秧盘育秧对水稻秧苗生长和产量的影响。结果表明:适当增加钵碗深度可降低钵外根重和钵外根比,使水稻秧苗的根系很好的被保护在钵内,有利于秧苗根系生长发育,同时提高产量,其中甬优538和中早39的16mm钵深处理的产量分别为7.95t/hm~2和7.53t/hm~2,比4mm处理高出17.26%和10.74%;但钵深过大则会取秧困难,成毯质量变差,不利于机插。钵碗深度为8mm或12mm能够保证秧盘取秧顺利且秧苗成毯质量高,进而保证大钵苗机械插秧质量,同时有利于机插水稻高产。 相似文献
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正为验证钵毯苗技术在"稻虾共作"模式下机插秧技术优势,验证水稻同步侧深施肥技术的先进性、实用性,探索可复制、可推广的"稻虾共作"水稻栽植环节机械化技术模式。2019年,安徽省滁州市农机化技术推广站在定远县桑涧镇河北村开展"稻虾共作"模式下钵毯苗机插秧+同步侧深施 相似文献
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<正>常见机插毯状秧苗要求盘根紧密、提起不散、形如毯状,杂交中籼稻机插在育秧时要求盘播量相对较大,而在机插过程中,取秧面积较小,易造成伤秧和漏插,特别是根系拉伤严重、返青时间长,直接影响到水稻育插秧机械化技术的推广应用。水稻钵苗摆栽技术,虽然机插时不伤苗、返青时间短,但因摆栽机械和育秧专用盘的价格昂贵,生产投资成本高,目前难以推广应用。近年来,毯状钵苗机械化育插技术在安徽省天长市推广应用,取得明显效果。因毯状钵苗秧块下部分开、上部连成毯状,秧龄时间长、秧苗壮,毯状钵苗较毯状苗返青 相似文献
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水稻钵苗移栽是一种利用钵盘育秧的水稻移栽技术,是水稻种植过程中的重要环节。由机械替代人工完成移栽是推广钵苗移栽技术的关键。为此,在以五杆双曲柄分插技术为核心的水稻钵苗移栽机上进行试验研究,结果表明:水稻单穴内秧苗拉拔力小于抗拉断力,取苗秧夹夹持秧苗茎秆的取苗方式可行;水稻钵苗移栽机栽深和株距可控,栽植翻倒率为16.7%,漏插率为14.7%,伤秧率为3.4%,栽后第2天长型根,基本无缓苗;由根系生长来看,钵体苗表现更为粗壮,抗倒伏能力强;产量较同期毯状苗机插每穗平均增加4.6%。同时,针对水稻钵苗移栽机试验中所产生的作业质量、效率等问题,分析了农机和配套农艺问题,旨在对后续机具的研发提供参考,为水稻高产稳产提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。 相似文献
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赵国杰 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(4):106-107
乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。 相似文献
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苑庆刚 《农业机械化与电气化》2010,(3):52-54
草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献