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自从20世纪60年代中叶起,英国各监狱就开始使用警犬.为了使监狱警犬训导员的工作有章可循,英国监狱管理总局于2000年制定了旨在指导监狱警犬和训导员工作的<英国监狱警犬训导员手册>. 相似文献
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自从20世纪60年代中叶起．英国各监狱就开始使用警犬。为了使监狱警犬训导员的工作有章可循，英国监狱管理总局于2000年制定了旨在指导监狱警犬和训导员工作的《英国监狱警犬训导员手册》。 相似文献
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正监狱作为国家刑罚执行机关,与犯罪分子的斗争将一直持续。监狱里使用警犬技术也是近年来监狱创新管理方式的一大探索,在监狱监管工作中发挥着一些不可替代的作用。但是,由于种种原因导致警犬技术在监狱中的运用效果不是很显著,并且出现有的警犬变成不出警的犬,训导员变成饲养员的现象。本文就四川全省监狱系统的警犬使用现状做一调查分析,得出一些结论和探讨出一些措施,目的是让警 相似文献
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新时期,随着监狱布局调整的结束和科技进步,监狱的硬件设施和监控措施逐步完善,警犬技术工作也应跟随调整,以更好为监狱的监管安全服务。 相似文献
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如何在新形势下采取有效手段,加强监狱的防卫与控制,确保监狱的安全与稳定,是监狱工作当前面临的新课题。南阳监狱针对自身监管安全工作的现状,在对警犬技术进行深入细致的考察和调研后,大胆创新,于2001年成立了警犬队,以第三监区为试点,率先把警犬技术全面应用于监管安全工作。经过4年多的不懈努力、探索和实践,取得了显著的工作成效,形成了人防、物防、技防、犬防“四防一体”的独特防御体系,大大增加了监管安全系数,同时也积累了一套成熟的监狱用犬经验,为警犬技术在监狱工作中的应用提供了实践依据。 相似文献
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现代社会中监狱管理的理念、规范、标准和要求,已经远远超出了看押、看管的传统范畴,无论是对监狱中(警察与囚犯)、物(管理罪犯所必须的物质基础)或者是对两者之间产生各种矛盾的管理,归根结底都是一个信息获取、传递、处理、分析、控制、利用的过程。这个过程完整、运行有效、监狱就能切实、有效地发挥其在国家和社会体系中应用的作用。物联网技术全面应用监狱、对促进监狱的发展、安全和为社会提供安全、稳定的环境起到至关重要的作用。 相似文献
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长途运输雏鹅的综合防疫措施＠王方云￥安徽省白湖监狱管理分局长途运输雏鹅的综合防疫措施王方云（安徽省白湖监狱管理分局２３３信箱２３１５０８）白湖农场是国家大型监狱农场。由于场区自然资源丰富，近年来水禽养殖迅猛发展，每年养鹅在１０万只以上。自８０年代中期以来，... 相似文献
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从事养殖业是非常辛苦、单凋的,有人形象的比喻养殖从业者:"住的是监狱的房,吃的是监狱的饭,干的是监狱的活".但是因其门槛低、养殖技术相对较易掌握、利润相对于种植业较高,又不受季节影响,因此养殖业是许多农村劳动者发家致富的好路子. 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献