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利用稳定同位素技术,对崇明东滩南部湿地4、5月份采集到的大弹涂鱼(Boleophthalmus pectinirostris)的食源进行初步研究。结果显示,大弹涂鱼δ13C和δ15N值分别为-19.28‰~-14.59‰,7.96‰~10.13‰。利用同位素混合模型(Iso Source)计算包括白茅(Imperata cylindrical)、芦苇(Phragmites australis)、互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)、糙叶苔草(Carex scabrifolia)、底栖微藻、颗粒有机物和沉积质在内的7种初级生产者对大弹涂鱼碳源食源贡献的可能范围及分布频率,结果表明白茅、芦苇、互花米草、糙叶苔草、底栖微藻、颗粒有机物和沉积质对大弹涂鱼食源的可能贡献范围分别为0%~69%、0%~30%、0%~72%、0%~30%、0%~76%、0%~44%和0%~47%。利用后整合方法计算得到C_3植物(芦苇和糙叶苔草)、藻类及有机质(底栖微藻、颗粒有机物和沉积质)和C4植物(白茅和互花米草)三大类生产者对大弹涂鱼食源的贡献情况,结果表明C_3植物、藻类及有机质和C_4植物对大弹涂鱼春季食物贡献范围分别为0%~30%、0%~76%和24%~72%,中值分别为15%、38%和48%,表明C_4植物是大弹涂鱼不可缺少的食源。同时,根据大弹涂鱼的δ15N值,得出大弹涂鱼属于2.07~2.65级营养级,为次级消费者。 相似文献
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2011年7～8月在桑沟湾楮岛南岸东部海域,利用水下调制脉冲式荧光仪(DIVING-PAM)原位测定了中国北方3种常见温带海草大叶藻、丛生大叶藻以及红纤维虾海藻的不同叶龄叶片的叶绿素荧光特性,并确定了几种海草的吸光系数(AF)和叶片叶绿素含量,计算出海草绝对电子传递速率.实验结果表明,叶龄对海草的光合活性有较大影响,同种海草的AF值和叶绿素含量都随叶龄增加而增加,叶龄小的叶片明显具有较大的最大电子传递速率(ETRmx)(大叶藻∶叶1=26.56,叶2=21.45,叶3=19.98;红纤维虾海藻叶1=22.31,叶2=19.23,叶3=17.06;丛生叶藻∶叶1=20.16,叶2=16.10;叶3=13.10).相比于丛生大叶藻和红纤维虾形藻,大叶藻具有最高的光合活性(ETRmax=22.67),这也与大叶藻在3种海草中所具有最高的初级生产力是相符合的. 相似文献
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2008年6-12月在深圳市杨梅坑人工鱼礁区开展海草的移植试验,第一批次开展了喜盐、川蔓藻的基地试验池移植试验,海草最大存活为20 d;第二批次进行了喜盐草和矮大叶藻的人工鱼礁区分水层移植试验,海草最大活时间为120 d,且表层的海草生长存活情况相对较好.依据海草存活状况结合原生长地和移植试验地的各种环境因子进行了限制因子分析,结果表明,海草对光照和溶氧的要求较高,不同的环境因子均可成为海草存活生长的限制因子.同时,作者还对人工鱼礁区海草移植需要的注意点进行了探讨,认为在人工鱼礁区选择海草移植地时,需考虑与生长地具备相似的底质以及相近的海洋环境（包括温度、盐度、pH值、溶氧、光照等）,一般水深不应超过2m,同时具备直接太阳光照射的地方;在海草的移植过程,尤其是初始阶段,需采取必要的保护措施为海草提供生长空间以及防止敌害生物的啃食. 相似文献
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为研究3种仿刺参养殖池塘底质的特点,于2014年4—6月检测了砂质底、泥沙质底和泥质底仿刺参养殖池塘底泥的粒度组成、7项理化指标及8类细菌数量特点。试验结果显示,3种池塘底质分别属于含砾泥质砂质底、粉砂质砂质底和砂质粉砂质底;底泥pH值波动均不大;氧化还原电位的变化范围分别为-336.83~-233.83mV、-340.77~-310.30mV和-380.66~-369.77mV;硫化物含量分别为29.64~386.83μg/g、47.6~507.50μg/g和160.16~991.04μg/g;砂质底池塘总氮、总磷、有机碳含量较少,泥沙质底总氮含量超标严重,泥质底总磷含量超标,且有机碳含量远高于其他两种底质池塘。3种底质池塘底泥中氨化细菌、反硝化细菌的数量均远高于亚硝化细菌的数量,还原性物质大量积累;泥沙质底池塘弧菌和硫还原细菌数量较多。结果表明,3种底质池塘底泥所存在的共性问题是底泥氧化还原电位偏低,硫化物含量较高;其差异性体现在砂质底池塘各指标波动较大,泥沙质底池塘总氮含量超标,有害细菌滋生,泥质底池塘底泥总磷含量超标,有机碳含量较高。 相似文献
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2011年8～10月对山东半岛大叶藻进行了调查研究,并对山东半岛大叶藻进行了分类鉴定.结果显示,山东半岛主要存在3种大叶藻科(Zosteraceae)种类,分别是大叶藻属Zostera的大叶藻Zostera marina L.、矮大叶藻Zostera japonica Ascherson & Graebner以及虾形藻属Phyllospadix的红须虾形藻Phyllospadix iwatensis Makino.其中,大叶藻分布广泛,莱州湾、俚岛、小石岛、楮岛、汇泉湾等地均发现有大叶藻存在,莱州湾地区大叶藻呈斑状分布,汇泉湾呈零星分布,俚岛、小石岛、楮岛地区呈片状分布;矮大叶藻分布较少,莱州湾地区呈斑状分布,广饶地区零星分布;红须虾形藻仅发现于青岛石老人海水浴场,呈斑状分布.调查还发现,山东半岛近海沿岸大叶藻海草场都存在不同程度的退化和破坏,除俚岛、小石岛、楮岛的大叶藻呈片状分布以外,其他地区的大叶藻均呈斑状分布或者零星分布.日照东港地区的海草场更是破坏严重,且本次调查范围内未发现大叶藻存在. 相似文献
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桑沟湾楮岛大叶藻(Zostera marina L.)床周边存在大量的底栖菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum),为摸清菲律宾蛤仔的生理活动与大叶藻的相互作用,2016年5~7月,在菲律宾蛤仔和大叶藻集中分布区,评估了菲律宾蛤仔种群资源量,现场流水法测定了菲律宾蛤仔个体水平的摄食、代谢生理,围隔实验法探讨了种群水平蛤仔与大叶藻的相互作用。结果显示,桑沟湾楮岛大叶藻床海区菲律宾蛤仔的平均生物量为(572.00±20.23) ind./m2,大(壳长为3.50~4.10 cm)、中(壳长为3.00~3.50 cm)、小(壳长为2.00~3.00 cm)规格各占9.01%、43.60%和47.38%。菲律宾蛤仔的排氨率、耗氧率、滤水率、摄食率分别为(0.44±0.15)~(1.40±0.35) μmol/(ind.·h)、(0.21±0.02)~(0.33± 0.08) mg/(ind.·h)、(0.69±0.38)~(0.83±0.66) L/(ind.·h)和(2.57±0.41)~(3.41±0.68) mg/(ind.·h),且都随体重的增加而增大。围隔实验设有3个实验组(蛤仔组、大叶藻组和大叶藻+蛤仔组),1个空白组,每组3个平行(大叶藻30茎枝左右、蛤仔15个左右),实验进行4 h。研究表明,蛤仔组、大叶藻+蛤仔组和大叶藻组间的溶氧浓度存在显著差异(P<0.05);蛤仔组与其他3组的氨氮浓度存在显著差异(P<0.05);蛤仔组、大叶藻+蛤仔组与空白组的水体颗粒物浓度存在显著差异(P<0.05),大叶藻组与空白组差异不显著(P>0.05)。桑沟湾楮岛海区菲律宾蛤仔养殖面积约为0.5 km2,蛤仔每天可以过滤46 t海水中的悬浮颗粒物,并为大叶藻提供0.4 t的氨氮。本研究为深入揭示大叶藻海区菲律宾蛤仔的生态作用提供了基础数据。 相似文献
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2010～2011年对桑沟湾楮岛海区大叶藻床的调查研究显示,其生物量年度变化为313.5～769.3gDW/m2,在夏季达到最高值;初级生产力年度内为2.0～6.4gDW/m2.d;总组织含碳量为35.5%;来自海草初级生产力的固碳贡献约为543.5gC/m2.yr。大叶藻附着植物生物量较小,年平均约为21.2g/m2,固碳贡献约30gC/m2.yr;作为菲律宾蛤仔增殖场,来自蛤仔的固碳贡献约63.15gC/m2.yr,此外,参照已有研究的数据,将来自草床捕获颗粒的碳贡献等计算在内,桑沟湾大叶藻床扩增固碳量为1180gC/m2.yr,总量达290MgC/yr。 相似文献
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刺参养殖被业内人士称为海水养殖的第五次浪潮,据统计,山东省的养殖面积达36万亩,年产值70亿元人民币。如何使这个新兴产业健康持续发展,作为刺参原种场有义不容辞的责任。一、保证亲本质量山东省威海刺参原种场每年向各地提供育苗亲参1.5万尾~2万尾,基本满足了胶东半岛刺参人工育苗的需求。为了保证亲参的种质纯正,原种场专门建立了亲参暂养育肥区,每年有计划地从刺参自然保护区捕捞体重300g以上的个体做预备亲参,然后将其投放在暂养育肥区进行育肥促熟。亲参暂养育肥区建在近海内湾,面积30公顷,水深3m~8m,底质为沙泥和砾石底,大叶藻、马尾… 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 
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下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
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There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献
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Effect of iodophor disinfection of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs on their bacterial and fungus load 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Franz Lahnsteiner 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(7):3901-3909
This study investigated the efficiency of iodophor disinfection (135 ppm active iodine for 15–30 min) of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs against different groups of bacteria and against fungus. Egg samples were taken from non‐disinfected and from disinfected eggs, microorganisms were cultured on specific nutrient media and their mass was measured by turbidimetric methods. Bacteria and fungus mass of non‐hardened eggs could be reduced but not eliminated by iodophor disinfection with 135 ppm active iodine for 15 min. The extent of reduction was 47–65% (Experiment 1). The efficiency of disinfection increased with disinfection time as the reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was 40–55% after 15 min and 58–74% after 30 min (Experiment 2). Disinfection efficiency of iodophor solution diluted in water (reduction 49–57%) and of iodophor solution diluted in sodium chloride solution iso‐osmolar to the oocytes (reduction 52–61%) was similar (Experiment 3). The reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was persistent as it was 39–72% lower in embryos deriving from disinfected eggs than in embryos deriving from non‐disinfected ones (Experiment 4). In conclusion, the tested disinfection method is inadequate to eliminate pathogens completely but it could positively influence immune defence of eggs and embryos. 相似文献