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刺五加多糖对雏鸡脾脏中T、B淋巴细胞定位分布的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了研究雏鸡注射不同浓度刺五加多糖(ASPS)后脾脏中T、B淋巴细胞定位分布的变化情况,将60只1日龄雏鸡随机分为3组:对照组、低剂量组和高剂量组,每组20只,10日龄起对低、高剂量组雏鸡分别皮下注射免疫50和200 mg/m L的ASPS 0.2 m L,对照组雏鸡以相同方式注射等体积的生理盐水,连续注射4 d。于末次免疫后第7天和第14天,从每组中分别随机选取5只雏鸡,取其脾脏制作冰冻切片,采用免疫组织化学方法检测CD3+T淋巴细胞和Bu-1+B淋巴细胞的定位分布。结果显示,与对照组比较,低、高剂量组在注射后的7 d和14 d ASPS均能增加脾脏中CD3+T淋巴细胞和Bu-1+B淋巴细胞的数量,由CD3+T淋巴细胞构成的脾脏特征性结构-动脉周围淋巴鞘(PALS)的面积也显著增加,红髓中CD3+T淋巴细胞也明显增多,分布范围逐渐增加;同时,由Bu-1+B淋巴细胞构成的椭球周围淋巴鞘(EALS)的面积也明显增加,红髓和白髓中的浆细胞数量显著增多,并在注射后14 d时出现生发中心。与对照组比较,高剂量组和注射后14 d时上述变化趋势更为明显。结果表明,ASPS能够增加脾脏中T、B淋巴细胞的数量,并且能够影响其在PALS、EALS等脾脏特征性结构中的定位分布,从而从组织学角度进一步证明ASPS对鸡免疫功能具有显著的增强作用。 相似文献
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通过免疫组织化学法,应用CD3、CD4和CD8单克隆抗体研究了CD3+T淋巴细胞及CD4+和CD8+T淋巴细胞亚群在鸡盲肠扁桃体中的出现、迁移、组织定位分布及数量变化规律等一系列发育过程。结果显示:CD3+、CD8+T淋巴细胞最初于11胚龄时出现,而CD4+T淋巴细胞在15胚龄时出现。在定位分布变化上,CD3+主要分布在黏膜上皮中,CD4+主要分布在黏膜固有层中,CD8+在黏膜固有层和黏膜上皮内都有大量分布。在数量变化上,1～7日龄雏鸡各种阳性细胞的数量都骤然增加;而到7日龄时,雏鸡CD3+淋巴细胞的数量明显减少,CD4+、CD8+T细胞的数量无明显变化;从21日龄开始直到35日龄,雏鸡CD3+、CD4+和CD8+T淋巴细胞的数量持续增加。试验证明,鸡在出壳后初期十二指肠的细胞免疫功能增强。 相似文献
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为探寻鸡回肠中T淋巴细胞及其亚群的发育规律,本试验通过免疫组织化学方法,应用CD3、CD4和CD8单克隆抗体研究鸡回肠中T淋巴细胞及其亚群出现、迁移、定位分布及数量变化过程.结果显示,CD3+、CD8+T淋巴细胞最初于18胚龄时出现,CD4+T淋巴细胞于出壳后1日龄时出现.在定位分布上,CD3+细胞在黏膜上皮内以及固有层中均匀分布,CD4+细胞以固有层中的分布为主,黏膜上皮内的分布较少.CD8+细胞最初主要分布在黏膜固有层中;随后,CD8+细胞逐渐向上皮内迁移;最终,黏膜上皮内出现广泛的CD8+细胞浸润.在数量变化上,CD3+、CD4+及CD8+整体呈逐渐增加趋势,第2周时阳性细胞数量稍有下降,21日龄时显著增加到达较高水平后保持稳定.结果表明,鸡出壳后,回肠的细胞免疫功能逐渐增强,并在21日龄时到达成熟水平. 相似文献
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通过免疫组织化学方法,应用CD3、CD4和CD8单克隆抗体研究了CD3＋、CD4＋和CD8＋B淋巴细胞在鸡直肠中的出现、迁移、组织定位分布以及数量变化规律等一系列发育过程。T淋巴细胞均在雏鸡出壳后7日龄时出现。在定位分布变化上,出壳后1～4日龄时,T淋巴细胞数量没有明显增加,7日龄时,CD4＋大量分布在肠绒毛皮下固有层中,少量分布在黏膜肌层和黏膜固有层中,CD3＋分散分布在黏膜肌层和黏膜固有层中,极少数的CD8＋出现在黏膜肌层中。随着日龄的增长,T淋巴细胞的数量持续增多,多数位于黏膜固有层,雏鸡生长至21日龄时,T淋巴细胞的数量维持稳定,其中数量以CD4＋细胞最多,CD3＋细胞次之,CD8＋细胞最少。鸡出壳后初期直肠的体液免疫逐渐增强,并在21日龄时达到成熟水平。 相似文献
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为研究T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞在鸡食管扁桃体中的出现、迁移、组织定位分布以及数量变化规律等一系列发育过程,本研究通过免疫组织化学方法,应用CD3和IgA单克隆抗体,研究鸡食管扁桃体的组织结构发育过程和淋巴细胞的发育过程。结果显示,各时期T、B淋巴细胞主要分布在两个部位:隐窝固有层和皱襞固有层,尤其是在隐窝固有层中T、B淋巴细胞较多;随着日龄增长,食管扁桃体中T、B淋巴细胞数量逐渐增多,并在35日龄时达到稳定;许多粘液腺周围形成淋巴聚集物,并突入腺腔,粘液腺上皮转化为淋巴上皮;21日龄之后,B淋巴细胞以IgA+细胞为主,数量超过CD3+细胞。研究表明,随着年龄增长,鸡食管扁桃体的免疫功能逐渐增强,并在21日龄之前以细胞免疫为主,21日龄之后以IgA介导的粘膜免疫为主。 相似文献
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为了解鸡肺脏不同时期的免疫状态,选择不同日龄海兰白鸡的肺脏组织,利用免疫组织化学方法研究CD4~+和CD8~+T淋巴细胞的出现、定位分布及数量变化过程。结果显示,CD8~+细胞最初于18 d胚胎中出现,而CD4~+T淋巴细胞于孵化后1日龄雏鸡中出现。4日龄时,在初级支气管与次级支气管交汇处有淋巴细胞的聚集物,即形成了明显的支气管相关性淋巴组织(BALT)。在定位分布上,各日龄CD4~+T淋巴细胞主要占据BALT的中央区域,而CD8~+T淋巴细胞主要环绕在外周。从56日龄开始,CD8~+T细胞较CD4~+T细胞分布范围更为广泛,在三级支气管气道内壁中、房间隔中、气体交换区和小叶间结缔组织中均有分布,散布在整个肺脏中。在数量变化上,随着日龄增长,CD4~+T淋巴细胞和CD8~+T淋巴细胞数量均逐渐增加,且35日龄之前CD4~+T细胞数量多于CD8~+T细胞,而此后各日龄CD8~+T细胞的数量均显著多于CD4~+细胞。以上结果表明,鸡肺脏中CD4~+和CD8~+ T淋巴细胞的分布和数量均呈日龄相关性变化,且该变化说明鸡35日龄之前肺脏以体液免疫为主,而之后则倾向于细胞免疫。 相似文献
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鸡脾脏中B淋巴细胞的发育及其定位分布 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用IgM、IgG和IgA单克隆抗体的免疫组织化学方法,研究IgM+、IgG+和IgA+B淋巴细胞在鸡脾脏中的出现、迁移、数量变化规律等一系列的发育过程以及组织定位分布特点。结果显示,IgM+和IgA+细胞在胚胎15日龄时开始出现,IgG+细胞在胚胎18日龄时出现,21日龄雏鸡脾脏的红髓和生发中心中出现以IgG型为主的浆细胞。各日龄IgM+、IgG+和IgA+细胞主要分布在脾脏的特征性组织结构—椭球周围淋巴鞘和生发中心中,这些结构也随着B淋巴细胞的增多而不断发育成熟。B淋巴细胞的数量随着日龄增长持续增加,直至21日龄时趋于稳定,各日龄B淋巴细胞数量始终以IgG+细胞最多,IgM+细胞次之,IgA+细胞最少。结果表明,鸡出壳初期,脾脏的体液免疫功能逐渐增强,并在21日龄时达到成熟水平。 相似文献
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CD3+是T细胞群的重要表面标志,呼吸道黏膜下分布的CD3+淋巴细胞作为抗感染黏膜免疫的基础,在保护机体抵抗呼吸道感染中发挥重要作用。为了解黄牛呼吸道CD3+淋巴细胞和淋巴组织的分布,本研究运用HE染色法和免疫组织学方法对5头7岁健康婆罗门黄牛的鼻黏膜、气管、肺内支气管及肺脏组织的CD3+淋巴细胞和淋巴组织的分布进行了研究。结果显示,黄牛的鼻黏膜、气管、肺内支气管和肺脏组织中均分布有CD3+淋巴细胞,且主要分布于黏膜上皮间及其下方固有层中及腺体周围;在鼻黏膜和肺脏组织中分布有CD3+淋巴细胞形成的弥散淋巴组织。牛呼吸道中CD3+淋巴细胞数量在鼻黏膜和肺脏组织中分布最多,气管黏膜、肺内支气管黏膜次之。本试验结果明确了CD3+淋巴细胞在黄牛呼吸道中的分布谱,表明黄牛呼吸道具备引发局部黏膜免疫的基础条件,为牛呼吸道黏膜免疫及呼吸道疾病防治研究提供了数据支撑。 相似文献
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为了研究刺五加多糖（ASPS）对雏鸡脾脏中CD4+和CD8+ T淋巴细胞定位分布的影响,从组织学角度评价ASPS对脾脏的免疫调节作用,试验将1日龄海兰褐公雏饲养至7日龄时选取150只,随机分为3组：空白对照组、ASPS低剂量组（ASPSL）和高剂量组（ASPSH）,每组50只,所有组每天注射1次,连续注射3天。免疫后的第7、14、21和28天分别取其脾脏制作冰冻切片,采用免疫组织化学方法检测CD4+和CD8+ T淋巴细胞的定位分布。结果显示,与空白对照组比较,免疫注射后21天和28天时ASPSL组和ASPSH组CD4+ T淋巴细胞的数量均显著增加（P<0.05）,而且ASPS能够促进红髓中CD4+ T淋巴细胞向动脉周围淋巴鞘迁移,从而使单个动脉周围淋巴鞘面积较对照组明显增加,而ASPS对脾脏中CD8+ T淋巴细胞的数量和分布无明显影响。由此可知,ASPS能够通过影响脾脏中CD4+ T淋巴细胞的定位分布发挥免疫调节作用,这对于进一步揭示ASPS的免疫调节机制具有重要意义。 相似文献
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鸡脾脏中T淋巴细胞及其亚群的发育 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用免疫组化法结合计算机图像分析技术研究鸡不同生长发育阶段T淋巴细胞及其亚群在脾脏中的发育过程。研究发现,CD3+和CD8+T淋巴细胞最早出现在18日龄鸡胚,CD4+细胞出现在20日龄鸡胚。随着日龄增长,CD3+、CD4+和CD8+T淋巴细胞的数量均呈上升趋势,在21日龄雏鸡脾脏中达到稳定。CD3+和CD8+细胞在动脉周围淋巴鞘和红髓中大量分布,而CD4+细胞主要分布在动脉周围淋巴鞘中。脾小体中也存在CD4+细胞,但不存在CD8+细胞。CD4+细胞数量始终少于CD8+细胞,两者的比值基本维持在0.3～0.5。结果表明,鸡出壳后初期,脾脏的细胞免疫功能迅速增强,并在21日龄时达到成熟水平。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献