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鱼虾饲料同畜禽饲料相比,对加工制粒更有其特殊要求。一般要求鱼饲料颗粒在水中耐水性≥0.5小时,虾饲料颗粒耐水性≥2小时,以减少散失,提高饲料利用率。 解决水产颗粒饲料的耐水性问题,一般采用两种方法:一是增加淀粉含量较多的原料,如次粉、小麦粉,经糊化后产生一定粘结力,以提高颗粒的耐水性;二是在饲料中另外添加专用粘合 相似文献
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鱼虾饲料同畜禽饲料除营养配方的设计、原料的选择不同外,对加工制粒更有其特殊要求,一般要求鱼饲料颗粒在水中耐水性≥0．5小时,虾饲料颗粒耐水性≥2小时,以减少散失,提高饲料利用率,这也是配合饲料的养殖实践所提出的要求,目前在南方大部分地区也成为养殖户衡量水产颗粒饲料是否合格的首要标准。也是任何一家企业要跨入水产饲料行业必须首先解决的问题。对于如何解决水产颗粒饲料的耐水性问题,一般采用两种方法：（一）增加淀粉含量较多的原料,如次粉、小麦粉。进行充分的前熟化和后熟化。使饲料原料中的淀粉糊化而产生一定粘结… 相似文献
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怎样使水生动物饲料在物理指标方面达到最佳的质量,这个问题要比陆生动物的饲料质量更加难以捉摸,因为供水生动物食用的颗粒饲料要投放在水中。水生动物的颗粒饲料在水中必须能在相当长的时间里保持颗粒状态供动物食用,而且各种 相似文献
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研究了虾颗粒饲料的表面完整性、切口平整性、长短均一性对耐水性的影响.结果表明:硬颗粒饲料表面有裂纹、切口不平整、长短不一致都会降低饲料在水中的稳定性.虾饲料生产厂家应重视产品的表观质量,加强生产过程监管. 相似文献
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研究虾颗粒饲料的表面完整性、切口平整性及长短均一性对耐水性的影响.结果表明,硬颗粒饲料表面有裂纹、切口不平整及长短不一致都会降低饲料在水中的稳定性.虾饲料生产厂家应重视产品的表观质量,加强生产过程监管. 相似文献
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鱼虾饲料同畜禽饲料比较,除营养配方的设计。原料的选择不同外,对加工制粒有其特殊要求,一般要求鱼饲料颗粒在水中耐水性不低于0.5小时,虾饲料颗粒耐水性不少于2小时,以减少散失,提高饲料利用率,这是目前在南方大部分地区养殖户衡量水产颗粒饲料是否合格的首要标准,也是任何一家企业要跨入水产饲料行业必须首先解决的问题。 相似文献
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鱼虾饲料同畜禽饲料除营养配方的设计、原料的选择不同外，对加工制粒更有其特殊要求，一般要求鱼饲料颗粒在水中耐水性≥0．5h，虾饲料颗粒耐水性≥2h，以减少散失，提高饲料利用率，这也是配合饲料的养殖实践所提出的要求，目前在南方大部分地区也成为养殖户衡量水产颗粒饲料是否合格的首要标准。也是任何一家企业要跨入 相似文献
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近年来，在水产颗粒饲料生产中．颗粒饲料在水中的稳定性已成为人们普遍关心的问题。水产饲料稳定性是一个主观的评价指标。因为它常是以对物理性状完整性进行的粗略评定作为基础的。而其它的测试指标，则包括颗粒浸在水中后的重量损失。目前大部分水产养殖者和饲料生产者仅强调了对饲料颗粒的物理完整性进行主观观察。然而试验表明，在颗粒饲料浸入水中的最初几分钟内，水溶性营养物质明显溶失。比如．饲料颗粒中大的粉状颗粒会引起断裂和产生自然裂缝，这就产生了孔道，使得水通过孔道极速进入饲料颗粒的基质中。这些因素不但使粒料的耐久性和稳定性下降，而且还会使一些营养物质得不到适当的保护而破坏、损失；同时也使饲料溶失率上升及造成水体污染。所以对于水产饲料的水中稳定性，需要考虑许多特殊的加工工艺。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献