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1.
采用平板计数法研究不同外源寡糖对崂山奶山羊粪便双歧杆菌数量的影响。试验选用安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的健康崂山奶山羊6只,采用分期分组试验设计,在不同时期分别饲喂添加1%(有效含量计)甘露寡糖、半乳甘露寡糖、寡木糖、低聚异麦芽寡糖、果寡糖的日粮,并设立空白对照组,每期35 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组粪便双歧杆菌数量有所增加,其中试验第1、7、14 d果寡糖组,第21 d半乳甘露寡糖组、寡木糖组、果寡糖组均达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。本试验条件下,果寡糖对提高奶山羊粪便中双歧杆菌数量效果较明显。  相似文献   

2.
本研究应用Rusitec-S型人工瘤胃模拟装置,采用单因素完全随机设计,在基础饲粮中分别添加0、0.8%、1.6%和2.4%的甘露寡糖(mannan oligosaccharides,MOS),测定总产气量、甲烷产量、养分降解率及培养液pH、总氮、氨氮、尿素氮、蛋白氮和挥发性脂肪酸浓度以及比例的变化,分析饲粮中添加甘露寡糖对绵羊体外瘤胃发酵的影响。试验共两期,每期9d(预试期7d,采样期2d),每个处理4个重复。结果表明,添加甘露寡糖对体外培养液pH、总氮、氨氮、尿素氮、蛋白氮和总挥发性脂肪酸浓度、各挥发性脂肪酸比例、养分降解率及甲烷产量和总产气量均没有产生显著影响(P0.05)。由此可知,饲粮中添加甘露寡糖在人工瘤胃试验中不会影响瘤胃发酵模式。  相似文献   

3.
外源寡糖对奶山羊粪便微生物区系的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
本试验旨在研究不同外源寡糖对奶山羊粪便微生物区系的影响.试验采用不完全拉丁方设计,选用平均体重为(32.80±2.45)kg、安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的崂山奶山羊6只,分为6组,试验组羊分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加1％的甘露寡糖(MOS组)、半乳甘露寡糖(GMOS组)、寡木糖(XOS组)、低聚异麦芽糖(IMO组)和果寡糖(FOS组)的试验饲粮,对照组(CT组)羊饲喂基础饲粮.共进行4期试验,每期35 d,其中预试期14d,正试期21 d.于正试期第1、7、14、21天晨饲前采集新鲜粪便,测定粪便中乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌、大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的数量.结果表明:与CT组相比,试验组乳酸杆菌数量均有所增加,其中FOS组第7天开始达到极显著水平(P＜0.01);试验组双歧杆菌数量增加,其中FOS组各采样时间均达到极显著水平(P＜0.01);试验组大肠杆菌数量有所降低,其中MOS组和FOS组第7天达到极显著水平(P＜0.01).本试验条件下,不同外源寡糖对增加奶山羊粪便乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌数量,降低大肠杆菌数量的作用效果不同,其中果寡糖效果较明显.  相似文献   

4.
外源寡糖对山羊瘤胃液酶活及粗饲料瘤胃降解率的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为比较不同外源寡糖对山羊瘤胃液主要酶活及常用粗饲料瘤胃降解率的影响,选用体况良好、体重(62.80±2.45)kg、装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年崂山奶山羊去势公羊6只。采用6×4不完全拉丁方试验设计。羊只分别饲喂基础饲粮(对照)及添加1%外源寡糖[甘露寡糖(MOS)、半乳甘露寡糖(GMOS)、寡木糖(XOS)、低聚异麦芽寡糖(IMO)、果寡糖(FOS)]的试验饲粮;试验进行4期,每期35 d,其中预试期25 d,正试期10 d。结果表明:1)饲粮添加MOS可显著提高羧甲基纤维素酶活性(P<0.05);GMOS、IMO和FOS可显著提高滤纸纤维素酶活性(P<0.05);添加IMO、XOS、GMOS和FOS可显著或极显著提高β-葡萄糖苷酶活性(P<0.05或P<0.01);添加MOS、GMOS、XOS、FOS和IMO可显著或极显著提高木聚糖酶活性(P<0.05或P<0.01);添加IMO、GMOS和FOS可显著提高中性蛋白酶活性(P<0.05);添加FOS可显著提高α-淀粉酶活性(P<0.05)。2)饲粮添加MOS、GMOS、IMO、XOS、FOS可提高玉米全株青贮、花生蔓、羊草、苜蓿中干物质、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维的瘤胃降解率。综合各项指标,在1%添加水平下,GMOS和FOS在山羊饲粮中添加效果较好。  相似文献   

5.
外源寡糖对奶山羊血清生化指标和抗氧化指标的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
为研究外源寡糖对奶山羊血清生化指标和抗氧化指标的影响,试验选用体况良好、年龄相近、体重（３２．８０±２．４５）ｋｇ的崂山奶山羊 ６只,采用分期分组试验设计,分别饲喂添加 １％（以有效含量计）甘露寡糖、半乳甘露寡糖、果寡糖、寡木糖和异麦芽寡糖的试验饲粮,另设不添加寡糖的对照组。试验共分为 ４期,每期 ３５ｄ,其中预试期 ７ｄ,正试期 ２８ｄ。结果表明：与对照组相比,果寡糖可显著降低血清丙二醛和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量（Ｐ＜０．０５）,显著提高血清中总蛋白和球蛋白含量（Ｐ＜０．０５）;甘露寡糖可显著降低血清丙二醛含量和谷丙转氨酶活性（Ｐ＜０．０５）,提高血清中球蛋白和血清磷含量（Ｐ＜０．０５）;半乳甘露寡糖可显著提高血清中总蛋白（Ｐ＜０．０５）、球蛋白（Ｐ＜０．０１）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（Ｐ＜０．０５）和血清磷含量（Ｐ＜０．０５）,增强血清总超氧化物歧化酶活性（Ｐ＜０．０５）,降低血清丙二醛（Ｐ＜０．０１）、尿素氮（Ｐ＜０．０５）、甘油三酯（Ｐ＜０．０５）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（Ｐ＜０．０５）含量,降低血清谷丙转氨酶活性（Ｐ＜０．０５）。各种寡糖对奶山羊血清谷草转氨酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性和白蛋白、葡萄糖、总胆固醇、血清钙含量无显著影响（Ｐ＞０．０５）。综上所述,饲粮中添加不同寡糖能够在一定水平上提高奶山羊的抗氧化能力,改善机体脂质代谢、蛋白质合成以及钙、磷的吸收,且对肝脏和心脏无损害,建议在奶山羊饲粮中添加的寡糖种类有果寡糖、甘露寡糖和半乳甘露寡糖,其中半乳甘露寡糖为首选。  相似文献   

6.
本试验旨在研究功能性寡糖(甘露寡糖、果寡糖和大豆寡糖)组合对锦江黄牛的瘤胃液细菌多样性的影响.选择3头健康且体重相近的安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的锦江黄牛,采用自身对照方法,试验分2期进行,第1期:对照期,饲喂基础饲粮,不添加任何寡糖;第2期:添加期,饲喂基础饲粮+功能性寡糖(0.8％甘露寡糖+1.0％果寡糖+0.8％大豆寡糖),每期持续14 d.利用PCR-变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)方法研究分析牛瘤胃液细菌多样性.结果表明:添加功能性寡糖组合后,牛瘤胃液细菌PCR-DGGE图谱条带数明显增加,3头牛增加了5个共同条带.经测序,其中2个是产琥珀酸丝状杆菌属,3个是未鉴定细菌.饲粮中添加功能性寡糖组合可使瘤胃液细菌菌群种类明显增加.结果提示,饲粮添加功能性寡糖组合能够影响瘤胃菌群区系,增强其稳定性.  相似文献   

7.
本试验旨在研究酵母甘露寡糖对蒙古绵羊生长性能、血清免疫和炎症及抗氧化指标的影响。选用体况良好、体重[(28.91±1.81)kg]相近的18只蒙古绵羊,随机分为3组(每组6只),对照组饲喂基础饲粮,甘露寡糖组和瘤胃素组在对照组饲粮的基础上在精料中分别添加0.1%酵母甘露寡糖和0.015%的瘤胃素。试验期为70 d,其中预试期10 d,正试期60 d。第1~30天,饲粮精粗比为4∶6,第31~60天饲粮精粗比逐步过渡到7∶3。于正试期第1天、第30天和第60天空腹称重并采集血清,检测血清免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、脂多糖结合蛋白(LBP)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)和一氧化氮(NO)的浓度,以及总抗氧化能力(TAOC)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮添加甘露寡糖和瘤胃素均能显著提高高精料饲养模式下蒙古绵羊的生长性能,表现为体重(第60天)、平均日增重显著增加(P0.05),料重比显著降低(P0.05),且甘露寡糖组在第1~30天的阶段日增重显著高于对照组和瘤胃素组(P0.05),第31~60天,瘤胃素组的阶段日增重显著高于对照组(P0.05)。2)第30天,甘露寡糖组绵羊血清中的IgM浓度、LBP浓度和T-SOD活性显著高于对照组(P0.05);第60天,与对照组相比,甘露寡糖组绵羊血清中SAA浓度显著升高(P0.05),血清T-AOC和GSH-Px活性显著降低(P0.05),瘤胃素组血清T-AOC也显著降低(P0.05)。综合得出,添加酵母甘露寡糖能改善饲喂高精料饲粮蒙古绵羊的生长性能、血清免疫功能和抗氧化能力,与添加瘤胃素有相似的效果,且在精粗比4∶6时效果较好。  相似文献   

8.
选用体况良好、年龄相近、体质量（32.80±2.45）kg、装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的崂山奶山羊6只,采用分期分组试验设计,分别饲喂添加1%（以有效含量计）甘露寡糖（MOS）、半乳甘露寡糖（GMOS）、果寡糖（FOS）、寡木糖（XOS）和异麦芽寡糖（IMO）的试验日粮,另设不添加寡糖的对照组。试验共分为4期,每期35d,其中预试期14d,正试期21d。结果表明：1）21d时,FOS组的血清碱性磷酸酶（AKP）含量显著升高（P〈0.05）,GMOS组的血清AKP、溶菌酶含量显著升高（P〈0.05）。2）21d时,FOS组、MOS组和GMOS组的血清免疫球蛋白A含量显著或极显著升高（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;7、21d时,FOS组的血清免疫球蛋白G、M含量显著或极显著升高（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;14、21d时,GMOS组的血清免疫球蛋白G、M含量显著或极显著升高（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;7、14d时,MOS组的血清免疫球蛋白M含量极显著升高（P〈0.01）。3）7d时,FOS组血清白细胞介素-2、4、6含量显著或极显著升高（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;7、21d时,GMOS组血清白细胞介素-2、6含量显著升高（P〈0.05）;14d时,FOS组和GMOS组血清白细胞介素-4含量显著升高（P〈0.05）。试验结果表明,不同外源寡糖对奶山羊有较好的免疫调节作用,其中,添加FOS和GMOS效果最好。  相似文献   

9.
潘珂 《饲料研究》2013,(7):36-39
试验旨在研究复合功能性寡糖对瘤胃内稻草-精料型基础饲粮发酵的影响。选择3头健康、体质量相近且安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年锦江黄牛进行3期试验。第1期:基础饲粮;第2期:基础饲粮+0.8%甘露寡糖+1.0%果寡糖+0.8%大豆寡糖;第3期:基础饲粮+0.8%甘露寡糖+1.2%果寡糖+1.0%大豆寡糖。结果表明:随着复合功能性寡糖添加量的增加,3期瘤胃液的pH间差异不显著(P>0.05),3期瘤胃液的微生物蛋白质量浓度极显著降低(P<0.01),第3期和第2期的各挥发性脂肪酸质量浓度间均没有显著性差异(P>0.05),但第3期和第2期的各挥发性脂肪酸质量浓度却分别极显著(P<0.01)和显著(P<0.05)高于第1期。在稻草-精料型基础饲粮中添加复合功能性寡糖有改善瘤胃发酵功能的作用,复合功能性寡糖的适宜添加量为0.8%甘露寡糖+1.0%果寡糖+0.8%大豆寡糖。  相似文献   

10.
《饲料工业》2017,(17):56-60
试验旨在研究甘露寡糖(mannan-oligosaccharides MOS)对泌乳早期奶牛瘤胃发酵及生产性能的影响。选择4头泌乳天数为20 d,日产奶量30 kg左右,体重550 kg左右的经产(二胎)中国荷斯坦泌乳奶牛,随机分为两组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂在基础日粮中添加60 g的试验日粮,采用2×2交叉试验设计,每期21 d。结果表明:添加甘露寡糖可以显著提高奶牛瘤胃中总的挥发酸和氨态氮的含量(P<0.05),其中瘤胃液中乙酸含量有极显著差异(P<0.01),丙酸、丁酸的含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。对奶样进行分析,添加甘露寡糖可以显著提高乳脂率(P<0.05),并且明显降低乳中体细胞数(P<0.05),产奶量、乳蛋白和乳中尿素氮浓度均无显著差异(P>0.05)。试验表明,在日粮中添加甘露寡糖有助于提高奶牛瘤胃乙酸发酵比例,提高奶牛乳脂率。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

17.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

18.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

19.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

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